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G Hommel

Publications and source records attributed to G Hommel.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

On the genetics of the human serum paraoxonase (EC 3.1.1.2).

Incubation of the sera of 799 nonrelated persons with paraoxon led to varying degrees of inhibition of the serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) with residual activity between 0% and 67.4% of the initial activity. This is the result of a differing paraoxonase (EC 3.1.1.2) activity. The residual activities show a trimodal distribution. The results of studies of 99 families with children show that an autosomal dominant herdity factor is most likely. Consideration of the constellations of the activity values within the families can thus yield a stochastic external criterion. This, together with the shape of the distribution of the individual values, gives good statistical estimates for the distributions and frequencies of the three groups obtained by an iteration technique. Tests of association that take account of group membership show that residual activity does not depend on the blood groups A, B, O, and Rh, or on age. A conclusive argument for our assumption of three activity groups is that the resulting group frequencies are consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg rule.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Plasma insulin response following intravenous glucose in gestational diabetics.

More insulin is needed to maintain glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. Pregnancy also has a diabetogenic effect on the mother, especially in genetically and obstetrically predisposed women. In the third trimester 195 pregnant women were screened for glucose tolerance by IVGTT (0.33 g/kg body-weight) and for plasma insulin response. In early puerperium the test was repeated. The results in gestational diabetics (k-value less than or equal to 1.0; n = 98) were to be compared to pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (n = 97). Statistical methods (incl. discriminant analysis) were to verify differences in acute insulin release of the beta-cell and the cumulative insulin response following intravenous glucose. During the third trimester quantitatively more insulin is released when compared with early puerperium both in gestational diabetics and normal subjects (paired t-test p less than 0.01). A quantitative hypofunction of the beta-cells following intravenous glucose in gestational diabetics can be excluded. On the other hand, the most striking findings are a delayed insulin response in the initial phase of secretion (5-10 min) and significantly higher insulin levels during the late phase especially at the end of the test period (60 min) in gestational diabetics. In these cases a peripheral insulin resistance can be discussed. Hyperinsulinism is correlated to the clinical parameters overweight (greater than 10%) and the gaining of at least 12 kg of weight during pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1977

[The use of the discriminant analysis for judging the glucose tolerance of pregnant women by time-dependent measurements of serum insulin (author's transl)].

This article deals with the problem of judging the carbohydrate metabolism of women in pregnancy and childbed only by time-dependent measurements of serum insulin after an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The criterion for the glucose tolerance is the k-value. The investigation of 390 serum insulin curves coming from 195 women showed that the application of the mathematical model of the linear discriminant analysis leads to a very good separation between the groups with a pathological and with a normal glucose tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

Studies on lymphocytotoxicity in acute and chronic liver disease.

The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis, acute hepatitis B and rheumatoid arthritis as well as from normal controls was studied in a microcytotoxicity assay according to COHEN et al. using 125I-iododeoxyuridine labeled embryonal liver cells and Chang cells as target cells. Unfractionated lymphocytes of the peripheral blood from patients with chronic active hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis showed a high frequency of cytotoxic activity. The lymphocytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis was significantly increased in comparison to normal controls at the EC/TC of 10:1 and 100:1. Specificity of the cytotoxic reaction to target cells could not be demonstrated. Addition of autologous serum to the cytotoxic assay blocked the lymphocytotoxicity in patients with chronic active hepatitis. A weak potentiating effect on lymphocytotoxicity was observed in patients with hepatitis B after addition of autologous serum. It is discussed that this reaction is due to the presence of HB-antigen in the serum since addition of HB-antigen from other sources increased also the lymphocytotoxicity in hepatitis B patients. This effect was observed neither in HB-antigen positive nor in HB-antigen negative patients with chronic active hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatisis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The significance of cytotoxicity of lymphocyte populations in coloncarcinoma patients in comparison to normal controls using a new statistical method of evaluation.

Lymphocytotoxicity was studied in patients suffering from colon carcinoma. 125Iododeoxyuridin-labeled established colon carcinoma cells were used as target cells in a cytotoxicity assay according to COHEN et al. (1). They were incubated with unfractionated lymphocytes of the peripheral blood, purified T cells or adherent cells as effector cells. The cytotoxic effect was measured in cpm, i. e. the radioactivity released from the target cells into the supernatant. The cpm were adjusted by eliminating the variables of spontaneous release and for maximal incorporated radioactivity of the target cells. The cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes to colon carcinoma target cells was dose-dependent. It was demonstrated for lymphocytes from colon carcinoma patients as well as for lymphocytes from healthy controls. Although adjusted cpm values were used for statistical analysis lymphocytes from the 20 colon carcinoma patients did not show a higher cytotoxic effect than lymphocytes from the 20 healthy controls. However, when the results were compared separately for each experiment consisting of 2 colon carcinoma patients and 3 healthy controls, statistical significant specific lymphocytotoxicity was demonstrated for lymphocytes from colon carcinoma patients. The plot diagram of the results and the statistical evaluation by the multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) offer a clear and comprehensible representation of the results. Particularly for statistical reasons, this representation is superior to the usual calculation of percent specific lysis. It was demonstrated in this study that the cytotoxic activity in the absence of autologous serum is a function of T cells of the peripheral blood. Adherent cells have a high cytotoxic activity regardless whether the cells were obtained from colon carcinoma patients or from healthy controls.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

[The glycogen content of blood and uterine tissue in women with myoma and endometriosis (author's transl)].

The amount of glycogen in venous blood and uterine tissue from 135 women undergoing gynecologic surgery was quantitatively determined. One group had myoma (n = 48), another endometriosis (n = 30). 18 women had myoma combined with endometriosis of the myometrium. 39 women served as control group. The following samples of the uterus were obtained immediately after removal: endometrium, myometrium, cervix and "tumour". The glycogen content in pathological cases was compared to normal tissue of comparative endocrine state, parity status and glucose tolerance. The significance levels were determined by standard analysis of variance and "t" tests. In the group with endometriosis, a significant difference occurred in the amount of blood glycogen, while a significant decrease was observed in the myometrial tissue. The cervical tissue glycogen levels of patients with myoma or endometriosis were significantly higher and did not exhibit cyclic or menopausal changes. There were no significant cyclic differences in the amount of endometrial tissue glycogen in women with myoma or endometriosis. In these cases the glycogen content was significantly higher than in healthy endometrial tissue. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were found to be in a normal spectrum. Pathological glucose tolerance and parity status showed no correlation to the variation of uterine tissue glycogen.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma insulin and blood glucose levels after long term use (author's transl)].

Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.33 g/kg body weight) performed on 75 subjects. Various types of oral contraceptives were taken for an average period of 6.5 yrs. The cases were divided into several groups in order to examine the effect of combination-type drugs (group A; n= 40) and sequential-type drugs (group B; n = 23) separately. A third group had used both types of drugs (group C; n = 13). Fifteen women who have never taken hormone drugs served as control group. It was found that plasma insulin levels, blood glucose and k-values were not significantly elevated in the drug treated groups. The duration of treatment does not seem to have an effect on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. In this study the patient's age is the most important associated data, and not overweight, family history of diabetes or past obstetric history. No statistical change in insulin levels, reaction areas of glucose and insulin after IVGTT was seen in any drug treated group.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Altered carbohydrate metabolism in breast cancer and benign breast affections.

Breast diseases in 792 women were studied by biopsy and histological evaluation. In all subjects glucose tolerance was examined by OGTT (100 g glucose). The diabetes frequency of 22% in 326 women with breast cancer was compared with the frequency in women with fibroadenoma (n = 101), papilloma (n = 80), fibrocystic disease (n = 107), lipoma, granuloma, fibrosis (n = 88), papilloma with proliferation (n = 32), mastopathy with proliferation (n = 33) and carcinoma in situ lobulare (n = 11). The statistical evaluation was done with an electronic data processing system. We used matched pairs according to age, height and weight. Diabetogenic factors like age and overweight were thus allowed for. These comparative statistics showed a frequency of diabetes twice or three times higher in women with breast cancer. This result cannot be regarded as a consequence of age, overweight and menopause. In groups with fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease and lipoma, we found glucose tolerance in 1-3%, whereas the group with proliferation (including carcinoma in situ) showed an incidence of 7%. The remarkably high incidence rate of 14% in women with papilloma can be explained by the higher age and the more frequent obesity in this collective.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1975

Cancer of the breast, diabetes and pathological glucose tolerance.

In a prospective study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, covering the period from January 1st 1971 til December 31st 1973 the incidence of pathological glucose tolerance was examined in 837 women with breast cancer, benign tumours and conditions requiring excision or air cystography and/or mammography because of suspicion of tumour. The glucose tolerance was tested in all patients by oral ingestion with 100 g glucose of i.v. by means of intravenous injection of 0.33 g glucose/kg body weight. The results in 327 women with breast cancer were compared with those in 510 women with benign breast affections. Using matched pairs, the evaluation was done with an electronic data processing system. Diabetogenic factors like age and body weight were thus allowed for. In the total collective 22.3% out of 327 women with breast cancer were manifestly and 6.7% subclinically diabetic. Our findings allow the following conclusions. 1. Manifest diabetes mellitus is found twice as frequently in women with breast cancer compared to women with benign breast affections. 2. In the collective of pairs matched according to age, height and weight (n = 217) 21% of the women with breast cancer have a pathological glucose tolerance, compared with 10% of the women with benign breast affections. 3. Only 25 out of 73 manifestly diabetic women with breast cancer were aware of their metabolic disorder before admission to hospital, whereas 75% of the diabetic women with benign histological findings did know of it.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Morphometric-statistical analysis of pancreatic arteries in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl].

This study deals with changes in pancreatic vessels in cases of chronic pancreatitis. In particular the hypothesis that the diameter of the arterial vessels is reduced is examined statistically. Histological preparations from two groups, stained by the Elastica van Gieson method, were used for the investigation: Group I consisted of 50 section cases with healthy pancreatic tissue, group II consisted of 50 operative cases of chronic pancreatitis. At a 320-fold magnification, media thickness, vessel diameter, and intima thickness of four arterial vessels in each case were determined by a measuring scale in the ocular of a light microscope. The test results were transferred to perforated cards and analyzed statistically by computer. In the region of the endothel, the arterial vessels show cell nuclei projecting into the lumen. Especially remarkable is the thickening of the subendothelial intima tissue in the form of intimafibrosis and intimaelastosis. Atrophy of the media is noted in later stages, and it finally dissolves. The lumen of the arterial vessels seems to be considerably constricted as compared to that of the venous vessels. In attempting to prove vessel constriction, it was assumed that a certain media thickness corresponds to a certain vessel radius. Thus, we determined the relations between media thickness and vessel radius in both groups. Using regression lines as a model, we found vessel constriction to be statistically significant. However, although regression lines for the correlation between assumed vessel radius (sum of vessel radius and intima thickness) and media thickness are quite close, they are still significantly different. This remaining difference could have been caused by alteration in the media or also by additional influencial characteristics that differ in the two test groups. Therefore, the effect on the relationship between vessel radius and media thickness was examined with regard to the following variables: distribution of age, sex, and phases of parenchym reduction. Results show that the differences between the two groups were hardly influenced by age. The different distribution of sex seems to weaken the result more than to intensify it. Finally, the phase of parenchym reduction corresponds to the extent of vessel alteration. These vessel alterations probably represent an adaption of the reduced parenchym to the lowered demand for blood. On the other hand, it is rather unlikely that such alteration is an important pathogenetic factor of chronic pancreatitis or a consequence of exterior pressure caused by perifocal inflammation and incisive cicatricial tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The presence of HPV DNA in cervical cancer: correlation with clinico-pathologic parameters and prognostic significance: 10 years experience at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Mainz University.

The objective of this study was to assess whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and/or several genotypes of HPV DNA in cervical cancer are correlated with several clinicopathologic parameters of well-defined prognostic significance and whether virologic parameters are predictors of long-term survival in cancer patients. Two hundred twenty three cases of cervical cancer patients included in this retrospective study underwent follow-up evaluation. Survival and cause of death were examined for 204 (91.4%) patients, with a mean follow-up time of 4.4 years. HPV DNA was detected using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method followed by HPV DNA sequencing for HPV genotyping. These results were correlated with well-defined clinicopathologic parameters and survival data. HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 150 of 193 (73.4%) tissue specimens of cervical cancer patients. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of HPV 16 (n = 68, 45.3%), HPV 18 (n = 49, 32.6%) and rare HPV types (n = 33, 22.1%). HPV genotypes correlated significantly with histologic tumor types, node status, tumor oxygenation, blood vessel invasion, and lymph space involvement. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical cancer as well as the genotype of HPV 16 could also be confirmed as significant prognostic factors in the univariate Cox regression analysis (RR 2.856, P < 0.003 resp. RR 3.444, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, however, HPV DNA status failed to be of prognostic relevance. Exclusively HPV 16 appears to have an independent impact on the overall survival in cervical patients (RR 3.653, P < 0.002). We conclude that the detection of HPV 16 genotype may play an important adjunct role in assessing prognosis of cervical cancer patients. The clinical impact of the presence of HPV DNA in primary tumors of uterine cervix remains to be investigated in further studies, and the exact mechanisms by which HPV influences the prognosis of cervical cancer patients have to be defined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in gastric cancer.

In the present study, the expression and prognostic role of p27 were immunohistochemically investigated in 413 curatively resected gastric carcinomas. Strong p27 expression in more than 50% of the tumour cells could be detected in 57.4% (n = 237) whereas 42.6% of the tumours (n = 176) only showed p27 expression in less than 50% of the tumour cells. No significant correlation could be observed between p27 expression and the prognostic parameters pT category, pN category, blood and lymphatic vessel invasion as well as with tumour histology. Concerning other cell cycle associated proteins, p27 expression was inversely correlated with p21 expression, however, there was no correlation either with cyclin D1 and cyclin E or with expression of p53, bcl-2 and tumour cell proliferation. Univariate survival analysis revealed a poorer prognostic outcome for patients with tumours expressing p27 in more than 50% of the tumour cells (p < 0.049). However, by multivariate analysis, this prognostic influence of p27 could not be verified as independent from the known prognostic parameters of the pTNM-system (p < 0.325). The present data on 413 curatively resected gastric carcinomas suggest, that expression of p27, analyzed alone or in combination with multiple cell cycle regulatory proteins, has no prognostic value in gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of bcl-2 expression in gastric cancer.

The bcl-2 protein has been shown to prevent apoptosis or programmed cell death and may play an important role for the regulation of tumour growth. Although expression of bcl-2 has been shown to correlate with a better prognosis in breast and lung carcinomas, information concerning the prognostic role of bcl-2 in gastric cancer on a considerable number of tumours is still lacking. In the present study, therefore, the expression and prognostic role of the bcl-2 protein was investigated immunohistochemically in 413 curatively resected gastric carcinomas. Bcl-2 expression was detected in 11.4% (n = 47) of the tumours and was significantly associated with the tumour classification according to Lauren (P < 0.001), 95% of the bcl-2-positive tumours being intestinal type, whereas all diffuse type or signet ring cell carcinomas were bcl-2-negative. No correlation was found between bcl-2 expression and the prognostic parameters depth of invasion (pT category), blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion. However, well and moderately differentiated tumours were more often bcl-2-positive than poorly differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), and lymph node negative tumours were more often bcl-2-positive than nodal positive tumours (P < 0.006). Concerning survival, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with bcl-2-positive tumours and patients with bcl-2-negative tumours. According to our results on 413 gastric carcinomas, in contrast to breast and lung cancer, bcl-2 expression has no prognostic impact in gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗