Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G K Kovalev.
Among the convicts of the Saratov region reformatories and prisons there are now 3 types of tuberculosis foci: extensive, congruent and stable. It is stated that these foci have arisen by chance as a result of misdiagnosis and poor control over persons to be treated.
The incidence and causes of pulmonary tuberculosis recurrences were studied in the convicted persons from the corrective-labour establishments of the Saratov Region. There was a specificity of aggravating factors that influenced the occurrence of relapses. The findings are interpreted in the paper.
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A total of 777 specimens of the river-side and water birds of 36 species belonging to 8 orders were examined for infectivity by the causative agent of tuberculosis M. avium. Examination was carried out in the northern zone of the land along the lower Volga. Infectivity was studied by serologic and bacteriologic tests. Serologic examination showed that 104 out of the 399 birds were AIT-positive (26.0 +/- 2.195%), in bacteriologic examination 73 out of the 378 specimens were infected (19.57 +/- 2.040%). The infectivity parameters of birds determined by both methods had certain characteristic features typical of the examination territory. The character of distribution of the infected birds was determined according to the regions of the examination zone.
Examination for M. avium contamination covered 702 specimens of the synanthropic birds of 6 species (hooded crows, daws, rooks, magpies, sparrows, starlings) which was carried out in 13 landscape-epizootic areas of the northern zone of the Low Volga region. Contamination was studied by a serological test (AIT) using the M. avium extract and dry avian tuberculin as an antigen in the parallel tests. It was found that 96 (23%) of the 416 specimens from the right bank of the Volga and 65 (22.72%) of the 286 birds from the left bank were AIT-seropositive. The paper presents methods of study and contamination parameters of birds; the character of distribution of the infected birds by the region of the examination zone is discussed.
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The leading role of wild birds in the spread and circulation of the causative agent of avian tuberculosis is emphasized and the basic theoretical prerequisites of developing the hypothesis of the formation of its natural foci are discussed. The significance of the individual factors for the formation of the theory of natural foci of tuberculosis caused by M. avium is displayed. The opinion is expressed that avian tuberculosis should be classified among facultatively transmissible natural-focal infections in the epizootic process of which both transmissive (ticks) and non-transmissive (water; various infected substrates, soil, etc.) factors take part.
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The cases of tuberculosis in wild animals of different systematic groups recorded and published in the world literature since the time of discovery of the agent of tuberculosis have been presented. The epizootiology, routes of dissemination of the infection, clinical manifestations and some other characteristics accounting for the present status of tuberculosis in wild animals have been described.
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