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Biomedical subjects

G J Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to G J Roberts.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental maturity in children with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare Dental Age (DA) of children with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa recessiva (DEBr) with the DA of healthy children. METHODS: Orthopantomographs (OPG's) of children with DEBr were compared with those of healthy children. Dental maturity was estimated using Dermirjian's method. A total of 48 pairs of OPG's were compared. RESULTS: There was a considerable range of variation in the difference between the chronological age and the dental age of both groups. This varied from minus 2 years 8 months to plus 3 years for the control children and minus 3 years 1 month to plus 3 years 4 months for the DEBr children. Despite this wider range the average DA of children with DEBr was statistically significantly delayed by 2 years 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The delay in dental developmental of children with DEBr may have an impact on the clinical management of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental disease and caries related microflora in children with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate dental caries, bacterial dental plaque, gingivitis and caries related oral microflora in children with predominantly autosomal recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB). METHODS: Thirty children with DEB from The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and 31 control children matched for age, gender and ethnicity were included in the study. RESULTS: The main findings were: 1. A significantly greater mean dmft in the DEB children (p < 0.05). 2. A significantly greater mean plaque score for the DEB children for both the primary (p < 0.001) and permanent teeth (p < 0.02) compared with the control children. 3. A significantly greater mean gingivitis score for the DEB children for both the primary (p < 0.002) and permanent teeth (p < 0.0001) compared with the control children. 4. A significantly greater salivary total anaerobic count for the control children compared with the DEB children (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results reflect the difficulties that children with DEB have with basic oral hygiene procedures combined with slow oral clearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental disease indices and caries related oral microflora in children with phenylketonuria.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries, plaque and gingivitis indices and caries related oral flora in children with classic phenylketonuria. Forty-one children at The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and controls were included in the study. The main findings were: No significant difference in the decayed, missing and filled surfaces of the primary and permanent teeth between the phenylketonuria children and the controls. A significantly greater mean plaque score for the control children compared with the phenylketonuria children (p < 0.01) for the permanent teeth only. A significantly greater number of white opacities in the permanent teeth of the phenylketonuria group compared with the control group (p < 0.02). No significant differences in the caries related microflora.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some aspects of compound and complex odontomes in children.

Odontomes are essentially benign lesions; however, they can have locally harmful effects on the developing dentition. Early diagnosis and treatment can therefore be of considerable benefit to child patients. The authors outline the clinical technique for management of odontomes, and describe how prompt referral facilitated the treatment of 14 young patients.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental disease, caries related microflora and salivary IgA of children with severe congenital cardiac disease: an epidemiological and oral microbial survey.

The objectives were to determine levels of dental caries, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, knowledge of dental health practices, and oral bacterial loading of S. mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Candida sp., and salivary IgA in the mouths of children afflicted with severe congenital heart disease. A total of 60 children from the cardiac units of the Hospital for Sick Children and Guys Hospital Paediatric Department were compared with 60 case-matched control children from the Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, UMDS (Guys Dental School), London. Using the methodology of the World Health Organization, the decayed, missing and filled surfaces and teeth of primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) were compared. There were similar levels of caries in the cardiac (dmft 3.9 and DMFT 2.7) and the control (dmft 3.7 and DMFT 2.0). A significant difference was the proportion of untreated carious lesions in the cardiac group (52%) compared to the control group (32%; P < 0.001). Standard oral microbiological techniques were used to isolate S. mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Candida sp., and conventional methods for estimating salivary IgA. There was no difference between the cardiac and the control group. Children with severe congenital cardiac disease have moderately high levels of dental caries with a significantly greater amount of untreated disease. The high bacterial loading associated with high levels of bacterial dental plaque and gingivitis may put cardiac patients at unnecessary risk of developing bacterial endocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia of dental origin and antimicrobial sensitivity following oral surgical procedures in children.

METHODS: The prevalence and intensity of bacteremia of dental origin were examined in 207 children divided into four groups: a baseline with no surgical intervention (group I), after a single tooth extraction (group II), multiple tooth extraction (group III), and mucoperiosteal flap elevation (group IV). The bacterial isolates were grown using a broth culture (Bactec) and lysis centrifugation (Paediatric Isolator) techniques. Dental plaque deposits, gingivitis, spontaneous gingival bleeding and the presence/absence of a dental abscess were recorded and their relationship to bacteremia assessed. RESULTS: The broth culture was positive for group I 11% of the time, group II for 43%, group III for 54%, and group IV for 43%. The Paediatric Isolator system was found to be a poor method for detecting bacteremia, having only one quarter the sensitivity of the broth culture technique. When organisms were isolated, the intensity of bacteremia ranged from 1 to 3400 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL). Bacterial isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis, but erythromycin, gentamycin, penicillin G, and teicoplanin were only 80% (or less) effective in their efficacy while chlorhexidine, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were between 92 and 100% effective. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotics commonly used for an oral and/or parenteral prophylaxis are likely to be effective on at least 80% of occasions with most of them effective on 100% of occasions.

Amoxicillin↗