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Biomedical subjects

G Hauge

Publications and source records attributed to G Hauge.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with MLL rearrangements following DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors, an increasing problem: report on two new cases and review of the literature since 1992.

A highly increased risk of myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is well established in patients previously treated for other malignancies with alkylating agents or topoisomerase II inhibitors. More recently, single cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), often presenting balanced translocations involving chromosome band 11q23, have been observed. We present two such cases with t(4;11)(q21;q23), one of whom had previously received only single-agent chemotherapy with 4-epi-doxorubicin. A review of the literature since 1992 including these two patients reveals a total of 23 cases of ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma after chemotherapy presenting balanced translocations to 11q23. All 23 patients had previously received at least one topoisomerase II inhibitor, and in two patients 4-epi-doxorubicin had been administered as single-agent chemotherapy for breast cancer. The latency period to development of t-ALL was 24 months or less in 20 out of 22 cases. The MLL gene was found to be rearranged in 14 out of 14 cases, and in three out of six cases the breakpoint was at the telomeric part of the gene, as observed in most cases of AML following therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors. These results indicate that patients with ALL and balanced translocations to chromosome band 11q23 following chemotherapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors in the future should be included with cases of MDS or AML in calculations of risk of leukaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The early history of the Danish twin registry].

The Danish Twin Registry was initiated at the Copenhagen University Institute for Human Genetics in 1954 by professor Tage Kemp and his assistants, Bent Harvald and Mogens Hauge. The project was until 1960 primarily financed by US National Cancer Institutes. Twin pairs both of same and different sex, born 1870-1910 were drawn from the birth registers and followed-up through the national registers until death or present place of living. Later on same sex pairs born 1911-30 were added. Besided cancer a multitude of other disorders were registered. Intensive studies on identical twins grown up apart were undertaken by Niels Juel-Nielsen, on criminal behaviour by Karl O. Christiansen, on smoking habits by Elisabeth Raaschou-Nielsen, on peptic ulcer by Kaj Gotlieb Jensen, on schizophrenia by Margit Fischer. Among early remarkable results should be mentioned the modest influence of genetic versus environmental factors in most cases of cancer, the strong genetic impact in mental and moral qualities, the approximate genetic/environmental ratio of 50/50 for the orgin of criminal behaviour and a corresponding ratio of 25/75 for life expectancy. In 1971 the Danish Twin Registry was moved to Odense Universty.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1991

Contact activation factors in plasma from women using oral contraceptives--increased levels of factor XII, kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen and acetone-activated kallikrein.

The plasma levels of FXII, prekallikrein (PK) and high- and low molecular weight kininogens (HK and LK) were measured in women on low estrogen dose (30-40 micrograms ethinylestradiol) oral contraceptives (OC) and in controls. FXIIa was assayed in acetone-treated citrated plasma (CPL) with PK and the tetrapeptide S-2222 as substrates, and in acetone-treated citrated plasma with benzamidine (BPL) with PK as substrate. The level of FXII was found to be about 20% higher in OC-plasma than in control plasma. Kallikrein was assayed in CPL with S-2222 as substrate and in BPL with the tripeptide S-2302 as substrate. No difference in PK-level was observed in the CPL-based method, whereas an increase in kallikrein activity of about 30% was registered in BPL. The levels of HK and LK were estimated both in rocket immunoassay and in bioassay of released kinin. No difference in HK-level could be registered in immunoassay, whereas the bioassay revealed a HK-level in OC-plasma of 40% of the control level. Immunoblot studies showed that a substantial part of HK in OC-plasma was present as kinin-free protein (mol. wt. 103 KD), assumed to possess a higher cofactor potency than that of native HK. Both in bioassay and immunoassay the level of LK was found to be 60% higher in OC-plasma than in control plasma. Considered together the observations on contact factors made in this study provide support for the assumption of an increased readiness for contact activation in plasma from women using OC.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of an overactive gag reflex: two cases.

Two cases are presented in which avoidance of dental work was caused by an overactive gag reflex rather than fear. Subjects were able to demonstrate increased control of gagging in the laboratory, and to complete a series of dental visits immediately after treatment and again at 6 or 12 month follow-up. Assessment and treatment strategies which were developed with these subjects are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Characteristics of clients seeking therapy for the reduction of dental avoidance: reactions to pain.

Avoidant dental patients responding to advertisements offering behavioral treatment for avoidance of dentistry were compared with patients particularly low in dental fear along a number of dimensions. Factors which discriminated between the two groups were: gender; the neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory; several self-reported reactions to past dental treatment; tolerance for dental (but not non-dental) pain; state anxiety during pain testing; and a measure of "efficacy". This last finding suggested that avoidant subjects saw themselves as less able to tolerate electrical tooth pulp stimulation and dental treatment than did their fearless counterparts, but no different in ability to tolerate pain irrelevant to dentistry (shock to the forearm).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reactions to pain among subjects high and low in dental fear.

Differential pain tolerance might account for the diversity of reactions commonly seen in response to stressful medical and dental procedures. College students reporting themselves either highly fearful or nonfearful of dental work were compared in several aspects of their reactions to dental and nondental pain. The two groups did not differ in pain threshold or pain tolerance assessed during tooth pulp stimulation or during electrical stimulation of the forearm. High-dental fear subjects, however, retrospectively rated tooth shock (but not arm shock) more painful than low-fear subjects. High-fear subjects also showed significantly greater affective reactions assessed via the Anxiety Differential during both tolerance tests, with the group differences greater in magnitude during tooth shock than arm shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Reports of pain after dental treatment, electrical tooth pulp stimulation, and cutaneous shock.

A growing body of literature suggests that pain is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of apprehension toward dental treatment. These findings are often at variance with dental practitioners' impressions that routine dental treatment is virtually painless. Data from this study suggest that routine dental treatment is seldom perceived by regular patients as painless but is seen as low in intensity of pain compared with mild laboratory stressors. These data are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that dental treatment is relatively painless. However, this conclusion conflicts with data supporting the importance of pain in dental fear, and possible reasons for the discrepancy are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Why is telling right from left more difficult than telling above from below?

Adults take longer to judge the locations of horizontal stimuli than to judge the locations of vertical stimuli. In order to determine the source of this difficulty with the horizontal dimension, the congruity between the locations of stimuli and verbal descriptions was judged in a reaction time (RT) task. Because bilateral symmetry of the nervous system may be related to the difficulty with horizontal stimuli, this was varied by using right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous subjects. However, this variable produced no significant effects in the RT task. Horizontal stimuli took longer than vertical stimuli whether the verbal description was encoded before or during the RT periods, suggesting that label encoding is not the entire source of the effect. However, when the verbal labels were eliminated entirely by having subjects learn and use stimulus-letter pairs, horizontal stimuli did not take longer than vertical stimuli. This suggests that perception of the stimulus is not the cause of the difficulty. Together, the experiments indicated that comparing horizontal labels to stimuli is the largest source of the difficulty in telling right from left. Reasons why adults have such a problem were discussed.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-report and psychophysiological effects of five pain-coping strategies.

One hundred nulliparous college female undergraduates were randomly assigned to a series of 10 treatment groups that comprised a variety of cognitive-behavioral pain-coping strategies designed as part of a labor preparation analogue. The efficacy of these treatments was subsequently assessed during a one-hour session involving twenty 80-sec exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus patterned to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self-reported pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. One of the cognitive strategies--sensory transformation--was found to have a significant effect on self-reported pain. Analyses conducted on the other five dependent variables failed to show significant treatment effects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗