[Acute myocardial infarction and respirator treatment. A retrospective prognostic assessment].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
G Johansson
Publications and source records attributed to G Johansson.
Affinity partitioning and centrifugal counter-current distribution of membrane-bound opiate receptors using naloxone-poly(ethylene glycol).
Crude synaptic membranes isolated from calf brain cortex were subjected to an aqueous two-phase system and the partition of the various membrane constituents and activities between the phases were studied. These constituents were phosphate, cholesterol and protein. The activities measured were acetyl-cholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, 2',3'-cyclicnucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase and stereospecific opiate-binding. The successful fractionation of the membranes was achieved by the use of an aqueous two-phase system in a counter-current distribution process. A ligand bound to poly(ethylene glycol) with an affinity for opiate receptors was synthesized by reacting 6-aminonaloxone with tresylpoly(ethylene glycol). The ligand-polymer was used to extract membrane-bound opiate receptors into the upper, poly(ethylene glycol)-rich phase. This use of affinity partitioning resulted in membrane fractions with a 3-4 fold higher ability to bind stereospecifically etorphine than the original preparations of synaptic membranes.
Animals↗
Family history of renal stones in recurrent stone patients.
A survey was carried out on the family history of renal stones among 380 patients in an out-patient stone clinic, most of whom had experienced frequent recurrences. In 55.4% of patients at least one first-degree relative had experienced renal stones. A positive family history was more common in females (64.7%) than in males (51.0%) and was particularly apparent in those who had multiple recurrences. It was also significantly more common in female patients with evidence of renal tubular defects (incomplete forms of renal tubular acidosis). Among the ordinary stone patients 18% of the fathers and 8% of the mothers had also formed renal stones. The corresponding figures for female stone patients with renal tubular defects were 40 and 33% respectively. These findings indicate that tubular dysfunction could be an inherited trait that predisposes to the formation of renal stones. Hypercalciuria or hyperuricosuria was not over-represented among stone formers with a positive family history.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
Allopurinol treatment of renal calcium stone disease.
Thirty-one calcium stone patients were treated with 300 mg allopurinol daily during a mean follow-up period of 2 years. They were also given advice on diet and fluid intake. The effects on the recurrence rate of stones were compared with the effects on the recurrence rate in 43 calcium stone patients who were given similar advice on diet and fluid intake but were not treated with allopurinol. In both groups there was a reduction in the recurrence rate but no difference between patients treated with allopurinol and the control group. Some patients with only hyperuricosuria prior to treatment seemed to benefit from allopurinol treatment, whereas those with hypercalciuria continued to form stones with the same frequency. Allopurinol treatment in calcium stone disease appears less effective than treatment with thiazides, magnesium hydroxide or orthophosphate.
Adolescent↗
Tubular proteinuria in renal calcium stone formers.
The incidence of tubular proteinuria measured as urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin was evaluated in 68 consecutive renal calcium stone formers, 14 of whom had impaired urinary acidification capacity. During normal conditions 13% of these stone formers had tubular proteinuria. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of tubular proteinuria between subgroups with proximal or distal acidification defects. During transient metabolic acidosis induced by an ammonium chloride load a pronounced increase in beta 2-microglobulin excretion was noticed in all patient groups but especially in those with urinary acidification defects. In stone formers with normal acidification capacity the degree of acidosis-induced beta 2-microglobulinuria was moderate but a small group of patients exhibited a large urine excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. This finding may reflect a latent tubular defect of importance for stone genesis.
Acidosis↗
Studies on the ATP-sensitivity of yeast phosphofructokinase by means of affinity partitioning using polymer bound Cibacron blue F3G-A.
Yeast phosphofructokinase was partitioned in an aqueous two-phase system composed of polyethylene glycol and dextran in which a small amount of the first polymer was replaced by Cibacron Blue F3G-A substituted polyethylene glycol. It was found that the partition coefficient, K, of the enzyme determined immediately after adding the enzyme to the system and within a series of time intervals (min) shifts from a lower to a higher value. This effect was amplified when the enzyme was preincubated with fructose 6-phosphate in millimolar concentration range. Other effectors, like ATP, ADP, AMP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and protons were without significant influence on the partition. A similar behaviour in lowering the partition coefficient was found with an enzyme form desensitized to ATP-inhibition. The existence of enzyme forms of different affinity to Cibacron Blue depending on the fructose 6-phosphate could be manifested by counter-current distribution. Because of the competition in the binding of Cibacron Blue and ATP to the nucleotide binding sites the conclusion was drawn that the partition of phosphofructokinase reflects the alteration of the affinity of the enzyme to ATP.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
A comparative study of pain description, emotional discomfort and health perception in patients with chronic pain syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
The purpose of the present study was to compare pain description and emotional and psychosomatic discomfort in patients with chronic pain syndrome (CPS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to identify special characteristic features in patients with CPS. Methods used were a Visual Analogue Scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, a new pain, ache and hurt assessment tool and a questionnaire related to causes of pain, health perception and experienced emotional and psychosomatic discomfort. The patients with CPS perceived themselves as being less healthy than patients with RA. While the sensory quality of pain was similar in both groups, the emotional component was stronger in patients with CPS. They experienced more emotional and psychosomatic discomfort compared to patients with RA. They believed that factors associated with their work had caused the pain. The result indicates that assessment of ache by patients with CPS on the Visual Analogue Scale reflects the affective dimension of the experience.
Adult↗
Liquid-liquid extraction of membranes from calf brain using conventional and centrifugal counter-current distribution techniques.
Neural membranes isolated from calf brain have been partitioned in aqueous two-phase systems containing dextran and polyethyleneglycol. When the partition was repeated several times, using counter-current distribution technique, the distribution of the membranes between the upper phase and the interface changed in a non-ideal manner and in favour of the interface. By using a centrifugal counter-current distribution device the time for the experiment could be reduced by a factor of 7-8 and the distribution was similar to what could be expected for ideally behaving membranes. The time-dependent change of the membranes is discussed in terms of aggregation and lateral membrane perturbations. Despite this effect a certain fractionation has been achieved as deduced from analysis of cholesterol content, opiate receptor activity and acetylcholinesterase activity along the counter-current distribution row of fractions. Compared to the starting material these activities were enriched some two-fold in certain fractions.
Animals↗
[Cooperation between public health dentistry and private practice dentistry. Epidemiologic information systems for organized dental care for the elderly in Vasternorrland].
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Aged↗
Parameters determining affinity partitioning of yeast enzymes using polymer-bound triazine dye ligands.
Triazine dyes, bound to polyethylene glycol, have been used to influence the partition of some enzymes within a dextran-polyethylene glycol-water two-phase system. The enzymes, present in a protein extract from baker's yeast, included glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phospho-glycerate kinase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The partition coefficients of the enzymes could be changed by a factor of 10-500 in favour of the polyethylene glycol-rich phase, while the partition of bulk protein was much less affected. The influence of the concentration of polymer-bound dye and phase-forming polymers, temperature, pH, kind and concentration of salt and the presence of nucleotides on this affinity partitioning effect was studied. The extraction was effective even at high concentrations of dye and protein (40 g/l). A partial purification (32-fold) of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was carried out by an extraction in five steps.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
[Organized dental health care for the elderly].
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Aged↗
Affinity partitioning of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems containing polymer-bound fatty acids. I. Effect of polyethylene glycol palmitate on the partition of human serum albumin and alpha-lactalbumin.
The partition of serum albumin between the two aqueous phases of a polyethylene glycol-dextran-water two-phase system is strongly influenced by replacing a small fraction of the polyethylene glycol by its palmitate ester. The partition of albumin is compared with the partition of polymer-bound palmitate using polyethylene glycol [1-14C]palmitate. The data indicate that a maximum ("saturation") effect on the partition of albumin corresponds to a binding of fewer than two palmitate groups per albumin molecule. The effect on alpha-lactalbumin corresponds to the maximum binding of 0.5 palmitate group per protein molecule. These data do not fit the most favoured available model for affinity partitioning. The deviation can be attributed to the observation that the palmitate groups probably form micelle-type aggregates in the polyethylene glycol-rich phase at the concentrations used for albumin extraction.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
Neuromuscular involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Sixteen consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) were examined by a combination of electrophysiological, morphological and biochemical measurements. Six patients had, preoperatively, subjective impairment of neuromuscular function. Three of them were improved by the normalization of parathyroid function after surgery. In the other patients, who either had vague symptoms or appeared to be asymptomatic, the operation did not cause subjective changes in their neuromuscular function during a 3-month follow-up period. Altogether seven patients, three of whom had symptoms, had impairment of the neuromuscular transmission as evaluated by the single-fibre EMG technique. The changes were of slight degree and unlikely to be of clinical importance. Two patients had a slightly reduced nerve conduction velocity and in two cases moderate abnormalities were found in muscle biopsy specimens. In conclusion, the muscular weakness reported by HPT patients did not seem to be caused by disturbance of neuromuscular transmission. HPT patients who preoperatively were apparently asymptomatic did not have defects of their neuromuscular transmission that were of clinical significance.
Aged↗
The effect of acute zimeldine and alaproclate administration on the acquisition of two-way active avoidance: comparison with other antidepressant agents, test of selectivity and sub-chronic studies.
The dose-dependent effect of acute zimeldine and alaproclate treatment upon the acquisition of two-way and one-way active avoidance in the rat was studied in a single-session and in a repeated-sessions design. Zimeldine (5-20 mg/kg, IP), but not alaproclate, caused disruptions of two-way avoidance acquisition. Acquisition deficits were also caused by citalopram and fluoxetine but not the other antidepressant drugs tested. Zimeldine, but not alaproclate or desipramine, caused a slight but non-significant impairment of one-way active avoidance; neither zimeldine nor alaproclate produced any effects upon fear conditioning and retention testing. The long-term action of p-chloroamphetamine (2 X 10 mg/kg) antagonised the acute zimeldine effect totally, and chronic treatment with zimeldine (15 days, 1 X 50 mumol/kg) and chlorimipramine (15 days, 2 X 10 mumol/kg) also caused some partial blockade of the two-way avoidance deficit. These data seem to suggest some involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in the observed disruptions of two-way active avoidance caused by acute zimeldine treatment.
Alanine↗
The influence of exercise on dental pain thresholds and the release of stress hormones.
Different levels of exercise (50-200 W) were produced by a bicycle ergometer. In all six subjects the heart rate and blood pressure were increased with increasing work load. Dental pain thresholds tended to increase with increasing work load, too. Plasma ACTH levels were above the normal range during the whole experiment in all subjects, whereas plasma cortisol and prolactin levels were elevated only in one subject. Growth hormone levels had a tendency to elevation at 200 W. There was no correlation between the release of cortisol, prolactin or ACTH and the dental pain threshold elevation. However, there was significant correlation between the release of growth hormone and the dental pain threshold elevation. The results indicate that physical exercise at submaximal work loads is enough to produce a pain threshold elevation in some subjects, with a minor coactivation of stress mechanisms.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Validation of the cuff pedestal technique for rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) deprivation by electrophysiological recordings.
Twenty-four-hour recordings of electrophysiological correlates of the sleep-waking cycle in the rat were performed during different stages of cuff pedestal treatment. It was found that rats adapted to live on pedestals with the cuff raised displayed undisturbed patterns of sleep and wakefulness. Lowering the cuff for three days resulted in virtually total disappearance of rapid eye movement sleep (REMs), while slow wave sleep (SWs) was only slightly reduced. Raising the cuff induced a prominent rebound increase of REMs. These results accord with data obtained by means of the conventional flowerpot procedure and corroborate the validity of the cuff pedestal technique.
Animals↗
Effects of ethyl alcohol on hypothalamic affective defense in the cat.
Hypothalamic stimulation was used to elicit affective defense in the cat. The behavior was recorded by direct observation and a video tape recorder, and different components thereof were evaluated on a rating scale. The effect of ethyl alcohol, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg body weight, on behavior was studied. Doses of 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg had no clear effect; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg depressed the majority of the rated components.
Aggression↗
Affinity partitioning.
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Coloring Agents↗