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Biomedical subjects

G Holmgren

Publications and source records attributed to G Holmgren.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Coexpression of the sis and myc proto-oncogenes in developing human placenta suggests autocrine control of trophoblast growth.

First trimester human placentas actively express the sis proto-oncogene, the structural gene for the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Using the in situ hybridization technique, the 4.2 kb c-sis transcript has been localized to the cytotrophoblastic component, especially the highly proliferative and invasive cytotrophoblastic shell, paralleling the distribution of c-myc transcripts in early placenta. Explants of first trimester placenta release significant levels of PDGF-like activity into the medium under apparent developmental control. Moreover, cultured trophoblasts display abundant high-affinity PDGF receptors and respond to exogenous authentic PDGF by an activation of the c-myc gene and DNA synthesis. The developing human placenta may therefore represent a case of autocrine growth regulation in a normal tissue, in which cells bearing receptors for a growth factor can also synthesize and respond to that factor.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1985

Effect of folic acid treatment in the fragile X syndrome.

The effect of folic acid intake on the frequency of fragile X positive cells and some behavioural characteristics were evaluated in 5 boys and 4 adult males with the fragile X syndrome. The expression of fragile X was nullified in 6 and decreased in 3 of the 9 patients. Behavioural and motor ability were considered to have improved in 4 of the 5 boys but not in the 4 adults with fragile X syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lethal and non-lethal diastrophic dysplasia. A study of 14 Swedish cases.

A clinical study was performed on 14 patients with diastrophic dysplasia (DD), including three pairs of sibs. Six of these patients, including two pairs of sibs, died shortly after birth of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency. We consider these six patients to represent a special lethal variant of DD. In all infants with the lethal variant of DD the birth weight was lower than in those with the non-lethal variant. There were also roentgenological differences between these two groups. Overlapping in joints and dislocation of the cervical spine were seen in all the lethal cases. In addition, four of the six patients with lethal DD cases had a congenital heart defect, and none in the non-lethal group.

Dwarfism↗
PubMed1985

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: delta 5-and delta 6-fatty acid desaturases in skin fibroblasts.

Cultured skin fibroblasts from two patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) and from a normal control were analyzed for trienoic and tetraenoic fatty acids. In addition, we assayed desaturation of [1-14C]linoleic acid in cells from four patients and four controls. There was no significant effect of the disease on the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids or on the rate of linoleic acid desaturation in fibroblasts. The results indicate the presence of delta 5- and delta 6-fatty acid desaturases in cells from SLS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes defined by restriction enzyme polymorphism of HLA-D region genomic DNA.

DNA fragments complementary to cloned sequences encoding HLA-D region class II antigen alpha- and beta-chains were determined by genomic blotting with DNA from HLA-typed members of 22 complete families, 12 of which had a proband with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Analysis of genotypes showed that the DNA sequences were linked to HLA-DR and permitted confirmation of recombinations in two families. Digestion with the restriction enzymes BamHI, EcoRI, and PstI and hybridization with an HLA-D region beta-chain cDNA probe confirmed a BamHI 3.7 kilobase (kb) fragment present at low frequency among diabetic individuals and a BamHI 3.2 kb fragment that was also decreased among the diabetic subjects compared with siblings (P less than 0.05) as well as nonrelated control siblings (P less than 0.02) and their parents (P less than 0.01). BamHI 12.0 kb (P less than 0.05) and 5.8 kb (P less than 0.02, P less than 0.02), EcoRI 20 kb (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.02), and PstI 6.0 kb (P less than 0.05) fragments were more frequent in diabetic individuals compared with nonrelated control siblings or their parents, respectively. Analysis of individual haplotypes revealed that HLA-DR4-containing chromosomes were heterogeneous among controls but that the diabetic individuals showed a similar pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genomic blotting of blood lymphocyte DNA with a cDNA clone encoding the chain of HLA-D region class II antigens permits detection of fragments that are strongly associated with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Fragile X syndrome in mildly mentally retarded children in a northern Swedish county. A prevalence study.

In an extensive etiological study of an unselected series of mildly mentally retarded children (MMR) (IQ 50-70) born 1959-1970 in a northern Swedish county, 5 of 110 boys (4.5%) and none of 61 girls had a fragile site on the distal end of the X-chromosome (Fra Xq 28). Consequently fragile X was seen in 2.9% of the total series of 171 children. In a combined series of severe and mild mental retardation, the incidence of the fragile X syndrome was calculated to be 1:3000 in the county of Västerbotten. Next to trisomy 21 the fragile X syndrome was the most common single identified cause of MMR in boys. A cytogenetic investigation using special cultural conditions and banding techniques should be performed in cases of mental retardation of unclear etiology and in possible female carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of motor neuron disease in northern Sweden.

All cases of motor neuron disease (MND), encompassing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP) and progressive spinal muscular atrophy (PSMA), in northern Sweden, diagnosed between 1969-1980 have been analysed. 128 cases were found, corresponding to an average annual incidence rate of 1.67 per 100,000. The prevalence on December 31, 1980 was 4.8 per 100,000. Age-specific incidence rates were higher in the high age groups with a maximum at 60-64 years for males, at 70-74 years for females and at 65-69 years for the sexes combined. The median age at onset was 61 years. Clustering was not found in mining districts and overrepresentation of miners and stone treaters was not observed. Minor differences in incidence rates, as measured by the standardized morbidity ratio, SMR, were found between the inland, coastal and mountain areas. The median survival time after onset of disease was 32 months for ALS, 30 months for PBP and 70 months for PSMA. The combined survival rate for all MND cases was 28% after 5 years and 15% after 10 years. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1, and 4.7% were familial cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prospective and retrospective studies of zinc concentrations in serum, blood clots, hair and urine in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Two main diabetic groups were investigated, viz, one consisting of 19 diabetic children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (median age 10 years) where a prospective study was made, and one where a retrospective examination was performed of 73 patients (median age 14 years) with a mean duration of IDDM of 7 years; 83 healthy school children (median age 13 years) served as controls. In both groups of diabetic children more zinc was excreted in the urine than in the controls. At onset of IDDM, serum and blood clot zinc concentrations were reduced with a gradual increase towards normal within 1 month of insulin therapy. The zinc concentrations in hair did not differ from those of the controls. No correlation were found between zinc levels in serum, blood clots, urine and hair on one hand and the concentrations of albumin and glucose in serum and urine on the other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in lymphocytes and erythrocytes in insulin-dependent diabetic children.

CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in lymphocytes and erythrocytes were studied in 9 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) as well as in 21 healthy children. The mean erythrocyte CuZn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were statistically significantly lower in the IDDM group compared with the controls although almost all IDDM results fell within the mean +/- 2 SD limits of the controls. The small differences found can hardly be assigned biological significance. Erythrocyte catalase as well as lymphocyte CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase did not differ from the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The incidence of diabetes mellitus in Swedish children 0-14 years of age. A prospective study 1977-1980.

This is a prospective study of the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children 0-14 years of age, including all newly diagnosed cases in the whole of Sweden from July 1, 1977 until June 30, 1980. All 45 Swedish departments of paediatrics participated. During the three-year-period studied, 1108 Swedish children, 0-14 years of age had their onset of diabetes. That means around 369 new diabetics yearly in the age groups studied. The mean yearly incidences in the years 1977-80 were 22.6, 22.8 and 22.6 per 100000 children, respectively. Mean prevalence on June 30, 1980 and 1.48 per 1000 children 0-14 years with a wide range of 0.71-2.65. The age distribution at onset showed a gradual increase and peak incidences at 11 years of age for the girls and 4 and 13 years of age for the boys. There was a consistently higher incidence for boys in the younger age groups during the three-year-period studied. Peak incidences of new cases were reached in January, March and July through October for the age groups 5-9 and 10-14 years of age. No such seasonal variation was seen for children 0-4 years of age. The cumulative incidence of IDDM at 14 years of age was 3.2 per 1000 for the boys and 2.9 per 1000 for the girls. The degree of ascertainment in this study was 93.4%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in a North-Swedish population 1938-1977.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was studied retrospectively in children 0-14 years of age registered at a northern Swedish department of Paediatrics. In the years 1938-77, the new cases of IDDM registered were 307. The mean yearly incidences were 14.2 cases per 100,000 during 1938-42 and 37.9 cases per 100,000 during 1973-77. The lowest incidence rate of 10.2 per 100,000 was seen during the wartime, 1940-45. To investigate the changing age distribution, directly standardized rate ratios (SRR) were calculated for 4 ten-year periods. Significantly lower incidence (SRR = 73) was observed during the first period 1938-47 and significantly higher (SRR = 137) for the last period 1968-77 as compared to the whole period (SRR = 100). The increasing incidence during the last decade was especially marked for children below 5 years of age. The geographic variation between 11 community areas was measured by the indirectly standardized morbidity ratios (SMR) showing a range between 40 and 179. Peak incidences of new cases were seen during winter and summertime. The current (31 December 1977) prevalence of IDDM among children 0-14 years of age in Västerbotten was 3.0 per 1,000. Our study suggests that the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes among children has been increasing since 1938.

Adolescent↗