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G Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to G Kaplan.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Severe pulmonary fibrosis disclosing primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome. Apropos of 5 cases, 2 of which were fatal].

Five cases (four women and one man) with primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndromes presenting as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis are reported. The main point of interest was the severity of the pulmonary changes: effort dyspnoea from the outset, radiological interstitial pneumonitis, restrictive syndrome with a CO diffusing capacity less than 50 p. 100 of theoretical values in 4 cases. Broncho-alveolar lavage was performed in all patients: it showed a high polynuclear neutrophil and particularly high eosinophil counts. Lung biopsy showed severe fibrotic changes. The pulmonary changes dominated the clinical presentation in all patients and the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome was only diagnosed after systematic examination completed by biopsy of the accessory salivary glands. In the absence of an associated connective tissue disease, these cases of the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome were considered to be primary. Four patients were given steroid therapy but this did not prevent a fatal outcome in two cases after 6 and 14 months respectively. The clinical states of the other patients were unaffected by treatment. Twenty-one other, but less severe cases, have been previously reported. They confirm that interstitial pulmonary fibrosis observed during the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome does not differ from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and that observed in other connective tissue diseases. Nevertheless, analysis of our cases showed that biopsy of the accessory salivary glands should be part of the routine investigation of apparently idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These pulmonary changes may be life-threatening when associated with a primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Amyloidosis in adult Still's disease. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of amyloidosis were observed in a personal series of 42 patients with the adult from of Still's disease. Two other cases have been previously reported in the literature. In the first case, amyloidosis occurred 18 months after the onset of the disease and involved the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract with a fatal outcome in 6 months. In the second case, renal amyloidosis was observed 4 years after the onset of Still's disease and progressed to renal failure in 7 months, necessitating chronic haemodialysis. These cases show that the adult form of Still's disease may rarely be complicated by amyloidosis, the prognosis of which is particularly poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An analysis of in vitro T cell responsiveness in lepromatous leprosy.

In lepromatous leprosy, there is extensive replication of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) within dermal macrophages. This lack of microbial resistance has been attributed to a defective cell-mediated immune response to M. leprae antigens. We have examined the in vitro response of T cells to M. leprae to determine if hyporesponsiveness could be reversed. The study included 40 unselected patients from New York and from Colombia, most with the severe lepromatous form of the disease. We first noted that lepromatous leprosy patients were of two types: those unable to respond, as assessed by T cell proliferation and immune (gamma) interferon (IFN-gamma) release, and a second group, exhibiting low but detectable responses relative to tuberculoid controls. When the effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the response to M. leprae antigens was compared in the two groups, many of the low responders, but not the nonresponders, showed enhanced proliferation and IFN-gamma release. To evaluate a possible suppressive effect of monocytes, these cells were eliminated with a cell-specific monoclonal antibody and complement. Depletion of monocytes often expanded preexisting weak responses but did not reverse the anergy of the M. leprae nonresponders. The enhancement was not M. leprae-specific, since it was also observed when bacillus Calmette-Guerin was the antigenic stimulus for proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Removal of the suppressor T cell subset, with OKT8 antibody and complement, also did not restore responses in nonresponder patients. We conclude that a sizable number of lepromatous leprosy patients exhibit a low degree of responsiveness to M. leprae and that the responses can be enhanced in vitro with IL-2 or with monocyte depletion. Nonresponsiveness, however, cannot be reversed. Since currently available assays measure the function of previously sensitized T cells, suppressor mechanisms may yet contribute to defective cell-mediated immunity by impairing the initial sensitization to M. leprae antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Aging bones].

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Aging↗
PubMed1985

Homologous interference by a foot-and-mouth disease virus strain attenuated for cattle.

An attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of the A24 Cruzeiro subtype grew less well than wild-type virus in primary bovine fetal kidney (PBK) cells resulting in a 4-log lowered efficiency of plaque formation. Both wild-type and attenuated virus grew equally well in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and in suckling mice. Using PBK cells, virus-specific RNA of the wild-type accumulated up to 6 hours after infection. In contrast, PBK cells infected with the attenuated strain made less than 20 per cent of the RNA synthesized by wild-type virus. Infection of the cell with wild-type virus followed by superinfection with attenuated virus led to almost complete inhibition of viral RNA synthesis, an effect which is dependent on the concentration of input attenuated virus. Three subsequent undiluted successive passages of the attenuated virus resulted in a preparation which no longer interfered with wild-type RNA synthesis and which induced more of its own viral RNA synthesis in PBK cells. The basis of this interference was considered. Interference occurred intracellularly and was directed only against viruses within the genus FMDV. A role for interferon was ruled out. Attempts to demonstrate the physical presence of defective interfering (DI) particles of FMDV in the attenuated strain failed; but, cyclic patterns of infectivity were produced during successive undiluted passages.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Changes in total RNA, polyadenylated RNA, and actin mRNA during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.

The total RNA content of mouse oocytes, as measured by ethidium bromide fluorescence, was found to decrease by 19% during meiotic maturation (ovulated eggs contain 19% less RNA than full-grown oocytes). Consistent with these results, prelabeled stable RNA of full-grown oocytes decreased by about 20% during in vitro maturation. Polyadenylated RNA represented 19% of total prelabeled RNA in full-grown oocytes and 10% in oocytes matured in vitro, confirming previous results on in vivo prepared material. To distinguish between deadenylation and degradation for one mRNA, the amount and state of adenylation of actin mRNA was examined using Northern blots of oocyte RNA probed with a nick-translated beta-actin cloned chicken cDNA. The results showed that the amount of actin mRNA remained similar during maturation, but its molecular weight decreased slightly. Experiments in which RNA was treated with oligo(dT) and RNase H demonstrated that the actin mRNA was deadenylated during maturation, when actin synthesis is known to decline. These results indicate that the previously defined loss of bulk RNA and changes in the state of adenylation of mRNA during the first 11/2 days of embryogenesis actually begin during the 12 hr of meiotic maturation preceding fertilization.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Repetitive sequence transcripts and U1 RNA in mouse oocytes and eggs.

Others have reported that about two-thirds of the polyadenylated RNA of sea urchin or frog eggs contains short interspersed repetitive sequence transcripts, a much larger proportion than that found in mRNA of somatic cells. Thus, it appears that incompletely processed transcripts accumulate in these oocytes. Also, in what may be a related phenomenon, the nuclear concentration of U1 RNA (involved in processing hnRNA) decreases during growth of frog oocytes. To pursue this question in mammals, Northern blots of RNA from mouse oocytes and eggs collected before and after meiotic maturation were probed with genomic clones containing rodent Alu-equivalent sequences. The Alu sequence is the predominant short interspersed repetitive element in the genome and is abundant in hnRNA. When compared on the basis of mRNA content, the oocyte and egg RNA contained less short repetitive sequence transcripts than liver or brain cytoplasmic RNA. Using a U1 RNA-specific probe, the concentration of U1 RNA in mouse oocyte nuclei was found to be quite similar to that in somatic cells, and U1 RNA was stable during meiotic maturation. These results suggest that processing of transcripts in mouse oocytes does not possess the unusual features observed in lower animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cellular immunity in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy.

The depression of cellular immunity in lepromatous patients is not understood. While the blood monocytes of leprosy patients appear to be activated normally by lymphokines, T cell proliferation and production of lymphokines in response to Mycobacterium leprae are impaired in lepromatous patients. Attempts to restore responsiveness in cells from these patients have been unsuccessful in our hands. The addition of exogenous IL-2 to leukocyte cultures does not appear to restore responsiveness to M. leprae in cells from nonresponder patients. Rather, some enhancement, often not antigen specific, is observed in cells from patients with a preexisting response. Similarly, depletion of monocytes does not restore responsiveness to M. leprae in non-responder patients, but a nonspecific enhancement of proliferation is observed in monocyte-free cultures from patients that do respond to M. leprae. Thus, the defect in lepromatous non-responder patients does not result from a simple lack of IL-2 production or suppression by monocytes and/or their products. Possibly, there is a low level or lack of M. leprae responsive T cells in the circulation of these patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

In vitro synthesis of infectious poliovirus RNA.

Replication of the infectious RNA genome of poliovirus is accomplished in cells by the viral RNA polymerase through negative-strand RNA intermediates. Full-length negative-strand poliovirus RNA was synthesized in vitro by transcription of infectious poliovirus cDNA with bacteriophage SP6 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. When provided with this negative-strand RNA as template, the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase synthesized full-length positive-strand molecules. The positive-strand RNAs synthesized in vitro were infectious when transfected into HeLa cells. In contrast, positive-strand copies of poliovirus RNA synthesized in vitro by SP6 polymerase, using a poliovirus cDNA template, were not infectious. Production of infectious positive-strand RNA by the poliovirus polymerase was not observed when magnesium or negative-strand RNA template was omitted from the reaction mixture. Infectivity of the product RNA was not destroyed by DNase treatment. The specific infectivity in HeLa cells of in vitro-synthesized positive-strand RNA was 4 X 10(4) plaque-forming units/micrograms of RNA.

DNA↗
PubMed1985

Identification of immunostimulatory dendritic cells in the synovial effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Dendritic cells in the circulation are leukocytes that are rich in Ia antigens and that actively stimulate T cell replication. We have identified dendritic cells in the joint effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By phase-contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy, synovial mononuclear cells contained 1-5% dendritic profiles that were rich in HLA-DR and DQ, had small amounts of C3bi receptor, and lacked a battery of monocyte and lymphocyte markers. These dendritic cells could be enriched to 60-80% purity by cytolytic depletion of monocytes and lymphocytes with a group of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and complement. By transmission electron microscopy, the dendritic cell processes were bulbous in shape and lacked organelles. The cytoplasm had few lysosomes or endocytic vacuoles but contained a well-developed smooth reticulum that was comparable to that previously described in the Ia-rich interdigitating cells of lymphoid tissues. The growth of sodium periodate-modified T lymphocytes was used as a rapid quantitative assay of accessory cell function. Synovial mononuclear cells were some ten times more active than normal blood cells. Treatment with alpha-Ia MAb and complement ablated stimulatory function. In contrast, removal of monocytes (MAb, 3C10) or monocytes and B (MAb, BA-1) plus T (MAb, OKT3, or T101) lymphocytes did not significantly alter total activity, and the function per viable cell increased four- to eightfold. We conclude that rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids contain cells that are comparable in function, phenotype, and structure to blood dendritic cells, although the frequency (1-5%) is 10 times greater in joints. The reason for their accumulation in the articular cavity is not known, but dendritic cells may be important in perpetuating the joint inflammation characteristic of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Anatomic and nosologic analysis of 100 cases of diffuse angiitis seen in rheumatology].

Diffuse inflammatory angiitis is seen in extremely varied aetiological and nosological situations. In some cases, the vascular disease represents the only sign of systemic disease. In other cases, it mays be associated with or complicated by diffuse systemic inflammatory conditions. This study analysed 100 cases of inflammatory angiitis with systemic manifestations seen over a period of 7 years in a rheumatology department. Patients with scleroderma, erythema nodosa, Behçet's syndrome and angiitis associated with microbial infectious diseases were excluded from this study. 24 cases in which the angiitis was clinically certain, but in which the vascular lesion was not confirmed histologically were also excluded. The type of histological lesion and the nosological distribution of these 100 cases are described in detail. The results of this analysis confirm the very great variety of the clinical and histological presentations. A number of rare syndromes were observed. Classical periarteritis nodosa only represented 14 per cent of the whole series and only 3 of the 14 cases had a demonstrable aetiology (2 HBs, 1: desensitisation to Candidin). The authors stress the histological diversity of inflammatory angiitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. All sizes of vessels may be involved and all types of lesions can be observed in these two diseases. The authors also emphasise the lesser known clinical and histological features (stenosing endarteritis of the great vessels in systemic lupus erythematosus) and previously unreported cases (valvular lesions in 2 cases of Mac Duffie's syndrome, progression of 2 cases of delayed urticaria to pressure towards a clinical lupus with unusual laboratory findings).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

[Controlled prospective study of clinical and biological thyroid parameters in rheumatoid polyarthritis].

15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (14 women and 1 man aged between 30 and 75 years) were compared to a control group of 12 women and 1 man (aged between 22 and 77 years) admitted to the rheumatology unit at the same time for benign diseases. Both groups were examined for: the presence of a goitre, family history and/or clinical hormonal dysfunction, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), before and 2 hours after 50 micrograms of thyrotropin IV, thyrostimulin half an hour before and one hour after thyrotropin and the levels of the antimicrosomal anti-thyroid antibodies and the anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. None of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis had any clinical hormonal dysfunction. However, 6 of the 15 patients presented a homogeneous goitre, 5 of these 6 patients had a family history of goitre and 2 had positive antibodies. In comparison with the control group, the 15 cases of rheumatoid arthritis had a significant decrease (m +/- sd) in the FT4 (13.20 +/- 2.50 pmol/l vs 15.60 +/- 2.47; p less than 0.02), FT3 (3.80 +/- 1.12 pmol/l vs 5.50 +/- 0.93; p less than 0.001) and a rise in the T3 with low thyrotropin (5.70 +/- 1.60 vs 8.50 +/- 1.50; p less than 0.001), while the levels of thyrostimulin and the thyrostimulin peak under thyrotropin were not modified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reported health of the elderly: the Kiryat Ono census.

The reported diseases and health problems of 1,276 persons over the age of 65 interviewed in the 1978 census of the elderly in Kiryat Ono are presented here. More than half of the respondents reported having either heart disease, hypertension or diabetes, and one in five indicated that they had more than one. A strong relationship was found between the total number of conditions reported, drug-taking and the subjective feeling of health.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

[Thoracic hyperostoses. Description, nosology, etiology].

Thoracic hyperostosis is a bone disease with an inflammatory appearance which results in hypertrophy and condensation of the bony elements of the anterior thorax, the sternum, the clavicle and the ribs. 14 cases of the primary form of this disease, Köhler's primary sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis, have been reported in the literature. This benign disease is associated with only one complication: subclavian vein thrombosis. The secondary forms of thoracic hyperostosis are associated with extrathoracic signs and occur in a context suggestive of spondyloarthropathy. A sub-group is distinguished on the basis of the presence of cutaneous signs: hyperostosis associated with osteoarthritis in the context of palmo-plantar pustulosis (Sonozaki's disease) or severe forms of acne. In the absence of cutaneous signs, thoracic hyperostosis has been exceptionally described in cases of ankylosing spondylitis. It can also be integrated into a more autonomous context, associated with unilateral sacro-iliitis or with vertebral and peripheral osseous condensations. The pathophysiology of thoracic hyperostosis is unknown, but the HLA B27 phenotype does not appear to be involved.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1984

[Multiple hyperostosis with unilateral sacroiliitis. A new spondyloarthropathy].

Six patients (4 male and 2 female) presenting with an original, predominantly osseous disease are reported. The disease is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process affecting the thorax, the spine, the femur in 1 case and in all patients only one of the sacro-iliac joints. The condition had begun 11 to 28 years previously and had been active for 6 to 24 years. One case started with regressive polyarthritis. There was no visceral involvement. Radiograms showed bone condensation with hyperostosis, sometimes hypertrophic, unrelated to any articular space. Depending on each patient, the lesions involved the clavicles, the sternum, the posterior arch of the ribs, the vertebrae, the inferior femoral metaphysis. The only joints involved were the sacro-iliac and anubrio-sternal joints. The areas affected showed high radioisotope uptake. There was discrete biochemical inflammatory syndrome. Three of the 6 patients belonged to the HLA group B 27. The multiple biopsies performed showed no specific lesions. The disease proceeds by successive attacks lasting several months and responding poorly to anti-inflammatory drugs. One patient developed Crohn's disease, another, retroperitoneal fibrosis. In some respects, this condition is remindful of sterno-clavicular hyperostosis and of the osteo-arthropathy in palmoplantar pustulosis or acne conglobata. It seems to constitute a new variety of spondylo-arthropathy intermediate between the above-mentioned diseases and genuine ankylosing spondylitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Determination of meclocycline, a tetracycline analogue, in cream formulations by liquid chromatography.

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of meclocycline (I) in a cream formulation is described. The acidified methanolic extract of the sample was diluted with mobile phase and analyzed on a reverse-phase column by using a mobile phase consisting of EDTA buffer (pH 6.6)-tetrahydrofuran (85:15 v/v). The method gave linear, quantitative, and reproducible results with a detection limit of 0.4 ppm for meclocycline.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1984

[Synthesis of 10S particles in cells infected with aphthovirus].

In the present study, evidence is presented for the existence of a morphogenetic intermediary that may be a precursor of the procapsids in the assembling process. BHK21 clone 13S cells were infected with Aphthovirus A24 (Cruzeiro strain), and pulse-chase experiments were carried out using 3H-leucine. Cytoplasmic extracts were then prepared at appropriate times, and analyzed by sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation. After preliminary assays (Fig. 1), working conditions were standardized so as to obtain maximal recovery of the morphogenetic intermediary, as well as consistency of results. Only in the presence of DOC-Brij58 and Mg++ could a 10S sedimentation coefficient peak be seen (Fig. 1 a). A heterogeneous zone, with 4,5-5S as sedimentation coefficient, was also observed. The degree of labeling in the region 4,5-5S compared with that in the 10S portion, depends on the time within the infectious cycle when cells were pulse-labeled. Maximal levels for the ratio 10S/4,5-5S are reached when pulse-labeling takes place at the time when the amount of RNA viral synthesis reaches 80% of its total value (Fig. 2). Similar experiments, performed with third passage bovine fetal kidney cells, were confirmatory of the presence of a structure sedimenting at 10S, as well as of a heterogeneous zone of 4,5-5S (Fig. 3). It would appear that assembling of Aphthoviruses is accomplished through an intermediary unit which differs from that found for other Picornaviruses, the latter being the result of the union of 12 pentamers. The capsid of Aphthoviruses, also composed of 60 identical sub-units, would instead derive from the joining of 20 trimers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗