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Biomedical subjects

G I Dhall

Publications and source records attributed to G I Dhall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Microdose intravaginal levonorgestrel contraception: a multicentre clinical trial. IV. Bleeding patterns. World Health Organization. Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation.

A multicentred clinical trial was conducted in 12 countries to assess the contraceptive efficacy and side effects of a low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing vaginal ring. Contraceptive efficacy and side effects, expulsions and removals, and the relation between pregnancy rate and admission body weight of the women have been reported previously. The effect of ring use on vaginal bleeding patterns as observed from daily menstrual diaries kept by the women is the object of this paper. A total of 1005 women were fitted with the ring and 702 of them provided a menstrual diary suitable for analysis. The description of the bleeding patterns is made using a 90-day reference period approach and following the guidelines published by WHO. In addition the longest bleeding/spotting episode and longest bleeding/spotting-free interval are calculated over the entire diary length. Half of the ring users have vaginal bleeding patterns similar to normal untreated patterns. A quarter experience irregular bleeding, 10% have prolonged cycles and 10% have shortened cycles. Over one year of continuous use, there appears to be no significant trend in these patterns. Users with the worst bleeding patterns tend to discontinue first during the clinical trial and are influenced by their more recent experience of vaginal bleeding irregularities. Life-table analysis of discontinuation rates gives an underestimation of the true incidence of bleeding irregularities. Some comments are made on the limitations of the methods of analysis of menstrual diaries.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Short course chemotherapy for endometrial tuberculosis in infertile women.

A daily regimen of rifampicin (450 mg) and isoniazid (300 mg) was tried for 9 months in 14 women with histologically diagnosed endometrial tuberculosis (TB). Follow-up endometrial biopsies were negative for tubercular disease in all patients. Three (21.4%) of the 14 women conceived between 3 and 12 months after starting treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pregnancy with heart disease. Experience at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.

Pregnant patients with heart disease seen between 1980 and 1985 were studied. The incidence of heart disease in pregnancy was 1.3%. Rheumatic heart disease was the commonest lesion (78%), followed by congenital heart disease (18.7%). In the rheumatic heart disease group, mitral stenosis was the commonest lesion (71.54%), and patients who had been or were operated on for their heart disease had less severe dyspnoea and fewer complications. The mode of delivery and the foetal and maternal mortality did not differ significantly in operated and non operated patients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Mid-trimester abortion by extraamniotic Emcredil versus normal saline.

Data is presented for 40 mid-trimester abortions, induced by 0.1% Emcredil (Group 1--20 cases) and normal saline (Group 2--20 cases) by instillation in the extraamniotic space. It was observed that the 2 groups were comparable for age, parity and period of gestation. The mean induction-abortion interval was 18 hours 9 minutes in Group 1 and 19 hours 19 minutes in Group 2. Abortion was complete in 45% and 65% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. With a cutoff time of 30 hours, there were 3 failures, 1 in Group 1 and 2 in Group 2. The induction-abortion interval was significantly less in the more advanced pregnancies in the saline group. There was no complication in either of the 2 groups. It is hypothesized that normal saline also acts by damage of the decidual cells with liberation of prostaglandins locally. Also since normal saline is a cheap and easily available commodity with no contraindication for its use and no side-effects, it seems to hold a lot of promise for induction of mid-trimester abortion.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1988

Effect of maternal cardiac disease on perinatal outcome.

Perinatal outcome of 223 pregnancies complicated by maternal cardiac disease, over a 5-year period has been studied. Mean birth-weights of these babies were compared to the Institute's reference neonatal weight curves at different periods of gestation and found lower than the reference. The mean difference of 150 g was statistically significant. The incidence of prematurity, small for gestational age and perinatal mortality was analyzed according to the risk factors i.e. type, duration and severity of symptoms. The perinatal outcome was directly proportional to the severity of symptoms, irrespective of the type and duration of heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Childbirth following primary cesarean section--evaluation of a scoring system.

Of 1184 cases with previous cesarean section, 590 were selected for trial of vaginal delivery and 594 for repeat cesarean section. Of the former group, 76.6% had successful vaginal delivery. Incidence of uterine wound dehiscence and of perinatal mortality was highest in cases with primary classical cesarean section. Factors like indications for previous cesarean section, history of intercurrent vaginal delivery, weight of baby and period of gestation had positive correlation with delivery outcome.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1986

Pathological changes in fallopian tubes following three different kinds of occlusive techniques in primates.

A comparative evaluation of three different techniques (Madlener's, Wood's and Filshie Clip Mark IV) for female sterilization was carried out in adult female rhesus monkeys with the aim of finding out the efficacy and the extent of tissue damage in the fallopian tube. The severity of pathological changes would indicate the chances of future successful reversal. The experiment was carried out in two phases. In Phase-I, no post-operative antibiotics were given whereas in Phase-II in addition to post-operative antibiotics, two sham-operated controls were also kept. This study revealed that the Filshie's clip is associated with significantly (p less than 0.01-0.001) greater tissue damage of the fallopian tubes with formation of dense adhesions as compared to the Madlener's or Wood's technique. Further, Filshie's clip had slipped off from 4 tubes out of 14 tubes where it was applied.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Problems of rudimentary horn pregnancy.

Five cases of rudimentary horn pregnancy are discussed. Two presented as acute ruptured ectopic pregnancy, whereas in 3 the pregnancy was advanced and intact with intrauterine death of the fetuses. The diagnostic difficulties are discussed and in centres where ultrasound facilities are not available, a high index of suspicion in nonresponders to oxytocin induction is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Culdocentesis in tubal pregnancy.

Culdocentesis was carried out in 92 suspected cases of ectopic pregnancy and was positive in 90%. Laparotomy confirmed the accuracy of culdocentesis in 97.5% of the cases of acute tubal rupture, 87.5% of tubal abortions and 80% of 'intact' tubal pregnancies.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Effect of short-term and long-term treatment with a steroidal oral contraceptive on the intestinal absorption of nutrients in vitro in female rats.

The effect of steroidal oral contraceptive (SOC), comprising megestrol acetate (5 mg/kg body weight) plus ethinyl estradiol (0.05 mg/kg body weight), administered daily by stomach tube for 5, 15, 30 and 90 days, on the intestinal uptake of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and calcium has been investigated in vitro in female rats. The administration of SOC for 5 days did not affect the uptake of nutrients, but treatment for 15, 30 and 90 days led to a progressive and significant increase in the uptake of glucose and amino acids. The calcium uptake was increased in the groups treated for 5 and 15 days, but decreased after 30 and 90 days of treatment. Kinetic studies done on glucose uptake indicated that the steroid contraceptive might be inducing the transport carrier protein of this nutrient, as elevation in Vmax was observed in the group treated for 30 days. There was no change in brush border membrane phospholipid and cholesterol contents after 30 and 90 days of treatment, but a significant increase in phospholipid after 5 and 15 days of treatment was observed. This study suggests that SOC treatment significantly altered the intestinal absorptive functions and the effect appears to be on the carrier-mediated transport of glucose.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on intestinal digestive and absorptive functions in ovariectomized rats.

The effects of low and high doses of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone for 2 weeks on intestinal digestive and absorptive functions have been investigated in ovariectomized rats. The uptake of glucose was significantly enhanced following ovariectomy and administration of hormones restored the level of glucose uptake to that observed in sham-operated animals. Neither, the uptake of L-leucine nor calcium was affected after ovariectomy and treatment with the hormones. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) of ileum was significantly elevated with the low and high doses of 17 beta-estradiol but in jejunum only at high doses. Progesterone alone did not alter AP activity but the combination of this hormone and 17 beta-estradiol significantly enhanced the jejunal and ileal AP activities. It seems that activity of AP is mainly under the control of 17 beta-estradiol. The activity of ileal disaccharidases and leucine aminopeptidase were enhanced at high doses of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone whereas in the jejunum only AP activity was increased significantly. The present study indicates that 17 beta-estradiol plays an important role in regulating the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and it is the ileal enzymes which are more prone to its action.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Alterations and reversibility of digestive and absorptive functions of rat intestine following medroxyprogesterone acetate administration.

The long term (90 days) effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) administration on the digestive and absorptive functions of the small gut have been investigated in female albino rats. The uptake of glucose and amino acids was found to be significantly increased while Ca++ uptake decreased following MPA treatment (35 mg/kg body weight). The observed increase in glucose uptake might be due to carrier mediated transport in enterocytes and not to a change in cell number. The Michaelis constant for glucose uptake was not altered by MPA. Activities of brush border membrane disaccharidases, leucine aminopeptidase and basolateral membrane enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase were significantly increased in response to MPA treatment. It was observed that these biochemical alterations caused by MPA in intestinal digestive and absorptive functions were reversible by 5 weeks after termination of the drug treatment. The action of the drug appears to closely resemble that of known effects of glucocorticoids on intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the digestive and absorptive functions of rat intestine.

The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestinal epithelium have been investigated in female albino rats. The transport of sodium-dependent glucose was significantly enhanced while sodium-independent transport remained unaltered in drug-treated animals. The uptake of amino-acids was also considerably increased, while Ca++ uptake decreased significantly on administration of the drug at a dose of 35 mg/kg body weight once a week for 1 month. Kinetic studies of glucose transport in the presence of sodium ions revealed that MPA treatment affected the rate of uptake of glucose by elevating Vmax, but the Km value remained the same in treated and untreated animals. The administration of the drug also led to significant augmentation in the activities of the brush border enzymes, disaccharidases, and to an insignificant decrease in alkaline phosphatase. The activities of leucine aminopeptidase did not show any change. The enhancement in sucrase activity might be due to induction of the enzyme because only Vmax was elevated in treated animals. As concerns cellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed. This study suggests that MPA also exerts glucocorticoid-like effects on the intestinal tissue.

Amino Acids↗