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Biomedical subjects

G J Liu

Publications and source records attributed to G J Liu.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Changes in basic fibroblast growth factor in lung injury induced by combined injury].

In this study, we have investigated the changes of basic fibroblast growth factor after lung injury. Acute lung injury was produced by combination injury (burn and blast injury). Basic fibroblast growth factor was isolated from lung tissue. Mitogenic activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA by confluent cultures of 3T3 cells. The result revealed that the level of basic fibroblast growth factor was elevated significantly in 1, 3, 5 days after lung injury. On 7th days after injury, the basic fibroblast growth factor was not detected. The findings suggest that basic fibroblast growth factor takes an important role in lung injury and repair. The mechanism of elevation of basic fibroblast growth factor in the lung after injury was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain.

Free radical-mediated oxidative damage has been implicated in tissue injury resulting from ischemia/reperfusion events. Global cortical ischemia/reperfusion injury to Mongolian gerbil brains was produced by transient occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Protein oxidation, as measured by protein carbonyl content, increased significantly during the reperfusion phase that followed 10 min of ischemia. The activity of glutamine synthetase, an enzyme known to be inactivated by metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions, decreased to 65% of control levels after 2 hr of reperfusion that followed 10 min of ischemia. We also report that the free radical spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone [300 mg/kg (body weight)] administered 60 min before ischemia/reperfusion is initiated, partially prevents protein oxidation and protects from loss of glutamine synthetase activity. In addition, we report a N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone-dependent nitroxide radical obtained in the lipid fraction of the ischemia/reperfusion-lesioned brains, but there was very little radical present in the comparable sham-operated control brains. These data strengthen the previous observation utilizing in vivo-trapping methods, that free radical flux is increased during the reperfusion phase of the ischemia-lesioned gerbil brain. The loss of glutamine synthetase would be expected to increase the levels of brain L-glutamate. Thus, the oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase may be a critical factor in the neurotoxicity produced after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Peroxidation induced changes in synaptosomal transport of dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

The effects of iron-dependent peroxidation on respiration and neurotransmitter transport of brain nerve endings has been studied. Rat brain synaptosomes were peroxidized by exposure to an ADP-Fe/ascorbate system and the protective effect of added Se, Cd, or Zn was investigated with regard to dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport. Peroxidation impaired the respiration of synaptosomes by about 20% and caused a marked increase in dopamine uptake; but in contrast, peroxidation induced a large decrease in synaptosomal uptake of GABA. The increased dopamine transport into synaptosomes was partially prevented by the presence of Zn, Se, or Cd. The presence of Zn, Cd, or Se, in order of decreasing effectiveness, also slowed down ADP-Fe/ascorbate mediated peroxidation of synaptosomes. Peroxidation caused a significant inhibition of veratridine-dependent release of both dopamine and GABA from synaptosomes, but the KCl-dependent release of these neurotransmitters was not effected by peroxidation. These results implicate that peroxidation damage of nerve endings may lead to large changes in neurotransmitter transport thus resulting in an alteration in the function of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the controlled-release pellets of nifedipine].

Controlled-release pellets of nifedipine have been prepared and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo (in dogs and human bodies) tests in the study. The pellet-released drug fitted to a first-order process (K = 0.23 h-1) as wall as Higuchi's function (K = 37.05 h-1/2). After administration the concentration of these pellets was more steady than that of sustained-release pellets reported in dogs. It was also found to be steady in human. The concentration reached 20 ng/ml in about 10 minutes and stayed between 20-70 ng/ml within from 10 minutes to 15 hours. The bioavailability of the controlled-release pellets is a little higher than that of the conventional pellets. The pharmacokinetic character of nifedipine has primarily been explored in this article, and corresponds with a two-compartment model (t1/2 beta = 3.5 h).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term result in 61 patients with primary lung cancer treated by pneumonectomy].

Long-term result of 61 patients with primary lung cancer treated by pneumonectomy is reported. There were 55 males and 6 females. The ages ranged from 23 to 62 years with a mean of 47.7. Of these 61 patients, 49 died within ten years after pneumonectomy, 34 of them died of recurrence or metastasis and 8 of cardio-pulmonary diseases. The 5 and 10 year survival rates were 24.1% and 16%, significantly lower than those of 104 patients treated by lobectomy during the same period (42.6% and 33.3%), P less than 0.05). The 5 and 10 year survival rates of left pneumonectomy were statistically higher than those of right pneumonectomy (36.7% and 21.7% versus 8.3% and 9.5%, P less than 0.05). In this paper, the dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes and effect on postoperative cardiopulmonary functions are discussed. The postoperative radiotherapy, to the mediastinum, is advocated because thorough dissection of the mediastinal lymph nodes is very difficult. Sleeve-lobectomy instead of pneumonectomy is indicated for those patients with the tumor located in one lobe and the main bronchus involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hospital pharmacy practice in the People's Republic of China.

The practice of hospital pharmacy in the People's Republic of China is described. Since 1949, health care in China has improved. The number of hospitals has increased. While medicines previously were scarce, China now produces approximately 95% of the drugs it needs. China has a long history of traditional medicine; although there are attempts to integrate the concepts of traditional and Western medicine, the practices are still segregated. All hospital pharmacies in China have the responsibilities to guarantee the safe and effective use of drugs within the hospital and to do research. Even though Chinese factories manufacture many pharmaceutical products, the hospital pharmacy must manufacture many more. Hospitals have established Agreed Prescription programs, whereby drugs are manufactured in large batches, repackaged, and distributed to other hospital pharmacies in the area if needed. Quality is assessed chemically and by modern techniques when equipment is available. Most large hospitals now have automated facilities to manufacture sterile solutions. Each hospital has a medical supply committee that supervises the procurement of medical supplies and the reasonable use of drugs. A government resolution mandates that every hospital pharmacy do research. A primary focus of their research is the integration of traditional and Western medicine. Concepts of traditional and Western medicine are taught in separate pharmacy schools. Most pharmacy undergraduate programs are four years, but some schools recently changed to five years. Future challenges for hospital pharmacists in China are to develop the theoretical and technological knowledge of pharmacy, and to expand the scientific and technical information system that is necessary to do research.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of public awareness, understanding, and attitudes toward epilepsy in Henan province, China.

The awareness, understanding, and attitudes toward epilepsy in 1,278 men and women were surveyed in Henan, China in 1988. Results showed that 93% had read or heard about epilepsy; 77% knew someone who had epilepsy; 72% had seen someone who was having a seizure; 57% would object to having their children associate with persons with epilepsy in school or at play; 87% would object to having their children marry a person with epilepsy; 53% believed that epileptic persons should not be employed in jobs as other persons are; 16% believed that epilepsy was a form of insanity; 40% did not know the cause of epilepsy; 10% did not know what an epileptic attack was like; and 17% did not know what to recommend if their friends or relatives had epilepsy. The relationship between the responses and the respondents' age, sex, marital status, number of offspring, level of education, occupation, and residence was analyzed. Education reduced the respondent's prejudice against play and employment, but did not change their objection to marriage and appeared to have reinforced their linking epilepsy with insanity. As compared with the surveys conducted in Western countries, our survey showed that awareness of epilepsy in China was greater, if not the same, but the attitudes toward epilepsy were much more negative.

Adolescent↗