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Biomedical subjects

G Hidden

Publications and source records attributed to G Hidden.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Thoracic duct collaterals of lymphatic and pulmonary origin. Anatomy and chylothorax after pulmonary surgery].

Dye injection of lung segments reveals the existence of lymphatic drainage of the lungs generally into cervical venous confluents and more rarely into the arch of the thoracic duct in the neck and also occasionally into the thoracic duct in the mediastinum. Direct drainage of the lymph into the thoracic duct was observed in 10 cases out of a series of 589 injections of lung segments in adult cadavers. In one half of cases, the thoracic duct was injected from the left suprabronchial lymph node chain, the origin of the left recurrent chain, and in one quarter of cases from the lateral anteroposterior right major azygos and left azygo-aortic lymph node chains, not recognised by the classical authors. More rarely, direct lymphatic collaterals drained certain segments of the lower lobes into the thoracic duct via the triangular ligament. Analysis of cases of chylothorax occurring after lung resection and observed in the authors' department or in the literature reveals that most of them can be attributed to a chyle leak from one of these pulmonary lymph collaterals. These pathways are probably also involved in the development of medical or idiopathic chylothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Direct lymphatic drainage of lung segments to the mediastinal nodes. An anatomic study on 260 adults.

The subpleural lymphatics of 483 lung segments were injected in cadavers of 260 adult subjects. The injected lymph vessels corresponded to the pulmonary segmentation in 91% of the cases and remained close by in the other cases. Direct passages to the mediastinal nodes were observed in 54 of 243 right lung segments injected (22.2%) and 60 of 240 left lung segments (25%). Among a total of 114 direct passages observed, 99 remained superficial in the pleura, half of them composed of a single vessel. These passages have been observed more frequently in the segments of the upper lobes. Injections of basal segments in the right and left lower lobes showed fewer of these direct passages to the mediastinal lymph nodes and also demonstrated direct lymph vessels to lymph nodes located at the origin of the upper lobar bronchi. In two dissections of the right upper lobe, the drainage went directly to the right venous jugular-subclavian junction, and in three dissections from three right terminal basal segments the lymph vessel went directly to the thoracic duct in its mediastinal passage. Direct contralateral lymph pathways were observed five times, four of them from basal segments of lower lobes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A study in organogenesis: the arterial supply of the anorectal region in the human embryo and fetus. Anatomic and embryologic bases of anorectal malformations.

The development of the anorectal region is based on differentiation of the terminal portion of the hindgut. The origin of anorectal malformations is still unknown but seems to occur very early in the embryologic period. To gain a better understanding of their development, a study of the arterial supply of the anorectal region was made in 26 embryos and 50 fetuses.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral venous sinuses: anatomical variants or thrombosis?

Anatomical variations of the posterosuperior dural venous sinuses and, in particular, the absence or hypoplasia of one of them has been described in several studies. However, no recent detailed analysis on the subject exists. Cerebral venous thrombosis is quite often evoked, although rarely confirmed, when the physician is faced with patients having various neurological problems. In fact, for a number of cases the image interpreted as thrombosis is nothing but the total or partial absence of a dural sinus. It was considered of interest to undertake an anatomical study in order to define these variations. The results of anatomoradiological investigations of 70 fresh cadavers were compared to those obtained by angiographic examination of 100 patients not suffering from any kind of venous pathology (patients explored angiographically for glioma, meningioma or aneurysm). Our conclusions and a review of the embryology literature enabled us to demonstrate that a number of radiological findings, quite often considered pathognomonic of venous thrombosis (i.e. 'delta sign'), are in fact the result of anatomical variations.

Cerebral Veins↗
PubMed1988

[Peripheral subpleural intrapulmonary lymph nodes. Apropos of a clinical case and an anatomical case].

The authors report the case of a round, peripheral radiographic opacity ("coin lesion" of English-language authors) which after surgical excision was found to be an intrapulmonary lymph node. In an anatomical study on the lymphatic drainage of pulmonary segments in adults, a similar lesion was found among 483 injected segments. A review of the literature yielded 27 similar cases which are described in detail. These lymph nodes are probably more frequent than is generally believed, as shown by an experimental radiolymphographic study. Such clinical findings will no doubt be rendered more numerous by the improved sensitivity of new medical imaging techniques. Despite hypotheses put forward by the authors, the presence of these lymph nodes, which seem to be acquired by the adult lung, has not yet been explained.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Transfer of free lymphatic flaps . Microsurgery and anatomical study].

Results of an experimental study in the rat showed that a healthy gland transplanted into a lymphedematous zone can function for a sustained period and improve the edema. It is possible, therefore, without adversely affecting the lower limb lymphatic circulation, to transplant the superior external group of inguinal glands into the axilla of a "big arm".

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The cervical vertebral venous plexus and anastomoses with the cranial venous sinuses].

Despite Breschet's detailed description of the vertebral venous system in 1819, it was only in 1940, that Batson demonstrated the preponderant role it plays in the propagation of metastatic carcinomatosis, infection or gas emboli. Although many authors were interested by Batson's theories, but nobody argued on Breschet anatomical description. In their effort to study the role of the venous system in encephalic blood drainage, the authors were confronted with anatomical constatations which differed considerably from the initial descriptions. They also evidenced the existing anatomoses between the cerebral venous sinuses and the vertebral venous system. These anastomoses being the hypoglossal plexus and condylary vein. The emissary veins, if they existing during embryogenesis, most rapidly atrophy to completely disappear in adult.

Cranial Sinuses↗
PubMed1986

[Intertracheobronchial lymph nodes: lymph inflow and outflow in lung segments from 200 adult subjects].

Topographic anatomy of the intertracheobronchial lymp nodes has been thoroughly studies and is now well known. Cinetic aspects of the lymphatic flux passing through these lymph nodes is not completely understood. Supleural lymphatics of lung segments were injected in 200 adults. Almost 300 segments were then injected among the different lobes. The intertracheobronchial lymph node group was interested by the afferencies of 3 segments out of 5. It was injected only once out of 5 from the upper lobes but in 90 to 100% of segmental injections of the lower lobes. Nine times out of ten, the middle lobe was drained by this group, the lingula less than on time out of fife. In almost one third of the cases, the injection was localized to this group and without further progression. This phenomenon was more frequent in the injections of the left lung. The other times the injection continued toward the latero tracheal ascendent chains : right paratracheal chain and esophageal-tracheal, left recurrent chain (left latero or paratracheal). In one third of the cases, only one of these chain was interested and in one time out of two, the right paratracheal chain was concerned. The other times, the injection continued in 2 chains, occasionally three. If these findings are analyzed in regard to the side injected, a contralateral lymphatic drainage is observed either from the left or from the right side. Finally, in less than 10% of the cases, there was a drainage of this group towards the thoracic duct in the mediastinum. Scarcely, it was observed a descendant drainage pathway to the abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Lymphatic drainage of the pulmonary segments in the adult: clinical facts and anatomical confirmation].

Anatomical descriptions of the pulmonary lymphatics come mostly from data collected on the fetus or the newborn. Few studies refer to the respective drainage of the different segments, owing to their recent identification. However, the surgeon operating a lung must know whether a given region can drain directly into the mediastinal lymph nodes, and where exactly it drains. Clinical observations tend to favour this possibility. In fact, it is not rare that tumors considered as N.O., that is without any involvement of hilum lymph nodes recur in the mediastinum. In addition, the systematic excision of mediastinal lymphatic chains, being carried out by out surgical team for more than 2 years, has shown the presence of mediastinal nodes in a lot of tumors of this type. The anatomical study which started 8 months ago is presented here and fully confirm this theory. Il showed the presence of collectors leading directly to the mediastinal lymph nodes, the possibility of contra-lateral drainage and of ducts leading directly to the supra-clavicular regions.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1985

Lymphaticovenous communications. Role of the lymph nodes.

There is a physiological necessity for the existence of lymphaticovenous communications in points other than the terminal entry of the lymphatic trunks into the superior caval system. These communications are frequently seen, as well in clinical practice as in experimentation, when there is an obstacle to the downstream lymphatic flow, but their exact nature cannot be determined. We have been able to demonstrate on the rat that such communications are established within the lymph nodes. We shall discuss the physiological importance of our findings together with a review of the literature and consider their clinical and therapeutic consequences.

Animals↗