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Biomedical subjects

G Jacobson

Publications and source records attributed to G Jacobson.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical markers for alcoholism: sensitivity problems.

A panel of blood tests, purportedly markers for alcohol abuse, were examined in 543 relatively healthy alcoholics entering ambulatory rehabilitation treatment. Individual tests were too low in sensitivity: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was abnormally high in only 49%, then mean corpuscular volume (45%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (25%), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (28%), and blood alcohol (21%). HDLC was of low sensitivity, generally unaffected by liver disease, and related to quantitation of recent alcohol consumed. Combining seven markers, 82% of males and 71% females had at least one abnormally high value. Histories of heavy recent drinking, positive blood alcohol levels on admission, and manifest liver disease on physical examination or by hyperbilirubinemia were associated with high sensitivities of individual and pooled markers. The biochemical markers studied can be useful to suggest alcohol abuse, especially in some populations of drivers. In other populations of alcoholics, especially with intermittent alcohol or recent abstinence, their sensitivities were so low as to discourage extensive reliance on their use. The diagnosis of alcoholism continues to depend on clinical history of alcohol-related problems, including social, familial, legal, medical, psychological, and economic.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A first estimate of ground water ages for the deep aquifer of the Kathmandu Basin, Nepal, using the radioisotope chlorine-36.

The Kathmandu Basin in Nepal contains up to 550 m of Pliocene-Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine sediments which have formed a dual aquifer system. The unconfined sand and gravel aquifer is separated by a clay aquitard, up to 200 m thick, from the deeper, confined aquifer, comprised of Pliocene sand and gravel beds, intercalated with clay, peat, and lignite. The confined aquifer currently provides an important water supply to the central urban area but there are increasing concerns about its sustainability due to overexploitation. A limited number of determinations of the radioisotope 36Cl have been made on bore waters in the basin, allowing us to postulate on the age of ground water in the deeper, confined aquifer. Ground water evolution scenarios based on radioisotope decay, gradual dissolution of formational salts as the ground waters move downgradient, and flow velocity estimations produce comparable ground water ages for the deep waters, ranging from 200,000 to 400,000 years. From these ages, we deduce a mean ground water flow velocity of only 45 mm/year from recharge in the northeast to the main extraction region 15 km to the southwest. We thus estimate current recharge at about 5 to 15 mm/year, contributing 40,000 to 1.2 million m3/year to the ground water system. Current ground water extraction is estimated to be 20 times this amount. The low specific discharge confirms that the resource is being mined, and, based on current projections, reserves will be used up within 100 years.

Chlorine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying and responding to children's stressful experiences.

Children's pictorial and verbal descriptions of stressful life events are described. Suggestions for recognizing behaviors indicative of children's experiences with stressful life experiences and strategies for intervention are presented.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The meaning of stressful life experiences in nine- to eleven-year-old children: a phenomenological study.

The meaning of stressful life experiences was explored in 14 children, 9 to 11 years of age, using the phenomenological method. Data from audiotaped interviews were analyzed using the methodological approach of Giorgi. The children identified 17 categories of situations concentrated within three principal dimensions: feelings of loss, feelings of threat to self, and feelings of being hassled. The participants indicated that experiences related to loss, although infrequent, were of great consequence in their lives. The interviews demonstrated the frequency of situations that evoke feelings of threat to self or create hassles in children's lives.

Child↗