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Biomedical subjects

G James

Publications and source records attributed to G James.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Protein fatty acylation: a novel mechanism for association of proteins with membranes and its role in transmembrane regulatory pathways.

A wide range of proteins of cellular and viral origin have been shown to be modified covalently by long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies have revealed at least two distinct types of protein fatty acylation which involve different fatty acyltransferases. The abundant fatty acid, palmitate, is incorporated post-translationally through a thiol ester linkage into a variety of cell surface glycoproteins and non-glycosylated intracellular proteins. In contrast, the rare fatty acid, myristate, is incorporated co-translationally through an amide linkage into numerous intracellular proteins. Identification of proteins that contain covalent fatty acids has revealed that this modification is common to a broad array of proteins that play important roles in transmembrane regulatory pathways. For many of these proteins, the fatty acid moiety appears to play an important role in directing the polypeptide to the appropriate membrane and in mediating protein-protein interactions within the membrane. This review will summarize recent studies that define different pathways for protein fatty acylation and will consider the potential functions for this unique covalent modification of proteins.

Acylation↗
PubMed1987

Comprehensive care of patients with head injuries.

The comprehensive head injury service run by the neurosurgeons at the Hull Royal Infirmary for the surrounding population of one million was analysed. The analysis showed that all patients with either a fractured skull or a lowered level of consciousness should be admitted to a district general hospital because the associated risk of their having a major head injury is over 20%. Those patients with both a fractured skull and a lowered level of consciousness have a 60% likelihood of a major head injury and should be transferred immediately to the neurosurgical unit. Patients with compound or complicated fractures of the skull and those without fractured skulls but with neurological impairment persisting for four hours or more, should also be transferred to the neurosurgical unit. If these guidelines are followed about 200 patients/million population will be referred to the neurosurgical centre. Patients with a minor head injury and none of the clinical risk factors may safely be sent home. This should reduce the rate of admissions to hospital for head injuries by 60%.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1987

Sequential changes in plasma luteinizing hormone and plasma prorenin during the menstrual cycle.

Prorenin, the enzymatically inactive biosynthetic precursor of renin, is secreted by the kidneys. However, the ovaries appear to be the source of the cyclical increase in plasma prorenin that occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. In this study we examined the temporal relationship between changes in plasma prorenin and LH in normal women to determine whether ovarian prorenin secretion might be stimulated by LH. Blood was collected from nine normal women daily for 7 days in the midcycle period and from six of them every 8 h on 6 of these days. Time zero was taken as the highest plasma LH value. The initial rise in LH (-24 h) preceded the initial rise in prorenin (-8 h) and the LH peak preceded the prorenin peak by 8-16 h. These sequential increases in plasma LH and prorenin occurred in the presence of high plasma estradiol levels. While LH fell in parallel with estradiol, the prorenin peak was more sustained and plasma prorenin remained above baseline at 40 and 48 h, at a time when both estradiol and LH had reached a new basal level. These results suggest that gonadotropins stimulate ovarian prorenin release. The timing of the changes in plasma prorenin and its presence in high concentrations in ovarian follicular fluid suggest that prorenin may be involved in the process of ovulation. The results also suggest that changes in plasma prorenin may determine the activity of an ovarian renin system that functions independently of circulating active renin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Sarcoidosis].

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Female↗
PubMed1979

Beta-thromboglobulin and the diagnosis of thrombosis in elderly patients.

The plasma concentration of beta-thromboglobulin was estimated in elderly in-patients using a radio-immuno-assay technique. There were highly significance differences between the mean values of patients with arterial or venous thrombosis, as compared with controls. The ability of the test to detect thrombosis above the inguinal ligament means that it is a useful addition to the existing battery of tests for detecting thrombosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The effectiveness of sickle cell counseling.

Patients received information about hemoglobinopathies before blood testing. Those in whom sickle cell trait was confirmed were counseled. Then, this group responded to a questionnaire to evaluate understanding and retention of information about sickle cell disease. Ninety percent correct responses were obtained on general information. However, only 70 percent correct responses were received on questions about genetics. Modifications of techniques of sickle cell counseling are suggested by these results.

Adolescent↗