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Biomedical subjects

G Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to G Johansson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Recombinant human growth hormone treatment in short children with chronic renal disease, before transplantation or with functioning renal transplants: an interim report on five European studies.

Growth retardation is common in children with chronic renal disease. Final adult height is often reduced, even in children with a functioning renal transplant. The five European studies considered here aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone therapy (rhGH) in two groups of short children with chronic renal disease. The first group comprises 29 prepubertal children with preterminal chronic renal failure (i.e. before renal transplantation), and the second group comprises 39 prepubertal and pubertal children with functioning renal transplants. The median bone age retardation in the groups at the start of treatment was between 2.2 and 3.7 years; this did not change during the first year of treatment. This interim report concentrates on patients who have been treated for at least 1 year (i.e. 22 children from the first group, and 28 children from the transplant group (15 prepubertal and 13 pubertal children). The median height velocity increased from 4.8 cm/year to 10.0 cm/year in the first group (the chronic renal failure group), from 2.6 cm/year to 6.2 cm/year in prepubertal children with renal transplants and from 3.8 cm/year to 6.7 cm/year in pubertal children with renal transplants. The corresponding changes in height velocity SDS were from -1.3 to 5.1 for the chronic renal failure group and -2.8 to 2.3 for the prepubertal children with renal transplants. Renal function declined in the chronic renal failure group but this decline corresponded to expected progression of the disease. Some of the children with renal transplants showed a decreased renal function, which in most cases was explained by non-compliance or chronic rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The influence of barley fibre on bile composition, gallstone formation, serum cholesterol and intestinal morphology in hamsters.

Frequency of gallstones, concentration of bile acids and cholesterol in bile, concentration of cholesterol in serum, and structure of the small intestinal mucosa were analyzed in male Syrian Golden hamsters fed a stone provoking fibre-free diet with or without supplementation of brewer's spent grain (BSG), a concentrated barley fibre source from the by-product of brewing. A significantly lower frequency of gallstones was found in the animals with 10% BSG dietary supplementation. Addition of 30% BSG after an initial 6-week period with a fibre-free, stone provoking diet seemed to dissolve previously formed gallstones. Total bile acid concentration was higher in bile from animals given a diet supplemented with 10% BSG. In addition, the cholesterol concentration in both serum and bile was lower in the 30% BSG supplemented group. Structurally, a 10% BSG supplementation decreased ileal epithelium height whereas a high supplementation (30%) of BSG induced a decrease in epithelial height both of jejunal and ileal mucosa. The results show that BSG has significant effects on the metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol as well as on the morphology of the small intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Testosterone elevates pituitary prolactin content of long-term castrated rats under constant but not under periodic light.

Intact and castrated male rats were kept for 1 week under constant or periodic light, during which time they received daily injections of either vehicle or testosterone propionate (125 or 250 micrograms day-1). Immediately after the experiment the rats were decapitated and serum and pituitary prolactin were measured radioimmunologically. The pituitary prolactin content was decreased after castration in both lighting conditions. Daily testosterone injections elevated the pituitary prolactin content of the castrated rats to the level of the intact rats in constant-light conditions but were ineffective under periodic light. Serum prolactin concentrations were not affected by constant light. We have previously shown that testosterone decreases the serum luteinizing hormone concentration of castrated rats more effectively under constant than under periodic light. In the present study we showed that serum prolactin was not elevated in constant light and thus could not be the cause of increased testosterone sensitivity. We also showed that testosterone elevates the pituitary prolactin content of castrated rats under constant but not under periodic light. This finding gives further support to the hypothesis that constant light sensitizes the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of castrated male rats to the effects of testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lighting conditions affect serum and pituitary TSH in male rats.

It has been reported that periodicity of lighting plays a role in the regulation of the function of the hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. We studied whether other properties of lighting influence the levels of pituitary and serum thyrotropin (TSH) in adult male rats. The animals were reared 7 days under various lighting conditions, then trunk blood and adenohypophyses were collected at different times of the day, and TSH was measured radioimmunologically. In natural lighting conditions the diurnal variation of plasma and pituitary TSH levels was abolished, and the overall levels of plasma TSH were higher and those of pituitary TSH lower than in ordinary laboratory lighting conditions. The intensity of lighting affected the serum TSH levels; daytime serum TSH decreased in the rats under low daytime illuminances and in those under nighttime twilight instead of darkness. Changing the rate of the lighting transition at dawn and dusk had no influence on the TSH patterns. We conclude that, in addition to periodicity, other features of lighting affect the daily secretion patterns of TSH.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Limitation of myocardial infarct size by superoxide dismutase as an adjunct to reperfusion after different durations of coronary occlusion in the pig.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been documented to limit myocardial infarct size in the richly collateralized dog heart. This study was designed to explore this concept in a low-collateralized animal model. A blind, randomized, placebo-controlled protocol was used in 65 pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs subjected to closed-chest left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 (n = 22), 60 (n = 22), and 90 (n = 14) minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24 hours from the start of occlusion. Another seven control pigs were subjected to 24 hours of permanent occlusion. A total dose of 9 mg/kg bovine CuZn SOD was administered as a bolus injection immediately before reperfusion followed by a 1-hour infusion. Infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium staining. Myocardium at risk and collateral flow were determined by using cerium-141-labeled microspheres (15 microns) during the occlusion. After 30 minutes of occlusion, infarct sizes in placebo versus SOD-treated animals were 45.5 +/- 15.7% vs. 23.8 +/- 15.6% of myocardium at risk (p = 0.007). The corresponding values after 60 minutes of occlusion were 78.6 +/- 9.3% vs. 66.9 +/- 14.6% (p = 0.035). SOD administered after 90 minutes of occlusion did not limit infarct size (88.5 +/- 4.8% vs. 92.3 +/- 5.2%). Twenty-four hours of coronary occlusion resulted in infarction of 92.4 +/- 4.2% of myocardium at risk. (All values are mean +/- SD.) Ventricular fibrillation occurred in only nine pigs distributed equally between SOD and placebo. The results indicate that CuZn SOD has the potential to further improve the myocardial salvage established by reperfusion of an ischemic pig heart territory. However, the narrow time window for limiting infarct size in the pig by reperfusion is not much extended by SOD.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Behavioral and psychophysiological effects of the physical work environment. Research strategies and measurement methods.

An international course on the behavioral and psychophysiological effects of the physical work environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in April 1988 by the Nordic Institute of Advanced Training in Occupational Health and the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Health. It dealt primarily with the behavioral and psychophysiological responses to aspects of the physical work environment and was devoted to neural and behavioral functions. The increasing interest in these functions is mainly motivated by the involvement of the central nervous system in the adverse effects induced by unfavorable environmental conditions of the workplace and by the need for more sensitive indicators than those based solely on recognized occupational disease and pathology. By describing the main aspects of the research strategies and the measurement methods used in this field of research, this paper provides a background for the assessment and evaluation of the early behavioral and psychophysiological indices of potential occupational hazards.

Affect↗
PubMed1990

Separation processes in biotechnology. Aqueous two-phase separations.

Aqueous two-phase systems are useful for separation of a wide range of water-compatible substances (from peptides to cells). The selectivity of the separation normally increases with the size of the partitioned molecules or particles. The partition and separation capacity can be influenced in a number of ways, including electric charge, hydrophobicity, or specific ligand binding. Because of the simpleness in operation and high capacity, aqueous two-phase systems are well suited for large-scale purification of biomaterials such as enzymes and other specific proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Aqueous two-phase systems for biotechnical use.

The different kinds of aqueous two-phase systems for accepted or potential use in biotechnology are summarized. Some properties of interest for the extractive use are discussed.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1990

Respiratory function in chronic primary fibromyalgia.

Since patients with severe chronic primary fibromyalgia (CPF) report effort dyspnoea, respiratory function was studied in 87 consecutive women with CPF according to Yunus' criteria. Bernstein spirometry, maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures were obtained in patients, and in a reference group of 61 healthy women. MIP was considerably lower in patients than in controls (3.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.2 kPa, p less than 0.0001), as was MEP (3.1 +/- 2.1 vs. 8.3 +/- 2.2 kPa, p less than 0.0001). Patients who had previously reported dyspnoea at a bicycle exercise test showed significantly lower values of respiratory pressures than patients without dyspnoea. Respiratory pressures were reproducibly low in CPF patients. Spirometric values were normal among patients and controls. We conclude that maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressures are low in CPF, a finding which may indicate respiratory muscle dysfunction in this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Heterogeneity of a crude synaptosomal preparation, studied by affinity partitioning using hexaethonium-poly(ethylene glycol).

The heterogeneity of a synaptosomal preparation was studied by the use of affinity partitioning in combination with centrifugal counter-current distribution. Hexaethonium-poly(ethyleneglycol) was used as the extracting agent. The fractions were analyzed for: light scattering, protein, choline acetyltransferase, L-glutamate decarboxylase, glutamine synthetase, 2',3'-cyclicnucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase, acetylcholinesterase and succinate dehydrogenase. The material was fractionated into three main fractions which differed in their content of marker-enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Studies of protein-protein interaction using countercurrent distribution in aqueous two-phase systems. Partition behaviour of six Calvin-cycle enzymes from a crude spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast extract.

The partition behaviour of six enzymes of the Calvin cycle in extracts of chloroplasts from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) between two aqueous phases has been studied by countercurrent distribution. The enzymes showed distribution patterns which indicate heterogeneity and the presence of two or three fractions of most of the enzymes. When two of the enzymes, phosphoglycerate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, were partitioned in both purified and partially purified form, they behaved like homogeneous substances. These results indicate that countercurrent distribution of crude extracts in aqueous two-phase systems is a useful method to study protein-protein interaction.

Brassica↗
PubMed1989

Surgery in patients with von Willebrand's disease.

The risk of bleeding complications in the surgical treatment of patients with von Willebrand's disease has been evaluated. Sixty-four major surgical procedures were performed in 51 patients with various forms of von Willebrand's disease. In 18 cases, the bleeding disorder was unknown at the time of surgery, resulting in bleeding complications in 12 cases (67 per cent). Forty-five operations were carried out in patients in whom the diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease was known at the time of surgery. In these patients, the following haemostatic preparations were given: factor concentrate, fresh plasma, tranexamic acid and desmopressin. Haemostatic complications occurred in three of these operations (6.7 per cent); all were managed easily. No mortality was observed. It is concluded that patients with von Willebrand's disease do not carry an increased operative risk if appropriate precautions are taken.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation depresses plasma FSH and LH in castrated rats.

In castrated Wistar rats four days of Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REMs) deprivation by the cuff pedestal method induced decrements in plasma LH and FSH. The adenohypophyseal levels of these hormones were decreased in the REMs-deprived rats and in the control rats kept on pedestals with the supporting cuff in the elevated position as compared with the home-cage control rats. The results are discussed in terms of regional brain metabolic activity and transmission.

Animals↗