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Biomedical subjects

G Holan

Publications and source records attributed to G Holan.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial pulpotomy in a traumatized primary incisor with pulp exposure: case report.

Crown fracture with pulp exposure in primary incisors is a rare condition. Despite the fact that the vitality of the pulp can be preserved, such teeth are usually extracted due to lack of patient cooperation. This article reports a successful conservative treatment of a fractured primary incisors with pulp exposure and undeveloped root. The child was sedated with midazolam and nitrous oxide, and partial pulpotomy was performed using calcium hydroxide. Follow-up radiographs 21 weeks later revealed closure of the apex and apposition of a dentin bridge close to the amputation site.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of pulpectomies using ZOE and KRI paste in primary molars: a retrospective study.

Maintaining a successfully root-treated primary molar has the advantage of preserving the natural tooth--the best possible space maintainer. The purpose of this study was to compare the success of endodontic treatment of nonvital primary molars using ZOE with that of KRI paste. Of 78 necrotic primary molars, 34 were filled with ZOE and 44 with an iodoform-containing paste (KRI). The canals were prepared with files, rinsed with saline and filled with one of the resorbable pastes, using a spiral Lentulo on a low-speed handpiece. A radiograph was exposed immediately postoperatively to observe whether the root filling was flush, underfilled, or overfilled. The effect of length of fill on the treatment outcome also was evaluated. Teeth were examined periodically clinically and radiographically to assess success of the treatment. Follow-up interval varied from 12 to more than 48 months. Overall success rate for KRI paste was 84% versus 65% for ZOE, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overfilling with ZOE led to a failure rate of 59% as opposed to 21% for KRI (P < 0.02). Conversely, underfilling led to similar results, with a failure rate of 17% for ZOE and 14% for KRI. These results support the clinical efficacy of root filling with KRI paste as a treatment option for nonvital primary molars.

Camphor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temperature elevation in children following dental treatment under general anesthesia with or without prophylactic antibiotics.

Bacteremia, tissue damage, and dehydration are mentioned frequently as factors that might be responsible for postoperative temperature elevation (PTE). In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the influence of a single dose of oral amoxicillin administered 1 hr prior to the procedure on PTE was examined. Twenty-six healthy children (21 boys and 5 girls) 2 to 5 years old, who received dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) were evaluated. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and Fluothane and the patients were well-hydrated intravenously during the procedure. Half of the children received prophylactic antibiotic 1 hr prior to the procedure. The other half received a flavored syrup as placebo. Thirteen patients (50%) presented PTE (rectal temperature > or = 37.9 degrees C) 2-5 hr after extubation. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. However, no association was found between PTE and antibiotic administration or any of the parameters investigated such as, number of dental procedures, type of treatment performed, patient's weight, or change in temperature during dental treatment. (Pediatr Dent 15:99-103, 1993).

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal midazolam better at effecting amnesia after sedation than oral hydroxyzine: a pilot study.

Providing amnesia about a surgery is a desired side effect of a medication. This study compares anterograde amnesic effects of midazolam with hydroxyzine in children undergoing dental treatment with those drugs plus nitrous oxide, using a recall test. Thirty ASAI children 24-28 months, were shown a Standard-Binet intelligence scale-memory for objects subtest before entering treatment room. Twenty-lone randomly determined children received 3.7 mg/kg hydroxyzine 45 min before treatment or 0.2 mg/kg intranasal midazolam in two succeeding appointments, alternatively. Recall in the 30-subject treatment group was 90%. Recall in the 21-subject treatment group was 71% for hydroxyzine and 29% for midazolam. Midazolam was more effective in creating amnesia than hydroxyzine in this study.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage of class 2 Superbond-lined composite restorations with and without a cervical amalgam base.

The purposes of the present study were: 1) to assess the microleakage at the cervical margin of Superbond-lined composite restorations with and without a cervical amalgam base and compare the results to cervical margins of composite restorations lined with Scotchbond 2, and 2) to compare the quality of the occlusal margins of Superbond-lined P-50 restorations with those bonded with Scotchbond 2. Forty-eight class 2 cavities were prepared in extracted or exfoliated primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups and restored as follows: Group A, amalgam + Superbond + P-50 (sandwich); Group B, Superbond + P-50; Group C, Scotchbond 2 + P-50 (control). Marginal leakage was assessed by the degree of dye penetration on sections of the restored teeth. The occlusal margins presented no or minimal leakage (degrees 0 and 1) in 53% of Group A restorations, 60% of Group B, and 44% of Group C. These differences were not statistically significant (P<0.05). The cervical margins showed moderate to severe dye penetration (degrees 2 and 3) in 94% of Group A, 47% of Group B, and 87% of Group C. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The amalgam/Superbond/composite interface exhibited no leakage in 70% of the restorations. Although marginal leakage was not completely eliminated, Superbond exhibited significantly less leakage (P<0.05) at the cervical margins than Scotchbond 2 or amalgam with Superbond.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic value of coronal dark-gray discoloration in primary teeth following traumatic injuries.

The diagnostic value of dark-gray discoloration of the crown of primary incisors following traumatic injury as a predictor of pulp vitality is controversial. This retrospective study attempted to examine the condition of the pulp of primary incisors with dark-gray discoloration following traumatic injuries. Forty-eight gray caries-free, traumatized primary incisors were examined clinically and radiographically prior to treatment. All teeth included in the study were free of any clinical and/or radiographic signs of pulp necrosis. Crown discoloration was the only clinical or radiographic sign of pulp involvement. Pulpectomy was performed in five teeth within the first month after trauma, in 16 teeth during the second month, 11 teeth between 2 and 6 months, seven teeth between 6 and 12 months, and three teeth after more than a year. In six teeth the time of injury was unknown. Endodontic treatment was initiated without local anesthetic under rubber dam, access to the pulp chamber with high speed, and debridement with a barbed broach. Assessment of the pulp condition was made upon opening the pulp chamber, as follows: Vital-pulp bled when exposed; partial necrosis-bleeding disclosed at the apical area during debridement; total necrosis-no bleeding was observed. Pulp necrosis was found in 37 teeth (77.1%), 10 teeth (20.8%) presented partial necrosis, and only one tooth (2.1%) had a vital pulp. Dark-gray discoloration of primary incisors could be interpreted as an early sign of pulp degeneration that would deteriorate into necrosis. Moreover, discolored primary incisors can be necrotic even without presenting tenderness to percussion, increased mobility, and periapical osteitis.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of Class II combined amalgam-composite restorations in primary molars after 6 to 30 months.

Composites are claimed to be inappropriate for Class II restoration due to polymerization shrinkage. The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic appearance of Class II combined amalgam composite restorations in primary molars. Conventional cavities (groups A & B) were restored with 1mm thick amalgam at the cervical floor covered by a posterior composite (Estilux Posterior). In group A Amalgambond was placed between the layers: in group B conventional enamel bond was applied. Vertical increments of Estilux Posterior over enamel bond restored cavities of group C. A fluted carbide bur and Sof-lex discs finished all restorations. Criteria developed by Cvar & Ryge (1971) were used for clinical evaluation of 39 restorations (12, 16 and 11 of Groups A, B and C respectively). No complaints of pain or discomfort were reported during the 6-30 months (mean 15.3) follow-up period. All groups presented excellent surface appearance. Ninety-two percent of group A and 100 percent of groups B & C presented excellent marginal adaptation. Anatomic form was excellent in 92 percent, 8 percent and 100 percent of groups A, B and C respectively. The underlying amalgam was visible through the composite of groups A & B reducing the percentage of excellent ratings of color match to 33 percent and 38 percent respectively, with 9 percent in Group C. This difference was significant (P < 0.02). Secondary caries was observed in two teeth (group A & C). Radiographs presented radiolucent area at the amalgam-composite interface only in one restoration (group A) and one at the tooth-composite interface (group C). Bubbles were found in 6.6 percent of group A; 12.5 percent of group and 64 percent of group C (p < 0.01). This study detected differences between the groups only in color match and the presence of bubbles.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of midazolam and hydroxyzine as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients.

The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. Twenty-nine healthy two-to-four-year-old children participated in the study. Hydroxyzine was dripped nasally 10 minutes before treatment. The patient's crying, alertness, movement and general behavior were blindly assessed and statistically analyzed. No differences were found between the mean general behavior scores nor between the first and second visits in both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.02) was found in the acceptance of the face and nasal masks by children of the midazolam group between the first and second appointments. None of the children of this group cried nor moved at the first visit. The results of the study indicate that midazolam is somewhat more effective than hydroxyzine as a sedative agent for short procedures in young pediatric dental patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ferric sulfate versus dilute formocresol in pulpotomized primary molars: long-term follow up.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ferric sulfate (FS) to that of dilute formocresol (DFC) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars. Ninety-six primary molars in 72 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. Fifty-eight teeth were treated by a FS solution for 15 sec, rinsed, and covered by zinc oxide-eugenol paste (ZOE). In another 38 teeth, a cotton pellet moistened with 20% DFC was placed for 5 min, removed, and the pulp stumps were covered by ZOE paste. The teeth of both groups were sealed by a second layer of intermediate restorative material (IRM) and restored with a stainless steel crown. This is a report of the clinical and radiographic examination of 55 teeth dressed with FS and 37 teeth fixed with DFC, that have been treated 6 to 34 months previously (mean 20.5 months). Four teeth were excluded from the study due to failure of the patient to present for recall. Success rates of 92.7% for the FS, and of 83.8% for the DFC were not significantly different. Four teeth (7.2%) of the FS group and two (5.4%) of the DFC group presented internal resorption. Inter-radicular radiolucencies were observed in two teeth of the FS group and three teeth of the DFC group. The latter also presented periapical lesions. Success rates of both groups were similar to those of previous studies utilizing the traditional Buckley's formocresol.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of internal bevel on marginal leakage at the approximal surface of Class 2 composite restorations.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intentionally leaving undermined enamel (internal bevel) along the cervical margins of class 2 composites on marginal leakage. Conventional MO and DO cavity preparations were prepared in 25 extracted permanent premolars. In each tooth the cervical margin was a butt-joint for the control group and an internal bevel for the experimental group. A transparent celluloid matrix was adapted and the teeth were restored with scotchbond Multi-Purpose and increments of Z100. A U-shaped increment was attached to the buccal and lingual walls and cervical floor of the box, leaving a gap for a middle increment. A third increment filled the occlusal part of the cavity. Following thermocycling the teeth were immersed in basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and 0.5 mm-wide sections were cut in a mesiodistal direction. Dye penetration was scored: 0 = no penetration; 1 = dye along enamel tooth interface; 2 = dye along the gingival floor; 3 = dye along pulpal wall; 4 = dye penetration into dentinal tubules. The experimental group showed 17 teeth (68%) with no dye penetration, compared to eight (32%) in the control group. Severe dye penetration (score 4) was found in only four teeth (16%) of the experimental group and 12 (48%) of the controls. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test; P < 0.01). This study showed that an internal bevel at the cervical margins of class 2 composite restorations reduces marginal leakage when compared to a conventional butt-joint cavity preparation.

Composite Resins↗