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Biomedical subjects

G Humbert

Publications and source records attributed to G Humbert.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Massive digestive hemorrhage in typhoid fever. A case report].

In a case of massive intestinal haemorrhage during typhoid fever the bleeding area was located by angiography to the superior mesenteric artery, and excision of the ileo-colonic junction was performed. Pathological study of the lesions showed necrosis of Peyer's plaques resulting in section of small submucosal arterioles. The necrosis itself was caused by initially endothelial lesions, later completed by thrombosis. The complication is exceptional. This case is reported in order to draw attention to the usefulness of mesenteric arteriography and the effectiveness of surgery in massive intestinal haemorrhages.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of temocillin (BRL 17421) in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.

The pharmacokinetics of temocillin were investigated in five normal subjects and in 20 uraemic patients. Normal subjects were given single intravenous doses of 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg of temocillin and a single intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Patients with renal impairment were given 7.5 mg/kg of the antibiotic intravenously. A three-compartment open model was used to calculate kinetic data after iv administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters of temocillin were similar both for the three iv doses and for the im dose. The terminal serum half-lives (T1/2 beta) averaged 4.75-5.88 h. The central distribution volume (Vc) and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd area) were 0.093-0.111 and 0.268-0.303 l/kg, respectively. Renal and total body clearances were within 27.4-34.1 and 40.2-47.8 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. 67.4-71.5% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine over 24 h. Intramuscular dosing of 7.5 mg/kg gave a mean peak level of 26.71 mg/l at 1.67 h. In uraemic patients, similar maximum serum concentrations were found after a single 7.5 mg/kg iv dose. The terminal half-life increased according to the degree of renal failure, from 5 h in normal subjects to about 30 h in severe uraemic patients. Renal impairment did not significantly modify Vd area, fractional clearance (Cr/GFR) and non renal clearance. 65.2% of the antibiotic was removed during haemodialysis. Dosage adjustments of temocillin in uraemic patients are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in chronic renal failure and in patients on haemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of tinidazole after infusion (800 mg in 15 min) were studied in 12 patients with chronic renal failure (RI) and in five patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment (RD). Tinidazole elimination plasma half-life was 15.09 +/- 0.68 h (mean +/- s.e. mean) (RI) and 12.9 +/- 1.0 h after dialysis (RD), but there was a significant decrease in half-life during dialysis (4.25 +/- 0.43 h) P less than 0.001). The apparent volume of distribution (0.64 +/- 0.03 l/kg) was equal to extra and intracellular water volume and tinidazole was little bound to plasma protein (8%). There was a slight sex difference in apparent volume of distribution between male patients (0.70 +/- 0.09 l/kg) and female patients (0.59 +/- 0.10 l/kg) (P = 0.07), but as body clearance decreases in the same order, there was no modification of plasma half-life. In renal failure, pharmacokinetics of tinidazole were not disturbed because no correlation between half-life, body clearance and creatinine clearance occurred; urine elimination was about 7% of administered dose. Plasma clearance during dialysis was 49.9 +/- 3.2 ml/min and about 43% of the available drug was eliminated during the 6 h dialysis procedure. These results suggest that an additional half-dose infusion should be given after the end of dialysis in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of the clinical activity of cefotiam (SCE 963). Multicentric study in 7 centers].

Cefotiam (SCE 963), a new, broad-spectrum, third generation cephalosporin was used in the treatment of 136 patients suffering from respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia, meningitis, biliary tract infections and osteoarthritis infections. Cefotiam was administered in monotherapy to 98 patients at the mean posology of two grams per day (extreme doses: 1 to 6 g). The following clinical effectiveness was noted: 83 successes and 18 failures on 101 available clinical reports. The general, biological tolerance and renal tolerance was good in all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Splenectomy and pneumococcal septicemia].

A literature review, following the observation of 4 cases of pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients, demonstrated that infection was frequent in subjects with functional or anatomical asplenia, usually in the form of a pneumococcal septicemia. Infection occurs one hundred times more frequently in splenectomized patients than in the general population. The risk of developing an infection varies from one patient to another, and is related to the motive for splenectomy, the period since operation, and the age of the patient at the time of surgery. Pneumococcal septicemia in such cases is distinguished by its insidious nature and its very poor prognosis, the outcome being fatal in 50 to 70 p. cent of cases. This justifies intensive prophylactic measures: partial splenectomy, heterotopic transplantation, anti-pneumococcal vaccination, and long-term antibiotic therapy. None of these methods offers absolute protection, and indications for splenectomy should therefore be limited to the strict minimum.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of dibekacin in subjects with normal renal function].

The principal pharmacokinetic parameters of dibekacin were studied in five adult subjects with normal renal function after IM and IV injection of a single dose of 1 mg/kg. The results obtained showed that the pharmacokinetics of dibekacine were independent of the dose (T1/2: 2.1 h; distribution volume: 14-161; renal clearance: congruent to 70 ml/min; urinary excretion in 24 hours congruent to 80%) and very similar to those of other aminoglycosides of the deoxystreptamine group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Non typhoidal Salmonella infections: a clinical study of 491 cases (author's transl)].

491 cases of non typhoidal salmonella infections were studied in the Rouen Hospital University Centre. Affected patients are mainly children who usually present mild febrile gastroenteritis. Severe forms with septicemia, enteric fever, or focal manifestations, usually occur in adults. In nearly half the cases an underlying disease or another predisposing condition was found. In these cases, the mortality rate was increased. Antibiotic therapy prolonged post-convalescent excretion of salmonellae. Adequate diet and hygiene are sufficient in mild forms. Antibiotics should be used only in acute salmonella infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of cefroxadin (CGP 9000) in man.

The pharmacokinetics of cefroxadin have been studied after the administration of single oral and intravenous doses to healthy volunteers. Cefroxadin was assayed by HPLC. The kinetics in plasma following i.v. administration were described by using a three-compartment model. An additional disposition phase was observed following oral administration that could not be detected after the low i.v. dose. The terminal half-life was 1.03 h. The apparent volume of distribution at the steady state was consistent with a diffusion of the antibiotic in all extracellular fluids. The AUC after oral administration was linearly related to the dose. The urinary excretion amounted to 95% of the dose with virtually complete absorption of orally administered drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and metabolites in uremic patients (author's transl)].

The study was done after a single dose in 6 normal subjects and 24 patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. In normal subjects, the results are similar whatever the assays are used. In uremic patients, the half-life for the terminal phase increased with renal failure with the microbioassay, but it is demonstrated that deacetyl cefotaxime has only a prolonged half - life with a more specific assay = HPLC method. After repetitive doses, the tendency for accumulation was only noted in patients with very severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 5 ml.min-1).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in patients with chronic renal impairment (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime were investigated in 6 healthy subjects and in 22 uraemic patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. After i.v. bolus injection of a single 15 mg/kg dose, pharmacokinetic data were calculated using a two compartment model. Serum and urine concentrations were determined by microbiological (M.A.) and HPLC assays. With microbiological assay, the elimination serum half-life (T 1/2) increased in patients according to their degree of renal insufficiency and reached 10 hours when creatinine clearance fell below 10 ml.min-1. When concentrations of cefotaxime and its derivatives (desacetyl cefotaxime, M2 and M3) were determined by HPLC assay, the elimination serum half-life of cefotaxime (T 1/2) was not modified in severe uraemic patients; however the elimination half-life of the metabolites increased when creatinine clearance decreased. Cefotaxime can be administered at a dose of 1 g i.v., twice daily in patients with stable chronic renal insufficiency when creatinine clearance is above 5 ml min-1. In cases of more severe renal failure, the dose should be halved and given i.v. every 12 hours.

Adult↗