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Biomedical subjects

G Hagberg

Publications and source records attributed to G Hagberg.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Severe mental retardation in a Swedish county. II. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects of children born 1959--1970.

In an unselected series of 122 children born in 1959--1970 with severe mental retardation (SMR), the magnitude and distribution of the different etiologic and pathogenetic factors were analysed. Prenatal causes were considered relevant in 73 per cent, perinatal in 10 and postnatal in 3. In 12 per cent no traceable cause whatsoever was found. Infantile primary psychoses constituted 2 per cent. Within the prenatal group, no less than 43 per cent presented firm evidence favouring a genetic etiology, chromosomal syndromes together constituting 36 per cent and mutant gene disorders 7 per cent. Etiologically unclassifiable cases with prenatal stigmata and congenital defects amounted to 18 per cent. A condition of fetal deprivation of supply was considered to have been of major importance in 8 per cent. Almost half of the cases had one or more associated CNS handicaps. Cerebral palsy syndromes were evident in 18 per cent and epilepsies in 30 per cent. The relative risk of having cerebral palsy in addition to SMR was strongly correlated to cases classified as prenatally or perinatally acquired CNS syndromes. It is concluded that prenatal prevention is of special importance for reducing the occurrence of SMR. As chromosomal aberrations are the cause in more than 1/3 of cases with SMR, the desirability of developing effective cytogenetic screening methods and programs applicable to all pregnant women is particularly emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Severe mental retardation in a Swedish county. I. Epidemiology, gestational age, birth weight and associated CNS handicaps in children born 1959--70.

In a unselected series of children born in 1959--70 with severe mental retardation (MR)---defined as IQ less than 50---in a Swedish county, the incidence, prevalence, gestational length, birth weight and associated CNS handicaps were analysed. The cumulative incidence at 1-16 years of age was calculated at 3.3% and the prevalence at 11-16 years at 2.8%. These figures were lower than in most other previous studies. In the great majority of cases the pathogenesis was of prenatal origin. The mean gestational lengths and birth weights were decreased compared with those of an average Swedish population. Severe MR affected large and small for date babies more often than could be expected. On the other hand, babies, with a low birth weight, appropriate for gestational age, and with an uncomplicated history, were found not to run a special risk of severe MR. Among the 122 children, 42% had one or more associated CNS handicaps---epilepsy (30%) and cerebral palsy (18%) being the most common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Arthroscopy in acute injuries of the knee joint.

Arthroscopy was performed during the acute phase of injury in 84 knees (79 patients). A satisfactory view of the joint was obtained in all cases, and no complications occurred. About two-thirds of the patients had injuries associated with violent rotation-abduction. In about one-third of the patients operation could be avoided. In cases with haemarthrosis, serious ligament injury was present in nearly 50 per cent. Complete arthroscopy was associated with few diagnostic errors. Clinical examination often led to uncertain or incorrect diagnosis even when performed under anaesthesia by experienced surgeons. In contrast, arthroscopy led to rapid diagnosis and treatment, thus shortening the period of disability. We recommend arthroscopy in acute knee injuries, but the examination must be performed by an experienced arthroscopist.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. III. The importance of foetal deprivation of supply.

From record data derived from an unselected series of 560 Swedish cases of cerebral palsy, born in 1954-70, the significance of prenatal factors associated with materno-foetal vascular insufficiency causing foetal deprivation of supply (FDS) was investigated. Cerebral palsied children were found to have, on an average, retarded intrauterine growth when compared with a normal population. The incidence of bleeding during pregnancy, maternal toxaemia and multiple pregnancies were significantly increased (p less than 0.001). The incidence of the prenatal factors in question had remained unchanged through the years 1954-70. An additive interplay between factors of FDS and asphyxia/cerebral haemorrhage was revealed. As a whole the findings support the conclusion that FDS plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy today, particularly among the multihandicapped.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

A new modification of the technique of arthroscopy of the knee joint.

Experience from arthroscopy in 224 patients with knee complaints is reported. The common method for arthroscopy is compared with a new modification developed during the study. The new method includes introduction of a 5 mm arthroscope through the patellar tendon at the level of the joint line and the use of hooks to test the menisci and the ligaments. The experience from this method shows that it gives an expanded field of vision and that technical failures are less frequent. No complications occurred. It is stated that arthroscopy is of great value in the diagnosis of knee injuries. However, a high diagnostic accuracy can only be reached by an experienced operator using a strictly standardized method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. I. Analysis of the general changes.

From an unselected series of 560 cases of cerebral palsy in Sweden, born 1954-70, the changes in incidence through the four periods 1954-58, 1959-62, 1963-66 and 1967-70 were analyzed. The total incidence successively and significantly decreased from 2.2% in the first period to 1.3% in the last. This decrease was mainly related to (1) the syndromes of spastic and ataxic diplegia, (2) the low birth weight babies, and (3) the group with perinatal causes. The decrease was not related to any special intelligence quotient or geographical region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. II. Analysis of the various syndromes.

From an unselected series of 560 Swedish cases of cerebral palsy, born 1954-1970, various data of etiologic and pathogenetic interest were analyzed in detail. Untraceable and prenatal factors were found to dominate within the group of spastic hemiplegia. Placental dysfunction in small-for-date babies and severe asphyxia were thought to be the two main pathogenetic factors among the patients with spastic tetraplegia. In spite of a significant decrease in the number of low birth weight children within the group of spastic diplegia, this syndrome was still very characteristic for the child born immature. Ataxic diplegic forms were found to have greater pathogenic similarities to spastic diplegia than to simple ataxia. In two-thirds of the children the latter syndrome was characterized by normal pregnancy, delivery and birth weight and an untraceable (genetic?) factor. Dyskinetic syndromes were mostly encountered after perinatal asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From magnetic resonance spectroscopy to classification of tumors. A review of pattern recognition methods.

This article reviews the wealth of different pattern recognition methods that have been used for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) based tumor classification. The methods have in common that the entire MR spectra is used to develop linear and non-linear classifiers. The following issues are addressed: (i) pre-processing, such as normalization and digitization, (ii) extraction of relevant spectral features by multivariate methods, such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and optimal discriminant vector, and (iii) classification by LDA, cluster analysis and artificial neural networks. Different approaches are compared and discussed in view of practical and theoretical considerations.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral hemodynamics in asymptomatic patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: a dynamic susceptibility contrast MR and transcranial Doppler study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perfusion imaging with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging (DSC-MRI) has been used to evaluate hemodynamic status in patients with symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the hemodynamic changes occurring in asymptomatic patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion by use of DSC-MRI with transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurement of the breath-holding index (BHI). METHODS: Nine patients with asymptomatic unilateral ICA occlusion underwent DSC-MRI and TCD examination. One patient was excluded from final analysis because of severe movement artifacts. On a separate workstation, regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and regional mean time to peak (rMTT) were calculated on the basis of signal decay rate during the passage of gadolinium bolus through the sampled volume in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. TCD-BHI was calculated in all patients. Six healthy subjects underwent the same MR protocol as the patients. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, patients with unilateral ICA occlusions had hemodynamic changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere: rCBF was significantly lower than in controls (P <.01), and r MTT was significantly increased in both white (WM) and gray matter (GM) in the affected side (WM: P <.01; GM: P <.05). No statistically significant difference in rCBV was found in the group of patients (occluded versus contralateral, P <.1) or between the patient and control groups (occluded side versus controls, P <.1). The correlation of rCBV and BHI showed a strong relation of the two variables, showing a decrease of the latter when the former increased. CONCLUSION: DSC-MRI is a valuable tool for measuring hemodynamic changes in the presence of carotid disease with hemodynamic impairment. In our opinion, hemodynamic changes and efficiency of collateral pathways can be evaluated in occlusive carotid disease by using paired measurement of BHI and DSC-MRI. In the patient group, MR-determined rCBV and TCD-determined BHI showed a significant inverse correlation, suggesting similar significance of the two indices.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗