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Biomedical subjects

G Gustafsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Gustafsson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of dopamine in segmental intestinal ischaemia studied with dopamine receptor blockers.

The influence of dopamine blocking agents, namely pimozide 0.1 mg X kg-1 body weight (b.w.) and metoclopramide 3 mg X kg-1 b.w., on the effects of dopamine on central and regional haemodynamics was studied in rats. The metoclopramide dose was given twice during the experiments. An experimental model involving segmental ischaemia of the small intestine was used. According to earlier investigations administration of dopamine and plasma counteracts the negative haemodynamic effects of such ischaemia. In rats treated with pimozide this drug had some effects per se in the controls, slightly reducing cardiac output and the blood flow in the proximal half of the intestine. On the other hand, in the experimental group the positive effect of dopamine seemed to be unaffected by pimozide treatment. In rats treated with metoclopramide, dopamine did not improve the considerable decrease in intestinal and pancreatic circulation caused by the segmental ischaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Delayed dopamine treatment of segmental small intestinal ischaemia in the rat.

Two groups of rats were subjected to segmental ischaemia of the small intestine for 2 h. According to our previous findings such ischaemia causes impairment of the central circulation as well as of the splanchnic blood flow. Dopamine treatment was initiated 30 or 90 min after the establishment of ischaemia. In the 30-min group cardiac output increased and the blood flow was normalized in those parts of the small intestine where the arteries were not ligated (the non-occluded parts). This result corresponds well to our previous observations when dopamine treatment was started immediately after the establishment of ischaemia. In the 90-min group cardiac output was not affected. Again the intestinal blood flow was normalized in the non-occluded parts. In both groups the pancreatic circulation was impaired.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Haemodynamic effects of phenoxybenzamine and dopamine in segmental ischaemia of the rat small intestine.

Two groups of rats were subjected to a segmental intestinal ischaemia of a degree which, according to earlier investigations with this experimental model, causes secondary impairment of the splanchnic blood flow. Both groups were given plasma and an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine). They were also given dopamine but in different doses, 12 and 50 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1 b.w., respectively. It was found previously that a normal blood flow in the non-occluded parts of the small intestine could be maintained by phenoxybenzamine or the lower dose of dopamine alone in combination with plasma, but the higher dopamine dose caused vasoconstriction, probably because of an alpha-stimulating effect. The combined treatment with penoxybenzamine and dopamine in the present experiments normalized the intestinal blood flow in the non-occluded parts in both groups, i.e. also in the group treated with the higher dose of dopamine. Moreover, the pancreatic circulation was normalized in both groups. Hence alpha-adrenergic blockade combined with dopamine and plasma administration seems to have a positive effect on the splanchnic circulation during segmental intestinal ischaemia in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sex and other prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.

A complete national material of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed in the years 1973-1980 was analyzed with regard to prognostic differences between males and females. In accordance with international criteria (age, WBC, CNS involvement, and mediastinal mass), the children were classified as standard risk (SR) and increased risk (IR). Thirty-eight percent of the males and 32% of the females fulfilled criteria for assignment to the group with an increased risk. A linear multiple regression analysis on the material showed that WBC was the most important prognostic criterion, followed by sex, age, and mediastinal mass. The prognosis was significantly poorer for males in the standard risk (p less than 0.03) and in the increased risk group (p less than 0.0001). The IR criteria were more valid for males than for females. Serious complications resulting from therapy were more frequently reported for females than for males. These studies suggest that sex is of significance both for the prognosis and for the efficacy of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of childhood leukemia in Sweden 1975-1980.

During the six-year period 1975-1980, leukemia was diagnosed in 466 children in Sweden, giving an estimated incidence of 4.4/100 000 children per year (0-15 years at diagnosis). The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was 3.7, of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) 0.6 and of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) 0.1/100 000 children per year. The over all incidence among boys was 4.5/100 000 per year and among girls 4.2. The male: female ratio was 1.13. This ratio was 1.22 in ALL and 0.71 in ANLL. Fifty per cent of the children were below 5 years of age at diagnosis, with a pronounced peak between 2-3 years, which was explained by the ALL distribution. In children with acute leukemia 13% had WBC values of greater than 100 X 10(9)/1, 4% had CNS leukemia and 10% had a mediastinal mass at diagnosis. The geographical distribution of leukemia in Sweden was analysed in a search for clusters of cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Standard computer programs in statistical analysis of survival in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia.

A material comprising all children in Sweden with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed in the years 1973-80 was analysed statistically. The total number of children was 505. Studies were made of 38 different variables, using frequency tables, cross tables, life table studies (1) and linear regression analysis according to Cox's method (2,4). Chi-square tests and log rank tests were included in the methods. The combination of life-table studies and linear regression analysis proved to be of value in assessing the significance of different parameters and treatment programs with regard to prognosis. The aim of this paper is to present a method for analysis of a patient material with use of standard computer programs. The results of the total analysis will be published elsewhere (3).

Child↗
PubMed1981

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Swedish children 1973-1978.

Three hundred and sixty-seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been diagnosed in Sweden 1973-1978, 345 of whom were treated according to the national uniform regimens of the Swedish Child Leukemia Group (SCLG). The patients were classified into an SR (standard risk) and an IR (increased risk) group. Remission was obtained in 354 patients (96%). With 12-84 months observation time the total survival was 54% and the disease-free survival 44%. A more intensive cytostatic regimen in the induction period increased considerably the disease-free survival for the SR and to some extent also for the IR patients. Relapses were significantly more common in the IR group in spite of a more intensive cytostatic regimen. The most decisive IR criteria were B-LPK and age at diagnosis. Prognosis was significantly worse for boys in all groups. After 3 years in CCR treatment was discontinued in 95 out of 246 children (38%) of whom 19 later relapsed (20%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and surgical staging of Hodgkin's disease.

Staging laparotomy was performed in 36 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The surgical procedure changed the stage in 14 cases or 36% and also revealed subdiaphragmatic disease in 14 patients. Mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis were the main histopathological types, contributing 44% and 42%, respectively, of the whole material. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases (22%)--none was fatal. The average hospital stay was 9.5 days, the longest being 22 days.

Adolescent↗