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Biomedical subjects

G Kahle

Publications and source records attributed to G Kahle.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Excimer laser keratomileusis for myopia correction. Results and complications].

Results of excimer laser keratomileusis in 26 myopic sighted eyes are presented. The follow-up was at least 9 months. The base-line refraction was -4.48 +/- 1.81 D (range: -1.4 to -9.25 D). After 3 months 85% were within +/- 1 D from the intended refraction. The such defined success rate after 6 months was 87.5%, after 9 months 88%, and after 12 months 92%. One month after surgery we found an overcorrection of +1.45 +/- 1.22 D decreasing to +0.27 +/- 0.94 D at three months, becoming an undercorrection of -0.24 +/- 0.76 D after six, and -0.32 +/- 0.69 D after nine months, and of -0.36 +/- 0.6 D after one year. Stability within the measurement error (+/- 0.25 D) appeared in 79% of the treated eyes six months after treatment. Three patients have been excluded from the study group because they did not follow the protocol. Subepithelial haze occurred in all patients, becoming most intense after 3 months, gradually clearing over the next months. With appropriate steroid medication, the refractive effect may be modulated. Complications as steroid glaucoma, recurrent erosion, loss of acuity, or extensive corneal scarring seem to be very rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Neonatal focal seizures and transitory inappropriate ADH secretion syndrome due to an infarction in the region of the middle cerebral artery].

Cerebral arterial infarction is a very rare condition during the neonatal period. In recent times, cerebral infarctions with an atypical bland course are reported in healthy, unsuspected newborns. For the first time, we saw focal seizures and a transient syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion in a full-term, male newborn with an infarction of the middle cerebral artery as the first sign of this disorder. On the basis of these rare clinical manifestations, the literature about neonatal cerebral infarction is reviewed. The diagnostic possibilities and prognostic expectations are discussed. It is the aim of this case report to call attention to this rare disease in order to avoid a delay in diagnosis and therapy, even if the initial manifestations are atypical.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1991

[Wound healing of the cornea of New World monkeys after surface keratectomy: Er:YAG-excimer laser].

Corneal wound healing was studied after photoablation with an excimer laser (193 nm, 43 pulses at 180 mJ/cm2 [symbol: see text] 11 microns ablation depth, optical zone 2.0 mm) and with an erbium-YAG laser (2.94 microns, 5 pulses at 2.5 J/cm2 [symbol: see text] 50 microns ablation depth, optical zone 1.6 mm). The corneas of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were prepared 5 and 10 days and 4 and 25 weeks after photoablation. The sections were investigated by conventional light microscopy or exposed to antibodies against collagen types I, III, IV, VII and laminin and stained by indirect immunofluorescence. Macroscopically, the time-course of wound healing was comparable to that seen, after laser keratomileusis for correction of myopia in humans (epithelium closure after 24-48 h, subepithelial haze: erbium-YAG less than or equal to excimer). Histologically the time-course of wound healing could be schematically divided into three phases: (1) epithelial hyperplasia, inhomogeneous new synthesis of collagen fibrils subepithelially; (2) reorganization of the epithelium, hyperplasia of keratocytes, incipient reorganization of the collagen fibrils, increase in subepithelial haze; (3) reorganization of the collagen fibrils, decrease in subepithelial haze. The distribution of collagen type VII during the corneal wound healing suggests that the subepithelial haze observed during the healing process after laser keratomileusis for correction of myopia is based on the anchoring fibrils of the basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Autoradiographic mapping of the glucose transporter with cytochalasin B in the mammalian eye.

The anatomic localization of the glucose transport protein in the eyes of rats, rabbits, baboons, marmosets, and humans with [3H]cytochalasin B using in vitro autoradiography showed high densities of glucose carrier densities. These densities were seen in the ciliary body, especially ciliary processes, iris, retina, and in some species, the trabecular meshwork and lens. In the lens, specific [3H]cytochalasin B-binding sites were mainly concentrated in the lens nucleus. Lower concentrations were found in the cortex. During aging, glucose transporter concentration increases up to the age of 8 yr in the marmoset lens nucleus, but decreases in the cortex and retina. Moderate amounts of carrier are located in the corneal endothelium and epithelium. The enrichment of glucose carrier protein in the trabecular meshwork suggests a high metabolic activity and a possible relationship in the regulation of intraocular pressure.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative autoradiography of beta-adrenergic receptors in rabbit eyes.

Beta-adrenergic receptors were localized and quantified with autoradiographic methods in frozen sections of eyes of albino rabbits using [125I]cyanopindolol and [3H]dihydroalprenolol. Quantification in albino rabbits revealed highest beta 2-adrenoceptor densities in the ciliary body, the corneal epithelium and the corneal endothelium. Moreover, the iris showed significant amounts of specific binding, whereas the retina and sclera are nearly free of these receptors.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative autoradiography of the glucose transport protein with (3H)cytochalasin-B in the mammalian eye].

In vitro autoradiography with [3H]cytochalasin for the anatomic localization of the glucose transport protein in eyes of rats, rabbits, baboons, marmosets and humans reveals high glucose carrier densities in the ciliary body, especially ciliary processes, iris, retina and, in some species, in the trabecular meshwork and lens. In the lens, specific [3H]cytochalasin B binding sites are mainly concentrated in the lens nucleus. Lower concentrations are found in the cortex. During again, the glucose transporter concentration increases up to the age of 8 years in the marmoset lens nucleus, but decreases in the cortex and retina. Moderate amounts of carrier are located in the corneal endo- and epithelium. These findings suggest a possible involvement of glucose transporter-related mechanisms in cataractogenesis, e.g. in that resulting from glycosylation of lens proteins. The enrichment of glucose carrier protein in the trabecular meshwork suggests a high metabolic activity and a possible involvement in the regulation of intraocular pressure. The relationship between glucose transport and utilization is also briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative autoradiography with (125I)cyanopindolol of ocular tissues].

In the present study beta-adrenergic receptors were identified and localized by autoradiographic methods using [125I]cyanopindolol in human eyes, as well as in the eyes of marmosets and albino rabbits. Quantification revealed that the highest binding-site densities are in the ciliary body and the corneal epithelium and endothelium. Moreover, the iris and conjunctiva showed significant amounts of specific [125I]cyanopindolol binding. In pigmented human and marmoset eyes, binding to the ciliary epithelium and iris was not inhibited by 10 microM propranolol, thus representing nonspecific binding sites. In nonpigmented rabbit eyes, binding to all parts of the eye was reduced to the level of background by 10 microM propranolol and 100 nM ICI 118-551, which is a highly selective beta 2-adrenergic ligand. Being selective for serotonin1B receptors, 100 nM ICI 89-406 which blocks more than 95% of the beta 1-adrenergic receptors, and RU 24,969 have no effect on [125I]cyanopindolol binding, which suggests that there is binding to beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The anatomical location and quantification of beta 2-receptors in the mammalian eye may contribute to better understanding of beta 2-adrenoceptor function and the action of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in glaucoma therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Laser keratomileusis for correction of myopia].

Laser keratomileusis with the excimer laser (193 nm) is a new method of refractive surgery. With this procedure a thin lenticule is ablated from the central cornea with submicron precision. The refraction changes achieved in 13 eyes ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 dpt. With this correction 92% of the treated eyes were within 1.0 dpt either way at 3 months after surgery, but after 6 months this proportion decreased to 77%. The best-corrected visual acuity recovers within 1 months to preoperative values. In all patients a slight subepithelial haze was detected with the slit-lamp in the early postoperative phase, but cleared within 4-6 months to a clinically non-significant level.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[How best to present the radiological picture of the temporal bone today?].

The detailed evaluation of anatomy and pathology of the temporal bone requires imaging modalities that are superior to plain x-ray films. Conventional polytomography has today largely been replaced by high-resolution CT. High-resolution CT provides excellent demonstration of the delicate bony structures and provides superior information about the soft tissues. The axial 1 mm scans of a complete temporal bone examination can be reformated in any number of planes. These reconstructions display the temporal bone in various projections. This theoretically well-founded procedure of individual processing has proven to be highly practical in more than 1000 examinations of the skull base. High-resolution CT with image reconstruction is the diagnostic method of choice for the evaluation of the skull base and especially the temporal bone, as the complex anatomy is best demonstrated by this technique. Six axial computed tomographic scans are demonstrated in detail. The special value of multiplanar reconstructions is illustrated by reconstructions in the coronal, sagittal and longitudinal plane.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and operative sequela of rare abnormalities of the inner ear].

Two cases of congenital unilateral deafness in otherwise normal children are presented. X-ray examination showed a partition of the inner ear canal in one of them. A review of the literature showed this lesion to be very rare, but it is more frequent in combination with other malformations such as the Klippel-Feil-syndrome, Wildervanck-syndrome and Thalidomide embryopathy. The second child showed an extensive malformation of the cochlear and vestibular parts of the inner ear and of the internal auditory meatus. The vestibulocochlear nerve was absent. An arachnoidal cyst protruding into the tympanic cavity formed the only boundary between the middle ear and the cerebrospinal fluid. This resulted in relapsing meningitis and a postmeningitic hearing loss on the other side. A tympanoscopy and closure of the connection between the tympanic cavity and the internal auditory meatus stopped the ascending infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Report on psychosocial findings and satisfaction among patients 1 year after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

BACKGROUND: The first 26 patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy with an excimer laser in our clinic with a 1-year follow up voluntarily answered a questionnaire. METHODS: It was intended to get information about their social status, motivation, expectations, and satisfaction with myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. RESULTS: All patients wore corrective lenses before surgery; 74% wore no optical correction after the photorefractive keratectomy. "To improve general vision" was the highest ranked motivation while "looking better" was only of minor importance. Seventy-two percent reported that their subjective vision became better; 28% felt that it didn't change, but none reported deterioration of subjective vision. Seventy-five percent of the patients reported improvement of their lifestyle after surgery, whereas 21% reported no change and one patient stated that his lifestyle got worse. On a scale ranging from 1 to 5, early postoperative course was painful with a mean score of 2.25; the treatment itself was considered as professional (1.42 +/- 0.8) and well done (1.54 +/- 0.8). Eighty-four percent of the patients reported that they were satisfied with the overall results. CONCLUSIONS: All patients would decide again to have photorefractive keratectomy for myopic correction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoradiographic analysis of benzodiazepine receptors in mutant mice with cerebellar defects.

[3H]Flunitrazepam binding sites were analysed in the cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei of Purkinje cell deficit (pcd) mutant mice which have an almost complete postnatal loss of Purkinje cells, and weaver mutant mice, in which there is a postnatal degeneration of granule cells. Increases in [3H]flunitrazepam binding site densities were found in the molecular and granule cell layer of weaver mutant mice, whereas decreases were observed in pcd mutant mice when compared to wildtype 'control' mice. Apparently unaltered benzodiazepine receptor densities were found in the flocculus of pcd mutant mice, whereas increases were seen in the flocculus of weaver mutant mice. The densities of benzodiazepine binding sites in the medial and lateral deep cerebellar nuclei of both mutants significantly exceeded those in control mice. Significant increases in flunitrazepam binding sites were also found in the superior and spinal nucleus of the vestibular complex of pcd mice as compared to wildtype. In the weaver mutants the benzodiazepine receptor density is enhanced in the superior and medial vestibular nucleus. Apparently unaltered numbers of such receptors compared to the wildtype control group were found in the remaining vestibular nuclei of both mutants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excimer laser (193 nm) myopic keratomileusis in sighted and blind human eyes.

Ten blind and 13 sighted human eyes underwent excimer laser (193 nm) keratomileusis. The radiant exposure was 180 mJ/cm2 with an ablation zone diameter of 3.5 mm. The follow-up of the blind eyes ranged from 9 to 11 months, whereas that of the sighted eyes was at least 6 months. The intended refraction change was -3.0 and -5.0 D in the blind eyes and ranged from -1.5 to -7.0 D in the sighted eyes. After 3 months, 12 of 13 sighted eyes (92%) achieved a refraction between +/- 1.0 D, whereas after 6 months 77% of the refractions were in this range. Temporary subepithelial haze occurred in all eyes except some of the -3.0 D blind eyes. After 6 months, the subepithelial haze had resolved to a clinical non-significant level (trace to grade 0.5 haze), except in one eye that showed a focal scar.

Adult↗