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Biomedical subjects

G Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to G Kaiser.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Hematologic changes in rats following exposure to dichlorvos].

Two different experiments on rats were carried out: an acute intoxication causing clinical symptoms and a subchronical intoxication without any symptoms. After the acute experiment an increase of hemoglobin- and hematocrite values as well as of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was found. These differences are interpreted to be an increased erythropoiesis after hypoxia. Following the subchronical experiment the parameters mentioned above had decreased. These results linked up to anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and/or polychromasia in 30% of the treated animals and allow to assume a disorder of erythropoiesis. The results require to take in consideration a prophylactic hematological survey of long-term exposed people.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in meningomyelocele.

The brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) of twenty-seven Myelomeningocele (MMC) patients were analyzed and compared with the results of a normal population. The longest wave V or V-I interpeak latencies were seen in patients with shunted hydrocephalus and cranial nerve defects. The shortest wave V and V-I interpeak latencies were found in patients without hydrocephalus. However, these latencies of MMC patients were significantly longer than the latencies of a normal population. Wave I latencies of all MMC subgroups were not significantly different from the results of the normal probands. It is assumed that V-I interpeak latency prolongation in MMC patients, which is related to the severity of the clinical signs of the Arnold Chiari malformation, is mostly due to an elongation of the brainstem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous measurement of ventricular fluid and fontanelle pressure in neonates and infants with hydrocephalus.

Simultaneous measurement of fontanelle and ventricular fluid pressure was performed during 1-2 hours in 17 neonates and infants with hydrocephalus at a mean age of 7 weeks on 19 occasions. The fontanelle pressure recorded by a Ladd sensor was on the average 1.1 mmHg lower than the ventricular fluid pressure and differed from it by a standard deviation of +/- 3.5 mmHg. The most important problem in continuous fontanometry is the evaluation of the precise application pressure at the beginning of the examination. Fontanometry is for the present appropriate to trend analysis and screening examination, but not to measure the exact intracranial pressure.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1985

Hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis.

Between 1966-1983 ten children with hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis were shunted. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed at ages ranging from birth to one year. Except for one with stenosis of the foramen of Monro all had aqueductal obstruction. A high ventricular fluid pressure and distinct cerebral mantle reduction were always present. Intracerebral calcifications were common. Only 1 had normal eyes. All 9 survivors remained shunt dependent during a mean follow-up period of 9.6 years. One fifth of revisions were related to problems specific for toxoplasma-associated hydrocephalus. A temporary external ventricular drainage or a multiple shunt system were found useful in some cases. Two thirds of the children had a reasonable outcome. Neonatal hydrocephalus, extensive intracerebral calcification and severe ocular involvement were poor prognostic indicators.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Steroid sensitivity of chronic uraemic and renal transplant patients measured by the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity reaction.

The steroid (methylprednisolone) sensitivity of chronic uraemic and renal transplant patients was examined on the basis of the extent of inhibition of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction, and via the effect on the ADCC capacity test (ADCC-C). Individuals with an inhibition of 30% or more were classified as steroid-sensitive. Immunopharmacological tests and the clinical picture showed 67%, 12 of the 18 renal transplant patients to be steroid-sensitive. In 92% of the cases the transplanted kidney was functioning well one year or more postoperatively. In 5 of the 6 steroid-resistant patients rejection necessitated removal of the transplanted kidney. The method is simple to perform and gives reproducible results, and appears suitable for application in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Fetal intracranial invasive cysts. Diagnosis, procedure and therapy using the example of a case report (arachnoid cyst)].

Changes of diagnosing foetal malformations via sonography are greatest with regard to the skull. Anencephalus or hydrocephalus are most frequent, whereas cysts are comparatively rare. In the case under report a large intracranial cyst was diagnosed during the 33rd week of pregnancy. After moderate size increase spontaneous birth of a normal boy occurred during the 38th week. Prenatal findings were confirmed post partum via diaphanoscopy, sonography, ventriculography and computed tomography. The definite diagnosis of the suspected arachnoidal cyst, however, could be established only at the age of 8 months on the occasion of craniotomy with fenestration of the cyst. The problems connected with prepartal and postpartal diagnosis of foetal intracranial cystic space-occupying growths and their management are shown on the basis of the case report and the references. Prenatally it is recommended to proceed along conservative and cautious lines. A warning is issued against exaggerated enthusiasm in trying to manage foetal malformations by means of interventions monitored by ultrasound.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1984

Effect of neurointensive care upon outcome following severe head injuries in childhood--a preliminary report.

From March 1978 till August 1981 neurointensive care was applied to 24 children with severe head injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 7, mean 5 +/- 1) corresponding to 7% of a population with head injuries observed during the same period. The neurointensive care included continuous intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring and normalization of intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure with intubation, hyperventilation, control of body temperature, dexamethason, barbiturates and osmotic agents. The follow-up time is 1.5 to 4.4 years (mean 2.5 years). The results obtained by check-ups every 3-6 months were analyzed as proposed by Lange-Cosack and Tepfer (1973) and used to group the children according to Jennett and Bond (1975). At the end of the follow-up four children were 1-5, twelve 6-14 years old and 3 older. Five patients (= 21%) died during the acute stage of head injury. Residual neurological signs were present in 42% of the children depending on the specific topics (cranial nerve deficits, hemiparesis, speech disorders, ataxic syndromes) at most in 1/4 of the cases. Minimal to distinct residual psychoorganic signs were found in 58%, an altered personality being somewhat more frequent than intelligence deficit or psychomotor retardation. Eleven of the twelve school children are back in school of whom are eight in regular and three in special schools. At a mean time of 1.5 years after the accident the EEG was normal in nine cases and displayed a slightly altered background activity and/or slow wave foci in eight and epileptiform foci in two cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The clinical significance of bilateral synostosis of the lambdoid suture and the usefulness of its treatment.

Extended craniectomy has been employed in 148 +/- 4 month old infants with bilateral synostosis of lambdoid suture. Intraoperatively the ICP was less than 180 mm H2O in 6, 180-200 in 1, greater than 200 in 7. 18 +/- 10 months following surgery clinical signs as psychomotor retardation and so forth were present in 4 compared to 11 patients preoperatively. With 1 exception there was a distinct remodelling of neurocranium and an almost complete ossification of the operative site.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1984

Monitoring of suppressor cell activity in nine renal transplant patients.

Function of Concanavalin A generated suppressor cells was serially tested on lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens, by a pool of test cells different in HLA-ABC and -DR, and by the kidney donor's cells preserved in liquid nitrogen. In six patients whose lymphocytes had strong suppressor cell activity, the kidney had a good function for 17-28 months (up to the time of the survey). In three patients who had practically no suppressor cell activity before and after transplantation, each kidney was rejected within 2-3 months. These observations are in accordance with recent experimental and clinical studies of other authors supporting the importance of suppressor cell activity in transplantation tolerance.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Typing of HLA antigens in a child population with nephrosis syndrome.

Using the microlymphocytotoxicity test of Terasaki, HLA--A, B, Cw antigen typing was done for 37 antigens in 28 children with steroid-sensitive nephrosis and five children with steroid-resistant nephrosis. Evaluation was made by the chi 2 test as corrected by the method of Yeates. In steroid-sensitive nephrosis the frequency of HLA--B 8 antigen was 33.3% and in the resistant cases 40% as against 18.5% in the controls. The difference, however, was not significant, the B 12 and B 13 antigens were more frequent in both steroid-sensitive and resistant nephrosis, though not significantly.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Treatment and outcome of the severely head injured child.

Twenty-four children (aged 3 months to 14 years) with severe head injuries were treated by means of invasive neurointensive care for normalizing intracranial pressure (ICP) involving hyperventilation, control of body temperature, dexamethasone, barbiturates and continuous intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring. The Glasgow Coma Scale before initiation of treatment was 3-4 in 8, 5-6 in 9 and 7 in 7 patients. Moderately to severely elevated ICP was observed in 20 patients. Seven developed acute and subacute space occupying intracranial hematomas. Nineteen children (79%) survived, most often with good recovery and 5 (21%) died. Severely elevated ICP, presence of severe consumption coagulopathy and loss of components in brain auditory evoked potentials were significantly more frequent in the fatal group. We conclude that the prognosis of the severely head injured child can be improved by prompt resuscitation and aggressive neurointensive care but probably not, however, to the extent postulated in recent literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Arrested shunt-independent hydrocephalus].

Analysis of 102 children ventriculo-vascular shunted in infancy from 1958-71 reveals the existence of an arrested shunt-independent hydrocephalus (a.s.h.). 13 suspected cases have been selected by routine examinations and by the so-called retrospective longitudinal examination. The diagnosis of arrested shunt-independent hydrocephalus was made in 7 and discarded in 6 as follows: repeated work-ups, shunt ligature and removal and year-long follow-up examinations using a broad spectrum of tests to evaluate the hydrocephalus. The particular analysis of the 13 children contributes to significant findings concerning incidence, aetiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis of a.s.h.

Age Factors↗