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Biomedical subjects

G Hugo

Publications and source records attributed to G Hugo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A critical review of rural medical workforce retention in Australia.

The problem of how best to recruit and retain doctors in rural and remote communities has led governments to adopt a range of medical workforce incentives, including retention grants. A comprehensive literature survey suggests that medical workforce retention has been poorly distinguished from other supply issues such as recruitment, and that its determinants and the process leading to retention are poorly understood. Such a knowledge gap is likely to limit the effectiveness of retention incentives. This article reports the results of this literature review, and advances a conceptual framework as the basis for ongoing research and evaluating how best to deliver effective retention interventions.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

Fluid dynamics of a pediatric ventricular assist device.

The number of pediatric patients requiring some form of mechanical circulatory assistance is growing throughout the world because of new surgical procedures and the success of pediatric cardiac transplantation. However, the salvage rate for those patients requiring circulatory support may be as low as 25%. Despite the fact that Penn State's 70 cc pneumatic ventricular assist device has been used with a success rate of over 90% in more than 250 patients worldwide, efforts to scale down the pump have encountered difficulties. Animal experiments with a 15 cc version were unsuccessful, with explanted pumps showing extensive thrombus deposition within the pumping chamber. The materials used to fabricate the smaller pump as well as the basic operating principles are identical to the successful adult-sized version. It is therefore believed that reducing the size of the pump altered the internal flow field, and that fluid dynamic factors were responsible for the high degree of thrombus observed with the implanted devices. A dimensional analysis was conducted that revealed significant differences in both Reynolds (Re) and Strouhal (St) numbers between the successful and unsuccessful pumps. Two component laser Doppler velocimetry was then used to characterize the internal flow field quantitatively. Comparison with data from the 70 cc pump showed a reduction in wall shear stress and turbulence levels in the 15 cc pump that would yield an environment conducive to clot formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The demographic underpinnings of current and future international migration in Asia.

"The present paper suggests that one element which needs to be considered in explaining contemporary international migration [in the Asia-Pacific region] but especially in anticipating trends over the next decade are the differential patterns of growth of population within the region. While population growth overall has slowed, the work force age groups will continue to grow rapidly in Asia over the next decade or so and the contrasts between individual countries will increase. The proportion in the peak mobility age groups will thus continue to grow rapidly in particular countries and will be one of the elements contributing to increased levels of international migration within and out of the region."

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Asia on the move: research challenges for population geography.

This paper "summarises some of the major changes which have occurred in international migration to, from, and within Asia in the last two decades....A number of theoretical challenges are put forward regarding the complex interrelationships between international population movements, economic development and social change. The employment of systems approaches, neoclassical economic theory, social networks and institutional approaches, and the potential role of population geography in developing a more comprehensive explanation of the changing dynamics of international migration in the region, are discussed. Also considered are the gender dimension in migration, remittance flows and their consequences, and policy issues."

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Environmental concerns and international migration.

"This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to conceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

International migration and national development.

"In this review, we examine theories, data, and research on the macroeconomic relationship between international migration and national development in all world regions. Earlier reviews have generally been pessimistic about the prospects for economic development as a result of international migration. Until recently, however, theories and data have not recognized the complex, multifaceted, and often indirect ways that international migration can influence the economic status of households, communities, and nations, and they have generally failed to appreciate how these relationships can change over time. When these complexities are incorporated into theoretical models, research designs, and data collection, a more nuanced and far more positive picture emerges. Given a supportive mix of macroeconomic policies and infrastructure, international migration may function as a dynamic force promoting economic growth and national development, so long as it does not bring about the selective emigration of scarce human capital needed for development at home."

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Australia and international treaties: population.

"The separation of environmental and population issues globally is reflected in the fact that the setting of international agendas to tackle them was for all intents and purposes undertaken at separate international meetings--the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the International Population Conference in Cairo in 1994. This paper presents an overview of Australia's international involvement in population issues and suggests that until recently Australia had played a minor political role in international population initiatives primarily, and perhaps ironically, because it has been a world leader in demographic research and teaching for several decades."

Australia↗
PubMed1995

International labor migration and the family: some observations from Indonesia.

This article addresses two dimensions of the complex interrelationship between the family and international labor migration in Indonesia: the role of the family in influencing labor movements out of Indonesia; and the consequences of this movement on family well-being, structure, and functioning. Research on this topic in Indonesia is highly limited due mainly to the recency of large scale international labor migration, inadequate data collection systems, a high incidence of undocumented migration, and failure of available research to be sensitive to family related issues. Against a rapidly changing economic and social situation, two major overlapping systems of migration have developed. The official system is focused strongly on the Middle East (although other Asian destinations are increasing in significance) and is dominated by female migrants. The undocumented system is much larger in volume, is focused upon Malaysia, involves more males than females, and is becoming permanent in some cases. The role, status, and experiences of women migrants in relation to their families (decision making, networks, remittances) are discussed with recommendations for other areas needing further research attention.

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Australia's population growth, composition and distribution: emerging research needs.

"In 1993 the charter of the [Australia] Bureau of Immigration Research (BIR) was widened to encompass other areas of population and its name changed to the Bureau of Immigration and Population Research (BIPR).... The aim of this paper is to identify some emerging research needs in the area of Australia's population growth, composition and distribution that the BIPR might profitably address.... The paper attempts to put forward some issues which the writer believes are important gaps in our present knowledge regarding the growth, composition and distribution of Australia's population."

Australia↗
PubMed1994

The turnaround in Australia: some first observations from the 1991 census.

"The aim of this paper is to utilise recently released census results to examine patterns of population change in non-metropolitan Australia during the 1986-91 period, focusing particularly upon the net migration component of that change. The paper presents an overview of recent trends in population change in non-metropolitan areas and then moves to an analysis of net migration patterns in non-metropolitan local government areas during the late 1980s using a Life Table Survival Ratio technique to estimate net migration. It appears that the trends observed in the early 1980s have continued into the late 1980s and early 1990s, and that overall the 'turnaround' is slowing down and becoming more diversified, more complex, and much less predictable in the 1990s."

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Recent trends in fertility differentials in Australia.

"The aim of this paper is not to examine broad trends in Australian fertility but to analyse the extent to which fertility patterns vary from one group to another within Australian society.... In general, differences between groups have been converging as fertility overall has declined." Aspects considered include aboriginal fertility, immigrant fertility, and fertility by socioeconomic group.

Australia↗
PubMed1992

Knocking at the door: Asian immigration to Australia.

"This paper assesses the level and composition of contemporary Asian immigration to Australia and explores its processes and impacts. The final reversal of the White Australia Policy in the 1970s opened the door to substantial increases in Asian immigration, particularly from Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India and Hong Kong." Aspects considered include migrant categories, age, sex, and social and economic adaptation to Australia.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

Population movement in Indonesia since 1971.

"This paper attempts to overview and assess developments in the scale, types and impact of population mobility in Indonesia since 1971." Difficulties concerning the availability of data are first considered. "Using qualitative and quantitative information from a range of sources it is evident in this paper that population mobility in Indonesia has a level, scale and complexity that belies the conventional stereotyping of most Indonesians as being highly immobile, scarcely travelling beyond the well-trodden social space of their village and its immediate environs. There are many reasons to explain the increasing population movement; however, there is uncertainty surrounding future patterns of population movement in Indonesia."

Asia↗
PubMed1988

Counterurbanization in Australia.

"The present paper attempts to assess the extent of the non-metropolitan population turnaround [in Australia] during the 1970s and to estimate the magnitude of its components. It establishes the extent to which [it] has been a spatially concentrated phenomenon. It examines the patterns of migration between Australia's metropolitan and non-metropolitan sectors and the selectivity of the migration. The paper then assesses a range of explanations which have been put forward to account for the turnaround and speculates upon likely future patterns. Throughout there is an attempt to draw contrasts and similarities between patterns and processes in Australia and those in the United States."

Australia↗