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Biomedical subjects

G Hall

Publications and source records attributed to G Hall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mammary adenocarcinoma in four mares.

Mammary gland adenocarcinoma in 4 horses was characterized by firm swelling of the gland and serosanguineous discharge from the teat orifice. Two of the mares had ulcerative lesions of the mammary gland. Palpation of the affected gland typically elicited signs of pain. Diagnosis was assisted by cytologic evaluation of the fluid discharge, but definitive diagnosis was based on histologic examination. Treatment included mastectomy and lymphadenectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Comeditation: an exploratory study of pulse and respiration rates and anxiety.

To achieve deep relaxation in seriously ill persons, Tibetan medicine has employed a breathing process, known as "comeditation," which requires a caregiver to focus attention on the chest of the reclining patient while making a sound or number keyed to the patient's exhalation. This study investigated the relationship between state and trait anxiety and lowered respiratory rate, using the comeditation procedure. Ten subjects were assigned randomly to either a control or comeditation group. Anxiety was measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis indicated a decrease in State-Anxiety scores in the comeditation group, but no differences between groups in pulse and respiration rates or trait anxiety. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Contextual factors in neophobia and its habituation: the role of absolute and relative novelty.

In four experiments we investigated the role of contextual cues in the habituation of neophobia in rats. Experiment 1 showed that the consumption of a novel flavour increased across a series of presentations in one context (A) but fell when the flavour was subsequently presented in a second, novel, context (B). In Experiments 2 and 3, subjects again received exposure to a flavour in context A, but also were familiarized with the test context, B. These subjects consumed the flavour with equal readiness, whether it was presented in Context A or in Context B at test. Experiment 4 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and also showed that the consumption of a novel flavour was not influenced by whether it was presented in a novel or a familiar context. Several mechanisms by which the novelty or familiarity of the context might interact with the novelty or familiarity of the flavour were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Poor prognosis acute myeloid leukaemia treated by matched unrelated donor marrow transplant without preceding total body irradiation.

Two patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, one in relapse after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (aged 52 years) and the other with primary resistant disease secondary to previously treated malignancy, have received marrow transplants from matched unrelated donors. Cytoreductive conditioning in both cases was with high-dose combination chemotherapy alone. Engraftment was aided by the administration of total lymphoid irradiation together with in vivo antilymphocyte antibody prior to marrow infusion. Both patients survive in complete remission, currently at 12 and 15 months post-BMT respectively. The avoidance of total body irradiation in BMT patients at high risk of early treatment-related mortality may be advantageous.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis associated with Actinomyces species.

Actinomyces species, gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacilli were isolated from intraocular fluid obtained from four otherwise healthy patients with a delayed onset of postoperative endophthalmitis. One patient had a mixed anaerobic infection with recovery of both Actinomyces israelii and Propionibacterium acnes. In all four patients, early postoperative visual acuity was good but was eventually markedly reduced by intraocular inflammation that was first observed between 21 days and 4 months following uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Inflammation was characterized by anterior segment and vitreous cellular debris in all cases. All eyes responded to therapy that included intraocular, topical, and systemic antibiotics as well as pars plana vitrectomy and partial iridectomy. These cases further illustrate the need for microbiologic investigation, including anaerobic cultures, in all cases of chronic postoperative inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction, regardless of the time of onset.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

Apicectomy: a comparative clinical study of amalgam and glass ionomer cement as apical sealants.

Healing capacity after apicectomy was investigated in a randomized clinical study of 105 teeth apically sealed with either amalgam or glass ionomer cement. The results were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 1 year. The success rate was high for both materials: 91% for amalgam and 89% for glass ionomer cement. Contamination with moisture and blood adversely affected the outcome for both materials and was significantly more frequent in unsuccessful cases.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1991

How common are epileptic seizures in old age?

A large primary-care computerized database was searched to determine the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in old age compared with the general population. The prevalence of subjects with a diagnosis of epileptic seizures was higher in older age groups: 10.9/1000 for sexagenarians, 12.0 for septuagenarians and 13.1 for those over 80, compared with 9.0/1000 in the overall population. The overall prevalence in subjects aged over 60 was 11.8. Annual incidence rose even more sharply in old age: 76/100,000 for sexagenarians, 147 for septuagenarians, and 159 for those over 80, compared with an overall population incidence of 69/100,000. The overall incidence in subjects over 60 was 117. Of incident cases requiring treatment, 35.5% were over 60 years old. Our findings are in keeping with other recent epidemiological studies and in part reflect the age-associated increase in the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. They have implications for the organization of services for elderly people, for the education of general practitioners and hospital doctors and for directing epilepsy research.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Acquired equivalence and distinctiveness of cues using a sensory-preconditioning procedure.

In Experiment 1 rats were presented with two flavours, A and B, that were accompanied either by a third common flavour, X, or by two different flavours, X and Y, respectively. An aversion was then established to A, and the extent to which this aversion generalized to B was measured. Stimulus generalization was found to be more marked when A and B had both been presented with the same flavour, X, during pre-exposure than when A and B had been presented with X and Y. In Experiment 2 three target flavours, A, B, and C, were initially presented. In one pre-exposure condition presentations of A and B were accompanied by X, and C was presented alone; in a second condition A and B were presented in isolation, and C was accompanied by X. After an aversion had been established to A, half of the animals in each of the pre-exposure conditions were tested with B, and the remainder were tested with C. In both of the pre-exposure conditions the generalized aversion was more substantial to B than to C. An analysis of these results in terms of the mechanisms that have been supposed to underlie sensory preconditioning is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Coping profiles associated with psychiatric, physical health, work, and family problems.

Compares the coping profiles of 11 samples (total N = 1,298) of individuals experiencing psychiatric, physical health, work, or family problems. Comparisons are made in individuals with and without anxiety and depression to control for the effects of distress. Coping was similar for samples in similar problem categories but different for samples in different categories. Psychiatric patients made more use of avoidance and less use of social supports than individuals in the other categories. Samples with physical health problems were among the most frequent users of social supports. Individuals with a family problem were among the most frequent users of problem-focused coping and the least frequent users of self-blame. Groups with work stress were the most frequent users of self-blame. These results suggest that coping profiles may be useful in describing and differentiating groups of stressed individuals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Detection and quantitation by lysis-filtration of bacteremia after different oral surgical procedures.

Patients with bacteremia after dental extraction, third-molar surgery, dental scaling, endodontic treatment, and bilateral tonsillectomy were studied by means of lysis-filtration of blood samples with subsequent aerobic and anaerobic incubation. Samples were obtained before, during, and 10 min after treatment. Bacteremia was observed in 100% of patients after dental extraction, 55% of patients after third-molar surgery, 70% of patients after dental scaling, 20% of patients after endodontic treatment, and 55% of patients after bilateral tonsillectomy. Anaerobic microorganisms were isolated more frequently than aerobic microorganisms were, and viridans group streptococci were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Ten minutes after treatment, the frequency as well as the magnitude of bacteremia showed pronounced reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Farmer's lung in Northern Ireland.

A total of 381 farmers in Northern Ireland were studied using a questionnaire, pulmonary function tests, and antibody levels to Micropolyspora faena to assess the incidence of farmer's lung. Twenty (4.9%) had a history of a previous diagnosis of farmer's lung by their doctor. Forty four (10.4%) had delayed onset symptoms compatible with farmer's lung, 32 (7.9%) had precipitant antibody, and 61 (15%) had raised antibody by the enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method. Restricted lungs were present physiologically in 40 (9.8%). A confirmation of delayed symptoms and precipitant antibody was present in seven (1.7%) whereas delayed symptoms and ELISA antibody was present in nine (2.2%). Using either antibody method only two (0.5%) had a combination of antibody to M faenae, delayed onset symptoms, and restricted pulmonary physiology.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗