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Biomedical subjects

G Hebenstreit

Publications and source records attributed to G Hebenstreit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Analyses of energy metabolism and mitochondrial genome in post-mortem brain from patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Biochemical and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed in post-mortem brain tissue from seven patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type and age- and sex-matched controls. We analysed all complexes of the respiratory chain in four regions, i.e. temporal, parietal, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Although enzymes representing complex II, III and IV were reduced in activity, succinate cytochrome c reductase was significantly reduced only in the parietal and temporal cortex. However, Southern blot analyses with two restriction enzymes excluded any deletions larger than 500 bp in parietal and entorhinal cortex. It is concluded that there seems to be no specific respiratory chain defect in Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Neurochemical perspectives to the function of monoamine oxidase.

Dopamine (DA) is degraded in part by MAO, an intraneuronal and glial enzyme localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane. DA is a good substrate for MAO-B and selegiline enhances DA-transmission and improves akinesia of Parkinson's disease (PD) by selective MAO-B blockade. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and histochemistry (HC) demonstrate that neurons of substantia nigra (SN) lack MAO near totally (but see Moll et al 1988). Consequently, inhibition of MAO-B in this brain area occurs mainly in glial cells. Therefore an increase of DA in glia seems to be of long-lasting therapeutic benefit in PD. In addition, synthesis of hydrogen peroxide generated via MAO-B is blocked by selegiline. By this toxicity by endogenous free radicals is diminished. Furthermore, exogenous neurotoxicity by MAO-B substrates can be prevented by inhibition of MAO-B, while such MAO-A substrates are metabolized at the level of the MAO-A containing endothelium of capillaries. As conclusion, selegiline is a safe inhibitor of MAO-B that reduces neurotoxicity possibly triggering PD. (Table: see text).

Brain↗
PubMed1989

[Neurochemical perspectives of the function of monoamine oxidases].

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and its subtypes MAO-A and MAO-B show different distribution in post mortem human brain areas. While MAO-B is the predominant type in glial tissue, intraneuronal MAO is either of type A (locus coeruleus, only 10% of substantia nigra neurons stain MAO-A), while raphe neurons contain entirely MAO-B. Inhibition of MAO-subtypes leads to accumulation of biogenic amines in glial tissue while there is a selective intraneuronal influence differing between various brain areas. Generation of toxic end-products (eg. aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia) may contribute to trigger or at least to progress Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with imipramine in depressive disorder (DSM-III): an Austrian double-blind, multicentre study.

The antidepressant efficacy, tolerability, and safety of moclobemide, a reversible, monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, were compared with those of imipramine in parallel groups of patients with a major depressive episode, in a 4-week, multicentre (17 centres), randomised study. A total of 381 patients were randomly allocated to either treatment; they were not required to avoid tyramine-rich foods. Drop-out rates were comparable in both groups at about 17%. Judged primarily on the HRSD, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between the groups, but the number of patients presenting with adverse events, as well as the total number of adverse events, was greater with imipramine. Cardiovascular tolerability was satisfactory and physical examination, body weight, and laboratory values were essentially unaffected in both groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain.

Significant differences in the content of iron (III) and total iron were found in post mortem substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease. There was an increase of 176% in the levels of total iron and 225% of iron (III) in the substantia nigra of the parkinsonian patients compared to age matched controls. In the cortex (Brodmann area 21), hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus there was no significant difference in the levels of iron (III) and total iron. Thus the changes in total iron, iron (III) and the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in the parkinsonian substantia nigra are likely to be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of this disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Information status and public opinion on the social psychiatric position of epilepsy in western Lower Austria].

The state of information and the public opinion concerning the epileptic's psychosocial rank in the West of Lower Austria are similar to the results in the Federal Republic of Germany in many respects. But on the other hand there are also many differences. Many of the interviewed ones reacted in the sense of "centrality of concerness". Questions concerning society in general, the answers were liberal and partly even outgoing. When the own persons or the own family got involved answers were significantly less positive than in Western Europe or the USA. Answers concerning employment of epileptics were reflecting the socio-economic situation of the different countries at the moment of the interview. If there was a better socio-economic background it also was easier to make a motion for employment of epileptics. The age-group between 30 and 40 years proved to be best informed and most outgoing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Sándor Ferenczi's theoretical achievement].

The Hungarian Sándor Ferenczi has not only been a very close friend of Sigmund Freud and an outstanding representative of the psychoanalytic movement, but also an excellent man of early "Tiefenpsychologie". In the most valuable part of his research - the investigation of the sense of reality - he made a step into future tendencies of psychoanalysis, the ego-psychoanalysis. He was able to modify the analytic technique, a fact which in those days caused quite a bit of criticism by the psychoanalytic movement and by Freud himself too.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1982

[Freud, Ferenczi and psychoanalysis in Hungary (author's transl)].

Psychoanalysis in Hungary was created and developed for a long time under the influence of the Austrian psychoanalysis and especially by Sigmund Freud personally. The key-figure in the history of the Hungarian psychoanalysis was Sándor Ferenczi, who in his theoretical works in many respects anticipated the ego-psychology. After 1933 the political development harmed the Budapest school of psychoanalysis, which was erased 1948. After 1957 a little renaissance of the movement was possible.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1981

[Treatment of hypotension caused by psychopharmacological drugs (author's transl)].

By monitoring the clinical symptoms and several cardiovascular parameters in patients treated with psychopharmacological agents the effect of the peripheric alpha-sympathomimetic drug midodrine was compared with that of a placebo. The side effects produced by neuroleptics and thymoleptics as hypotension showed to be antagonizable by midrodrine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Correlations between psychopathology and EEG patterns in epilepsy (author's transl)].

Summarizing we could see that the EEG-records in our 340 patients comprising study proved to be a parameter of prediction of the psychiatric state and behavior and we could observe that patients having a normal or only slightly impaired EEG-pattern also used to be in a much better psychiatric state, then patients with severely disturbed EEG-records. Results of statistically very high significance we could especially observe in the field of the objective tests. concerning quickness and exactness of judgement and the cortical arousal we had much better results when there were no special EEG-activities. But also in the field of the brain-capacity-tests and subjective self-rating-tests the group with severely disturbed EEG-records had worse results. We even could observe in some parameters a difference favoring group one having a normal EEG compared to group two with only slightly impaired EEG-patterns.

Dementia↗
PubMed1979

[Indoor treatment of involutional depressions in cerebro-vascular insufficiency (author's transl)].

In this study we are reporting about our results concerning a combined therapy of short-time hospitalized patients, who suffered from an involutional depression and a cerebro-vascular-insufficiency. All patients had been treated outdoor without sufficient results before this. We could see, that all patients who had suffered their acute state within the last 18 months had good or very good improvements. Patients suffering already for several years showed no improvement in spite of all our efforts to promote the cerebral blood flow, the metabolic situation and the environment situation. These results proved, that one should start with a proper therapy of infusions and workshop rehabilitation immediately after the first sign of an involutional depression and cerebro-vascular-insufficiency.

Adult↗