[Neodymium YAG laser iridotomy in glaucoma with narrow chamber angle and pupillary block glaucoma].
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Glaucoma↗
Biomedical subjects
G Hofmann
Publications and source records attributed to G Hofmann.
[Complementary acoustic EEG control while recording early acoustically evoked potentials].
An easily performed method for the additional acoustical assessment of the EEG quality by the investigator during recording of human brainstem potentials is presented. By means of feedback of the audibly transposed "noiselike" EEG voltage to the opposite ear of the examined subject (instead of the usual masking noise) the subject can perceive self-produced disturbances (muscle activities) and minimize them for the period of examination. An example shows how this additional rejection of artifacts via "biofeedback" can effectively support methods that are already in use.
Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
[Is YAG laser iridotomy suitable for the prevention of glaucoma attacks?].
In a prospective clinical trial comprising 41 eyes with narrow-angle glaucoma, the patency of YAG laser iridotomy was checked using a rapidly-acting parasympatholytic drug. YAG laser iridotomy was performed after an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma, in either the affected or the fellow eye. Tropicamide mydriasis had no effect on IOP either in the patient group or in the control group of ten normotensive eyes.
Glaucoma↗
Reproduction of postprandial neurotensin plasma levels by intravenous neurotensin and the effect of neurotensin on exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans.
A fatty meal releases neurotensin immunoreactivity from the small bowel in humans and dogs, and an infusion of synthetic neurotensin elicits exocrine pancreatic secretion in these species. It is not clear, however, which amount of exogenous neurotensin will reproduce endogenous neurotensin plasma levels as postprandial neurotensin immunoreactivity is composed of several fragments of neurotensin without biologic activity in addition to intact neurotensin. In order to clarify this question, we infused 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 pmol/kg/min synthetic Gln4-neurotensin in four volunteers, determined neurotensin plasma levels with a radioimmunoassay recognizing only intact neurotensin, and collected duodenal contents for estimation of pancreatic secretion. On another day, we determined neurotensin plasma levels after a fatty meal. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on postprandial plasma samples. We found a stimulatory action of neurotensin on pancreatic secretion of volume enzymes and bicarbonate beginning with 1.25 pmol/kg/min neurotensin. The neurotensin plasma level after infusion of this dose of synthetic neurotensin was 69 pg/ml; after the meal, maximal neurotensin plasma concentration was 50 pg/ml (basal neurotensin plasma levels in both investigations were subtracted). HPLC indicated the presence of the tridecapeptide known to be the active molecular form of neurotensin in postprandial plasma. These results suggested that neurotensin plays a role as an endocrine hormone in the postprandial regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans.
Dietary Fats↗
[Organic psychosyndrome with and without lithium therapy].
After two years of treatment with Lithium-salts we did not find organic brain syndrome. Lithium treated patients have improved in thinking, concentration, the short-time memory, attention and conception. Control group did not have this improvement. Lithium-treated patients seemed to have more self-confidence, more flexibility and are able to master problems in a better way. Control group patients were more dependent on their moods and therefore did not improve in efficiency.
Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
The influence of masking on the ipsi- and contralateral brainstem evoked potential.
We have examined clinically and experimentally the masking effects of white noise in registering brainstem evoked potentials and determining the Jewett-wave V. We studied input-output functions as well as latency periods of evoked potentials with masking of non-stimulated contralateral ears in 18 children aged 5-14 years. When differences of 50 dB or more were found between stimulation and masking, the Jewett-wave V could be partially suppressed. Other changes observed included alterations in potential and phase, as well as shifts in the latency period of the potentials. The clinical importance of the measurements determined indicates that findings may be used in examining patients with unilateral sensory hearing impairments to formulate possible differential diagnoses.
Adolescent↗
[Epidemiology of suicide in Upper Austria].
In the years 1977-1980 1242 people committed suicide in Upper Austria. This affects 3 times more men than women. Distribution of age shows a slightly increasing tendency at higher age. More than 50% of the cases are committing suicide by hanging or strangulation. There are no clear seasonal assignments to be seen, though in February and August there are definitely less suicide cases than at other times, and in spring a slight increase can be stated. Of the 1242 patients 259 had already once been in stationary care of a psychiatric hospital. The majority of this group had left hospital more than one year before. Only with 7.7% suicide was committed within one week after leaving hospital. The distribution of diagnoses of previously hospitalized suicide patients shows a majority of neuroses and abnormal personalities, whereas endogenous psychoses have been diagnosed in about one third of the patients. It may be assumed that psychosis alone cannot be regarded as cause for committing suicide. An evaluation of suicidal tendency should principally be carried through at dismissal.
Adolescent↗
[Long-term treatment and rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients].
In summary it can be said that a treatment plan of a phase specific combination of psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic measures in the multidisciplinary context of psychiatric rehabilitation yields considerable success in the reintegration of schizophrenic patients into society. To achieve this, an individually tapered rehabilitation program together with psychopharmacologic long-term therapy within an integrated psychiatric model is necessary.
Antipsychotic Agents↗
[Attitude to mental patients specific for various professions].
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Intragastric bile acid and lysolecithin in gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer.
In 99 patients with different types of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma the intragastric concentrations of bile acids and lysolecithin was analyzed under fasting, basal and pentagastrin-stimulated conditions. Normal concentrations were found in type III gastric ulcer (prepyloric). There was a three- to four fold increased reflux concentration in the mean of patients with gastric ulcer type I but some patients showed normal values too. The calculated reflux rate was also slightly elevated. In duodenal ulcer normal concentrations could be observed with the exception of a slight increase under fasting conditions. In gastric carcinoma of the proximal half normal reflux concentrations were found. Distal gastric carcinoma was associated with a two- to three-fold increase of bile acids as well as lysolecithin concentration. The same was found concerning the reflux rate. Our results demonstrated a comparable low increase of duodenogastric reflux concentration in proximal gastric ulcer and distal gastric carcinoma. They give no evidence for a major role of reflux in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer.
Bile Acids and Salts↗
[Homes for psychiatric patients].
Home accommodation for psychiatric patients has to be adjusted to the needs of patients. We refer about the situation in Upper Austria, where we have short-term and long-term boarding houses as well as homes for old psychiatric patients. There are 140 patients living in such houses. We discuss the criterias of place of the home, working conditions, matters of team-work and choice of patients.
Austria↗
Thermotropic lipid phase separations in human platelet and rat liver plasma membranes.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were conducted on human platelet plasma membranes using 5-nitroxide stearate, I(12,3). The polarity-corrected order parameter S and polarity-uncorrected order parameters S(T parallel) and S(T perpendicular) were independent of probe concentration at low I(12.3)/membrane protein ratios. At higher ratios, S and S(T perpendicular) decreased with increasing probe concentration while S(T parallel) remained unchanged. This is the result of enhanced radical interactions due to probe clustering. A lipid phase separation occurs in platelet membranes that segregates I(12,3) for temperatures less than 37 degrees C. As Arrhenius plots of platelet acid phosphatase activity exhibit a break at 35 to 36 degrees C, this enzyme activity may be influenced by the above phase separation. Similar experiments were performed on native [cholesterol/phospholipid ratio (C/P) = 0.71] and cholesterol-enriched [C/P = 0.85] rat liver plasma membranes. At 36 degrees C, cholesterol loading reduces I(12,3) flexibility and decreases the probe ratio at which radical interactions are apparent. The latter effects are attributed to the formation of cholesterol-rich lipid domains, and to the inability of I(12,3) to partition into these domains because of steric hinderance. Cholesterol enrichment increases both the high temperature onset of the phase separation occurring in liver membranes from 28 degrees to 37 degrees C and the percentage of probe-excluding, cholesterol-rich lipid domains at elevated temperatures. A model is discussed attributing the lipid phase separation in native liver plasma membranes to cholesterol-rich and -poor domains. As I(12,3) behaves similarly in cholesterol-enriched liver and human platelet plasma membranes, cholesterol-rich and -poor domains probably exist in both systems at physiologic temperatures.
Acid Phosphatase↗
The clinical and therapeutical aspects of schizo-affective psychosis.
According to our three series of examinations, we have found a way of differentiating between nuclear schizophrenics and manic-depressives in schizo-affective disorders. Only a very small amount of all people diagnosed as schizophrenics (about 3%) have to be put under the category of schizo-affective disorders (Legierungspsychose) sensu strictiori. But in this well-defined group, there is a relation between the symptomatology of the acute stage and the long-term course of the disorder. There is also a better indication for long-term therapy in schizo-affective disorders, because the differentiation in psychopathology also means a better-differentiated therapy with better long-term results.
Antidepressive Agents↗
[Biotransformation und pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Studies on biotransformation].
The metabolism of the antiphlogistic beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) was investigated in urine after oral application in male Wistar-rats. Metabolite with the major share was alpha-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-alpha-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]- 4-aceticacidmethylester, which could be identified by mass and 1H-NMR spectroscopy as derivative of diazomethane. Furthermore the following metabolites could be detected as 4'-methoxy-beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanoicmethylester and propanenitrile.
Animals↗
[Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Synthesis of reference compounds].
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Animals↗
[Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-propanenitrile (LU 20,884) in rats. Spectroscopic studies].
Several compounds of comparison have been examined by their spectroscopic behavior in mass-, 1H-NMR- and IR-spectra of the antiphlogistic active beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20,884). Characteristic fragments of alkyl-substituted biphenyls could be determined as well as the localisation of hydroxylated products in 1H-NMR-spectra.
Animals↗
[Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Studies on pharmacokinetics].
After oral application in Wistar rats the pharmacokinetic properties of beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) were investigated. The compound is extensively absorbed, a maximum amount of 8.9% being eliminated as unchanged drug. The half-life in plasma is 22.7 h; the highest concentration in plasma is reached after 6.85 h. The maximum of the primary product is achieved after 4 h which substantiates its intensive and fast rate of metabolism. The distribution of LU 20884 is to be seen in the whole organism. An enrichment of activity is to be found in liver and kidney. The lowest concentration can be detected in brain. The elimination takes place almost equally in urine (44.7%) and feces (41.3%). The total excretion of the administered activity is 86.0% after 96 h; 1.8% of the activity still remains in the organism.
Animals↗