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Biomedical subjects

G Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to G Kaufman.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the sorbent suspension reciprocating dialyser in the treatment of overdose of paracetamol and phenobarbitone.

Poisoning with paracetamol (acetaminophen) and phenobarbitone is a common occurrence in the United States and Europe. The removal efficiency of these drugs by a sorbent suspension reciprocating dialyser (SSRD) has been investigated. The SSRD is a parallel plate dialyser with a reciprocating blood flow and free mobile sorbent suspension composed of charcoal and zeolites. This arrangement provided a system with minimal sorbent saturation. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the quantification of the drugs in aqueous and serum fluids. The in-vitro removal efficiency of the dialyser was studied by dialysing a large volume of the drug in solution for 12 to 16 h. The removal efficiency remained relatively constant up to 10 h of dialysis. The in-vivo dialysis studies were performed using normal dogs. Large doses of the drugs were administered orally or intravenously to achieve high blood levels. The clearance values obtained from these studies were comparable with, or in excess of, the values reported in the literature for conventional dialysers. The major advantage of the SSRD is the ability of the unit to be used for prolonged dialysis and to provide a system with minimal sorbent saturation due to mixing and interchange of sorbent granules next to the membrane surface.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

Computer-assisted individualized lidocaine dosage: clinical evaluation and comparison with physician performance.

The performance of a computerized dosing aid in achieving a target serum concentration of lidocaine in the middle of the recommended therapeutic range (3.5 mg/L) was evaluated in 63 patients treated for acute ventricular arrhythmias. In all patients a serum concentration measurement was obtained shortly after starting lidocaine infusion. In 22 patients a microcomputer program based on a Bayesian forecasting technique was used for dosing recommendations, whereas in 41 the serum concentration was interpreted and the dose was adjusted by the unaided physician. Both groups were similar with respect to the average concentration achieved (control: 3.8 +/- 1.13 [SD] mg/L, computer-aided: 3.5 +/- 0.59 mg/L). However, the interindividual variability was significantly larger in the control group (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.1 mg/L vs 2.3 to 4.7 mg/L [p less than 0.01]). Nine of the 41 patients in the control group had a lidocaine concentration outside the recommended therapeutic range of 2 to 5 mg/L compared to only 1 of 22 in the computer-aided group. Lidocaine concentrations greater than 2 mg/L were associated with significantly more effective suppression of ventricular arrhythmias (p less than 0.05). The results show that Bayesian forecasting outperforms the physician in early adjustment of lidocaine dosage based on serum concentration measurements.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Familial, balanced insertional translocation of chromosome 7 leading to offspring with deletion and duplication of the inserted segment, 7p15 leads to 7p21.

We report an uncle and niece with duplication and deletion, respectively, of segment 7p15 leads to 7p21 originating from a balanced, intrachromosomal insertion in their mothers. The proposita had prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, retarded psychomotor development, microcephaly, wide cranial sutures, ocular hypertelorism, small palpebral fissures, apparently low-set and malformed ears, cleft palate, congenital heart defect, hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of first fingers, rocker-bottom feet, persistent cloaca, and imperforate anus. She died at three months. Her maternal uncle has duplication of this segment and is alive at 32 years. He has severe mental deficiency, but normal growth; communicating hydrocephalus was diagnosed at three months.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teenage sexual attitudes in China.

Not much is known about the sexual attitudes of Chinese teenagers. In this article we endeavor to address this void by examining the sexual attitudes of Chinese teenagers with survey data collected in Sichuan Province in 1988. Our analysis has two goals: first, to describe aggregate attitudes toward premarital sexual practices; and second, to identify the principal factors that influence these attitudes. To accomplish the second goal we estimate several regression equations with predictor variables known to influence teen sexual attitudes. Our analysis reveals major differences and similarities between China and the United States and indicates that China's teenagers are somewhat strongly opposed to teen sexual contact, but seem to be more understanding of others who so engage, despite strike laws and public morality forbidding it.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Commissioning: the community nurse's role.

This article examines the proposal in the White Paper The New NHS (DoH 1997) that community nurses will be involved in commissioning health care and highlights nurses' absence from the commissioning arena in the past. The important contribution nurses can make to commissioning and their interpersonal and communication skills are considered. Factors that may constrain commissioning and strategies to overcome these are also discussed.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clean shots.

Jon Stuen Parker and Andrew Hoffman, son of radical Abbie Hoffman, won their battle with the City of Chicago when a judge acquitted them of charges that they knowingly broke Illinois law by participating in the illicit act of needle exchange. Illinois is one of only nine states that prohibit the distribution of sterile syringes by non-medical personnel. Parker, founder of the AIDS Brigade, has been arrested 43 times for distribution and possession of hypodermic needles, and has been found not guilty in 41 of the 43 cases. Shared needles and paraphernalia are leading factors in the spread of HIV and AIDS among injection drug users. Several Federal government agencies and national drug abuse organizations support needle exchange programs on the basis that they do not increase drug use, are effective in reducing the spread of AIDS, and serve as a bridge to drug treatment and services to needle exchange clients. Still, fewer that 50 needle exchange programs operate today. Syringe exchange could cut new infections by half, if Illinois would revamp its syringe law.

HIV Infections↗