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Biomedical subjects

G J Spector

Publications and source records attributed to G J Spector.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Later stages of development of the periotic duct and its adjacent area in the human fetus.

The later stages of development (16-40 weeks in utero) of the periotic duct and its adjacent areas in the human fetus indicate that the critical stages of development occur in four specific time related stages over a six-week period (20-26 weeks). First, the petrous apex ossifies to separate th inferior cochlear vein into the canal of Cotugno and forms the medial wall of the cochlear aqueduct (22 weeks); second, the canalicular otic capsule fuses with the cochlear otic capsule to obliterate Hyrtl fissure and forms of the lateral wall of the cochlear aqueduct (24 weeks); third, progressive bone deposition to the medial surface of the membranous labyrinth and cochlea at the petrous apex elongates the periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct (32 weeks in utero); and fourth, active arachnoid tissue ingrowth into the periotic duct occurs at 20-24 weeks and 34-40 weeks in utero. The terminal event is widening of the CNS opening of the periotic duct at 32 weeks in utero. The periotic duct and cochlear aqueduct length increase with gestation from 25 weeks until term. The periotic duct width remains the same throughout the gestation. The cochlear aqueduct width diminishes with gestational age. The periotic duct remains patent throughout 16-40 weeks in utero.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1979

The ultrastructural cytochemistry of peroxisomes in the guinea pig cochlea: a metabolic hypothesis for the stria vascularis.

The roles of catalase and alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase activities are studied in the peroxisomes of the guinea pig inner ear. The major activities are located primarily in the intermediate cells of the stria vascularis. The peroxisomes of the stria vascularis behave cytochemically in a similar fashion to those found in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. This study indicates that the stria vascularis may behave as a compartmentalized metabolic system.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1978

Fetal respiratory distress causing CNS and inner ear hemorrhage.

Fifty-two consecutive temporal bones of infants who died neonatally, or in utero of natural causes, were studied. Complete autopsies were performed. Twenty-eight infants had a variety of pulmonary disorders which resulted in severe respiratory distress prior to their death. Of these, the majority had bleeding intracranially and into the inner ear. There were five major pathways of central nervous system and subarachnoid hemorrhage involvement of the inner ear: 1) the modiolus, 2) cochlear aqueduct, 3) retrograde via the cochlear vein, 4) episodes of spontaneous bleeding into various compartments of the inner ear, and 4) hemorrhage via the otic capsule. The remaining 24 infants died of other natural causes. Two had CNS bleeding with no extension to the inner ear. We propose that there is a syndrome which consists of 1) neonatal respiratory distress, 2) intracranial hemorrhage, and 3) bleeding into the inner ear--an extension of a subarachnoid or subependymal matrix bleeding diathesis.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1977

External auditory canal stricture secondary to epidermolysis bullosa.

A 24-year-old woman had epidermolysis bullosa simplex involving the external ear canal with resultant stricture that led to conductive hearing loss and repeated episodes of external otitis. Treatment consisted of scar excision, bony canal enlargement, and split-thickness skin grafting. A four-year follow-up has demonstrated no recurrence of disease. Mechanobullous diseases are characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membrane following frictional trauma. In addition, the external ear may be deformed. Intraoral scarring may result in limitation of the mouth's opening. Dysphagia may occur secondarily to esophageal scarring. Endotracheal tubation may result in postoperative blisters necessitating tracheostomy. Even surgical scrubbing and use of skin tape may lead to blister formation. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the numerous problems these patients present.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Endolymphatic sac surgery for hearing conservation in Meniere disease.

Thirty-five patients with Meniere disease underwent endolymphatic sac decompression and drainage with a Silastic sac-mastoid shunt. On the basis of patients' responses to a questionnaire and on analysis of preoperative and postoperative audiometric studies, we found the method to be an effective means for conservation or improvement of hearing and for relief of vertigo in patients with positive glycerol tests. Of the 35 patients, eight had negative glycerol tests and did not benefit from surgery (P less than .001). Of the 27 patients with positive glycerol tests, 70.4% (19) had no further vertigo, and 18,5% (5) had decreased frequency or severity of attacks (an overall relief of vertigo in 88.9%). Hearing was improved in 16 (59.2%) and stabilized in five (18.5%). Subjectively, 85.2% (23/35) of the patients were satisfied with the hearing results of their operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Liposarcoma of the larynx: a multicentric or a metastatic malignancy.

The third case of liposarcoma of the larynx, this one arising from the preepiglottic space, is presented. The report is unique in so far as the patient previously had been treated for a liposarcoma in another anatomic region. The diagnosis in this case was in doubt until electron microscopic studies were done. Since the histopathology of the laryngeal and the previous liposarcoma were different, the question of metastasis versus multicentricity was raised. Other discussions of liposarcomas over the past three decades have not resolved this aspect of their behavior completely. In this instance, after considering avenues of metastatic spread in conjuction with the histopathology, it would appear that the laryngeal lesion was a second primary and not a metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Surgical obliteration and silastic arthroplasty of the canine cricoarytenoid joint.

The effects of surgical trauma on the cricoarytenoid joint were analyzed using canine models. The cricoarytenoid joints of seven dogs were surgically disrupted. In four of the dogs an arthroplasty with silastic implantation was simultaneously performed. The histologic findings and the unsuccessful functional results are presented and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cytomegalovirus endolabyrinthitis.

A premature male infant, who died 22 days after birth with hyaline membrane disease, was found to have had cytomegalic inclusion disease at autopsy. Histopathologic examination of the temporal bones showed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the entire endolabyrinth without involvement of the neural and sensory structures. These findings support the thesis that late gestational or perinatal fetal CMV infection results in an endolymphatic labyrinthitis. We hypothesize that blood-borne virus passes from the stria vascularis into the endolymphatic spaces and infects the nonneurosensory epithelium. This pattern of infection differs from the perilabyrinthitis of human varicellazoster and experimentally produced mouse CMV.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1977

Leucine and alanine aminopeptidase activities in experimentally induced intradermal granulomas and late stages of wound healing in the rat.

The role of leucine and alanine aminopeptidases is studied in two discrete biologic systems: experimental late stages of wound healing and carrageenan-induced intradermal granulomas in the rat. In the wound healing rats, the proliferating granulation tissue and serum have high quantities of aminopeptidase activity which correlate positively with the degree of fibroblastic activity. Starch gel electrophoresis demonstrates that in fibroblasts there are at least three groups of aminopeptidases: two isoenzymes are secreted or released into the blood serum and the third is membrane bound in the cytoplasm. The carrageenan intradermal granuloma is an inflammatory reaction rich in mononuclear phagocyte cells and macrophages. Elevated tissue levels of aminopeptidases are directly related to the degree of cellularity of the granuloma. Serum aminopeptidase levels remain normal. Starch gel electrophoretic studies of the granuloma demonstrate that the tissue-bound isoenzyme is the main component. This study indicates that fibroblasts and macrophages produce different quantities of aminopeptidase isoenzymes. In the former they are released or secreted into the serum and in the latter they are membrane bound.

Alanine↗
PubMed1976

Neurologic manifestations of glomus tumors in the head and neck.

In 75 patients with glomus tumors in the head and neck region, 57 tumors arose from the jugular bulb region, 11 from the middle ear, and seven from the vagus nerve. Thirty-seven percent (28 patients) had cranial nerve paralysis, and 14.6% (11) had intracranial tumor extension. The jugular foramen syndrome was associated with a 50% (two of four patients) incidence, and hypoglossal nerve paralysis with a 75% (three of four) incidence of posterior fossa tumor invasion. Horner syndrome and labyrinthine destruction had a 50% (two of four) incidence of a middle cranial fossa tumor invasion. The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) invasion with cranial nerve paralysis (excluding the seventh nerve) was 52% (11 of 21). Otologic findings and seventh nerve paralysis did not correlate with CNS tumor extension.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1976

Pre and post-glycerol special audiometric tests battery results in endolymphatic hydrops.

The glycerol test for endolymphatic hydrops was administered to 17 patients exhibiting classical symptoms of Meniere's disease. A complete battery of audiometric tests including the SISI, TTD (Rosenberg variation). ABLB, Sweep Frequency Bekesy, two tests of speech discrimination (Rush Hughes and Northwestern), and air and bone conduction thresholds were administered pre and post-glycerol ingestion in order to determine the effect of osmotic diuresis. Improvement in pure-tone sensitivity and speech discrimination scores were most often observed. Among the special audiometric tests only the SISI scores exhibited changes, however, these could be related to the threshold changes. There were no significant differences observed in the threshold tone decay tests nor in the ABLB. The sweep frequency Bekesy test revealed only the changes which were observed in pure-tone sensitivity.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of therapeutic modalities of glomus tumors in the temporal bone.

Seventy-seven patients with glomus tumors involving the temporal bone were treated by surgery, irradiation, and combined therapy. The therapeutic success rate for the surgery group was 91 percent for glomus tympanicum and 78 percent for glomus jugulare tumors. The success rate for radiation therapy was 30% in glomus jugulare tumors. Patients with extensive lesions treated by combined therapy had a therapeutic success rate of 60 percent. The clinical response of glomus jugulare tumors to radiation therapy was 65 percent. Surgery appears to be the best method for eradication of the tumors; however, with large extensive lesions, combined therapy offers a better prognosis than either modality alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The role of aminopeptidases in inflammatory and neoplastic tissues.

The role of leucine andalanine aminopeptidases is stidued in three different biologic systems: experimental wound healing in the rat, experimental carrageenan induced intraderman granulomas in the rat, and human laryngeal carcinomas. The wound healing experiments indicate that the proliferating granulation tissue has high quantities of aminopeptidases activity which is residing primarily intracellularly in granulocytes, macrophages, mast cells fibroblasts, and new budding vessels. The quantititave levels of tissue aminopeptidases correlate positively with the degree of cellularity of the wound and fibroblastic activity. Some aminopeptidases (isoenzymes) are secreted or released by the fibroblasts in be blood serum. Starch gel electrophoretic analysis demonstrates thses with different concentrations and migration rates. Two are probably released or secreted into the serum, and th third is membranous bound in the cytoplasm (lysosomal). The carrageenan intradermal granuloma demonstrates a different inflammatory reaction which is rich in macrophages and produces a different pattern of aminopeptidases activity. Macrophages produce a high tissue level of aminopeptidase activity which is intracellular bound and not readily leached out into the serum. Gel electrophoresis studies of aminopeptidases produced by the granuloma demonstrate that the tissue bound enzyme is the main component. In addition, there appears to be a mechanism, which is not understood, for specific induction or activation of lysosomal proteolytic and carbohydrase enzymes. This mechanism is dependent on the nature of composition of the injuring agent. Laryngeal carcinomas demonstrate high tissue homogenate levels and normal serum levels of aminopeptidase activities. These enzymes are located in the tumor stroma. They are not directly related to tumor invasiveness but to the degree of stromal proliferation. The tumor stroma behaves as though it were a non-healing wound constantly secreted proteolytic enzymes (aminopeptidases). A major problem that needs to be resolved is to find the operating mechanism by which malignant cells interact with their constantly proliferating fibroblastic stroma.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1976

The efficacy of "conservative" medical regimens on the rate of hearing losses in Meniere's syndrome: a retrospective computerized statistical analysis.

The records of 47 patients with Ménière's syndrome were analyzed in a retrospective computerized study to determine the effect of different medical regimens on the long term course of hearing loss. Four treatment groups, including histamine (subcutaneous), other vasodilators (oral), vitamins, and untreated controls were examined. Results suggest that there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups in the rates or absolute level of hearing loss or SRT despite different therapeutic regimens. The ability of these agents to conserve hearing in patients with Ménière's syndrome remains unproven on the basis of clinical and laboratory evidence.

Adult↗