The 1970s--the first half.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
History, 20th Century↗
Biomedical subjects
G Gullickson
Publications and source records attributed to G Gullickson.
Energy cost of ambulation in health and disability: a literature review.
The literature concerning ambulation of normal and disabled persons--amputees, hemiplegics, and paraplegics--is reviewed. Also reviewed are studies of the energy cost of ambulating with assistive devices and of wheelchair locomotion. According to an average of the results available from the literature, a normal expenditure (Ee) of 0.063 kcal/min/kg and 0.00764 kcal/meter/kg. The disabled person walks more slowly, to avoid incurring an increase in Ec/minute. The more disabled the person, the more determinants of gait lost; thus, the more slowly he walks and the less efficient he becomes in terms of Ee/kcal/unit distance. The importance of a common terminology when measuring the energy cost of ambulation and the need to allow subjects to walk at their own most comfortable walking speed are stressed.
Amputees↗
Stroke rehabilitation: evaluation of its quality by assessing patient outcomes.
A modified version of an outcome-oriented quality-assurance system was used to assess the care received by patients, aged 21 to 60 years, with completed stroke, who had participated for at least three weeks in a rehabilitation program. Care for 110 patients was evaluated by comparing actual results with a set of standards for outcomes produced by practicing rehabilitation professionals using small-group estimation techniques. Outcomes were better than estimated, standards having indicated that 29% of patients should be capable of self-care, while actually 43% were. When 50 of the 110 outcomes were individually investigated; only 5% of the total study population were probably not functioning at an optimal level, and 3% more might reach optimal functioning if existing follow-up procedures were extended and made more routine. Since only an estimated 3 to 6 cases per year would be affected, the cost of instituting such care would not be justified. Participants concluded that assessment of outcomes justified continuation on the existing processes for stroke rehabilitation.
Adult↗
Cervical orthoses effect on cervical spine motion: roentgenographic and goniometric method of study.
Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization). The effect of the orthoses on restricting sagittal motion was measured simultaneously using roentgenographic and bubble goniometric methods. The subject was immobilized in a straight back chair to eliminate trunk motion, and lateral cervical spine films were taken of each subject in neutral, flexion and extension without and with each orthotic device. Distortion forces exerted on the orthotic devices were standardized by measurement of pressures at the chin and occiput. Roentgenographic measurements of flexion and extension and anteroposterior displacement of the cervical spine were compared to the measurements obtained by bubble goniometry. The four-poster and SOMI were found to be most effective in restricting extension and flexion respectively. The polyethylene and plastizote orthoses were significantly less effective in restricting motion. The bubble goniometer is an adequate clinical tool in assessing overall flexion-extension of the cervical spine but is not so precise and does not give information on the degree of motion at an individual vertebral level.
Adult↗
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and hemoglobin A1.
We measured hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and performed clean-catch urine cultures in 752 patients (411 men and 341 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) attending an outpatient diabetes clinic. Prevalence of bacteriuria was significantly greater in diabetic women than in controls (9.1 vs. 5.0%, P less than .001) but not in diabetic men. Risk of bacteriuria was not related to level of HbA1 at the time of urine culture. However, mean duration of diabetes mellitus was significantly greater in diabetic women with bacteriuria than in those without infection (9.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.4 yr, P less than .025), and the prevalence of bacteriuria was significantly greater in patients with complications of long-standing diabetes mellitus than in those without complications (P less than .005).
Bacteriuria↗
Behavior modification of chronic pain: a treatment program by a multidisciplinary team.
A treatment program for chronic pain is reported which focuses on modification of patient pain behavior. After an outpatient pain clinic screening by a multidisciplinary team, the patient with chronic pain (duration of 6 months or longer) is admitted for a 7--8 week inpatient program followed by a 4-week outpatient period. The first week of the inpatient program is used for evaluation of pain behaviors, recording use of pain medications, activity levels, and tolerance for special conditioning exercises. The program is aimed at extinguishing pain behaviors and use of pain medications, increasing activity level, reinforcing well behaviors, and returning patients to full active lives, normal for their sex and age. Of the 34 patients completing the program and returning to full active normal lives, 74% (25) have maintained this attained goal at the time of follow-up from 6 months to 7 years later.
Adult↗