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Biomedical subjects

G Guidetti

Publications and source records attributed to G Guidetti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Posturography in vestibular work-up of the patient. A review.

In order to obtain a complete functional balance in the patient suffering from vestibular disorders it is necessary to examine the spinal reflexes. Computerized posturographic systems allow quantitative and qualitative analysis of body sway. The posturographic test must be preceded by an accurate clinical examination to identify the anomalies of the osteo-arthro-muscular structure that can cause disorders in motor programs and in proprioceptive inputs. A battery of complementary posturographic tests can clarify the influence of the vestibular, proprioceptive and visual inputs. The posturographic tests allow us: to observe particular aspects of postural control which are not usually detected by the common clinical examination; to identify the most correct kind of functional reeducation and to monitor the spontaneous evolution of the disease and the results of the therapy; to show the voluntary simulators or accentuators of unsteadiness in medico-legal reports.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

The preferential antagonism of pentylenetetrazole proconflict responses differentiates a class of anxiolytic benzodiazepines with potential antipanic action.

With the use of the shock-induced suppression of water drinking in thirsty rats (Vogel's conflict paradigm) and the pentylenetetrazole-enhanced shock-induced suppression of drinking (proconflict paradigm) as animal models to test anxiolytic and antipanic agents, it was possible to distinguish two major classes of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and congeners on the basis of their antiproconflict index (ratio of anticonflict/antiproconflict potencies). Thus, typical low potency BZDs and congeners (diazepam, midazolam, zolpidem, alpidem) with anxiolytic/hypnotic properties have a low antiproconflict index (close to 1), whereas typical high potency BZDs (clonazepam, alprazolam, bretazenil) with reported antipanic properties have an antiproconflict index approximately 10-fold higher. The anticonflict and antiproconflict actions of BZDs with low or high antiproconflict indices are blocked by flumazenil but are potentiated differentially by the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake blocker 1-2-[bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-methoxyethyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridine-carboxylic acid. Protracted administration of antianxiety and antipanic antidepressant drugs that do not act on GABAA receptors, directly, resulted in anticonflict and antiproconflict effects. However, the efficacy of these drugs is clearly inferior (20-30%) to that of BZDs. These data suggest that specific GABAA receptor subtypes mediate the pharmacological action of BZDs possessing low and high antiproconflict indices.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Pupillometry in Menière's disease].

The autonomic dysfunction is one of the etiopathogenetic hypothesis of Ménière's disease. We have already described the presence of an anomalous pupillary contraction, induced by methacholine, during the attack stage of Ménière's disease, without cardio-vascular reflexes involving. We have now employed, in a larger number of cases, a new digital equipment with infrared lighting system, built by us. The pupillary area was measured in darkness by a personal computer in basal condition (time 0) and 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes after methacholine instillation. We have observed 16 cases of Ménière's disease (during attack stage and free stage), 23 cases of other vertiginous disorders (during attack stage and free strage), 10 normal subjects (5 cases of these also during a caloric test). The pupillary contraction was always highest at 30 minutes after methacholine administration. Normal subjects didn't show anisocoria and the contraction was weak and symmetric. Caloric test modified only a little the pupillary response. We observed the same results in other vertiginous disorders. During free stage of Ménière's disease there was little basal anisocoria but the contraction was normal and symmetric. During attack stage of Ménière's disease the contraction was much more evident and higher on the affected side. Ménière's disease crisis is characterized by cholinergic pupillary hyperreactivity, that is not caused by labyrinthic reflexes. We suppose this autonomic dysfunction of central origin.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Regression of an internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after therapeutic embolization of a post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula secondary to gunshot injury.

A case is reported of a 53-year-old woman who was hit by a bullet which penetrated the skull base and caused a left carotid-cavernous fistula of the direct type and a pseudoaneurysmal dilation of the high cervical portion of the left internal carotid artery. The fistula was successfully embolized by positioning a balloon into the fistula itself by means of the Debrun technique: unexpectedly the size of the pseudoaneurysm decreased after the embolization; the possible explanations for this event are discussed.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1988

Anterior communicating aneurysm missed at angiography: report of two cases treated surgically.

We report two young adults with definite clinical and computed tomographic (CT) signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom initial angiography showed spasm of the anterior portion of the circle of Willis, but no aneurysm. Repeat angiography some days later, when the vascular spasm had cleared, was likewise negative. In both patients, operation revealed an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, which was successfully excluded from the circulation. Our aims in reporting this unusual experience are to stress the practical importance of CT scanning in the diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage and to discuss the decision to operate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic embolization of an ascending pharyngeal artery-internal jugular vein fistula. Case report.

The authors report a case of an arteriovenous fistula between the ascending pharyngeal artery and the internal jugular vein. The importance of an exact diagnosis and some precautions to be taken during therapeutic embolization are emphasized, as well as the need for superselective cannulation of the feeding artery. The problem of differential diagnosis with glomus tumors is discussed, and a brief mention is made of the anatomy of the jugular foramen and embryology of these tumors. Only one similar case treated by embolization with solid particles was found in the literature. To date, embolization using solid particles rather than liquid agents appears to be the best treatment of fistulas of this type.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[The electronystagmographic examination in the study of migraine].

The association of dizziness and headache is quite frequent and it has been known for a long time. The visual and auditory evoked potentials and EEG had already shown a damage of CNS in migrainous. The vestibular tests with ENG, which is enclosed in the routine study of the patients of the Headache Centre of Modena University (Italy), has shown a high percentage of alterations in different tests. Out of crisis a decrease of VOR and troubles of OKN and pursuit are noted. During crisis the reflectivity increases above all in the same part of the pain and a further alteration of smooth pursuit is observed. The Nomiphensine test suggest that these alterations of CNS are caused by changes in biochemistry of CNS, above all in the monoamines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid (CPDS) and its metabolite 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (6-MNA) on murine and hamster fibroblasts (3T3 and BHK) and murine metastatic melanoma cells (F10).

We investigated the action of 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid (CPDS) and its metabolite 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (6-MNA) in vitro on murine (3T3) and baby hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblasts and an in vivo highly metastatic subline of murine B16 melanoma (F10). CPDS determined an inhibition of cell growth and a decrease in cell adhesion, while 6-MNA had no effect. When combined with data of the mitotic index and endogenous purine ribonucleotides (on which the drugs seem to have no effect), these observations are conceivable with the hypothesis that the primary target of CPDS is cell membrane.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1986

Effectiveness of flunarizine in altering electronystagmographic patterns in migraine patients: a preliminary report.

In this double-blind study versus placebo, the anti-migraine efficacy of flunarizine 20 mg/per os/day for 14 days, followed by 10 mg/per os/day up to 120 days has been evaluated in 30 patients suffering from common and classical migraine. During the trial the vestibular function (slow phase velocity (SPV) and number of spikes) was also studied. To date 18 patients have completed the study. The results show a significant difference before and after the treatment with flunarizine, while no difference was observed in the placebo group, with regard to headache unit indices. Flunarizine seems to increase SPV max, which is reduced between attacks in migraine patients; the number of spikes does not change significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influence of flunarizine on the altered electronystagmographic (ENG) recordings in migraine.

Flunarizine, a slow-channel calcium blocker, appeared to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of common and classic migraine in 29 out-patients included in a double-blind clinical trial. After a two-month placebo period, half the patients were treated with flunarizine, 10 mg a day for up to 120 days, half with placebo. Electronystagmographic (ENG) recordings were performed at the end of the common placebo period and after two and four months of treatment, respectively. There was a significant reduction in Headache Unit Index (HUI) and Headache Unit Index Corrected (HUIC) (42% and 40.5% respectively) in the flunarizine-treated group but not in the placebo group. Analgesic intake was reduced and intensity of pain was unchanged in both groups throughout the trial. ENG data were not significantly affected by flunarizine treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Psychosomatic study of 60 patients with vertigo.

The authors examined 60 consecutive patients hospitalized in Modena University Otorhinolaryngological Clinic for vertigo by means of an interview and of three self-rating scales (Zung's SDS, SAS and the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire). The control group was composed of an equal number of patients hospitalized in the same ward and period for different nonsurgical otiatric diseases; the two groups were matched for age, sex, residential area, sociocultural conditions, duration of hospitalization and disease. According to the clinical diagnosis carried out when discharged from hospital, the patients where divided into five groups (Ménière's disease, neuronitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, neurosensorial deafness, nucleoreticular syndrome of Ararslan). The data regarding depression (MHQ and SDS), anxiety (MHQ and SAS), neuroticism, somatization (MHQ) and the prevailing of hysterical personality traits in women (MHQ) resulted particularly relevant from a statistical viewpoint (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dizziness and headache.

Dizziness and headache have been known to be associated in both adults and children, since early this century. Otoneurological examination of headache sufferers at the University of Modena Headache Centre revealed a high percentage of ENG alterations indicating a mainly bulbo-pontine vestibular disorder. The lesion, which is more significant on the side more affected, is modified during attacks and with time. The authors suggest that in these patients migraine and dizziness have a common pathogenesis in alterations of neuromediators and/or their receptors and that ENG may be useful in evaluating headache.

Dizziness↗