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Biomedical subjects

G Green

Publications and source records attributed to G Green.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Multicentre trial of four strategies to reduce use of a radiological test.

The Royal College of Radiologists' guidelines on the use of pre-operative chest X-rays were implemented for 1 year in four hospitals in England and Wales. The strategies adopted were: (1) the appointment of a utilisation review committee; (2) getting feedback on use to consultants; (3) the introduction of a new chest X-ray request form; or (4) the concurrent reviewing of chest X-ray requests by the radiology department. The lowest level of use (8.5 pre-operative chest X-rays per 100 elective operations) was achieved with the utilisation review committee after it displayed the guidelines in surgical wards. Information feedback produced a consistent reduction from 29.4 to 13.3 X-rays per 100 operations. Both the new request form and concurrent review had a moderate and intermittent effect. No change in practice occurred in a control hospital.

England↗
PubMed1986

The sequential changes in pancreatic exocrine function after abdominal surgery in the rat.

The sequential changes in pancreatic secretion in the conscious rat after pancreatic and intestinal surgery were examined. Rats were prepared with two duodenal cannulae and one cannula each for the pancreas, bile, and jugular vein. Pancreatic responses to Trasylol infused intraduodenally, bile-pancreatic juice (BPJ) diversion, and exogenous secretin and cerulein administrations were determined every 24 h after the operation. The body weight significantly decreased during the first 24 h after the operation but remained constant thereafter. The basal protein output was significantly lower on the first and second postoperative days compared with values on the third through seventh days, although the fluid output was almost constant throughout the observation period. Intraduodenal infusion of Trasylol failed to stimulate pancreatic secretion on the first and second postoperative days. Pancreatic feedback responses to BPJ diversion were observed during the entire experimental period, but were attenuated during the first 3 days. Responses to exogenous secretin and cerulein were relatively unaffected by postoperative recovery time. Results suggest that the pancreas itself may recover sufficiently within 24 h after the operation to respond consistently to direct stimulation. However, considering the effects on basal secretion and the responses to intestinally mediated secretion, it appears best to wait at least 3 days after the operation before using these rats in experiments on pancreatic exocrine functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mitomycin-C, etoposide, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine (MEPH) as a second-line regimen in lung cancer.

Fifty-three patients with advanced lung cancer refractory to chemotherapy with MACC (methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU) were treated with a combination of mitomycin-C, etoposide, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine (MEPH). Among 45 evaluable patients, there were seven partial responders (16%), including 2/18 adenocarcinomas, 3/13 small cell anaplastic carcinomas, 1/5 large cell anaplastic carcinomas, and 1/9 squamous cell carcinomas. Major toxic side effects included thrombocytopenia (30/45 patients), leukopenia (22/45 patients), and emesis. Renal toxicity occurred in three patients, and cardiac arrhythmia was observed in one patient. Despite a low response rate, which was expected in this group of heavily pretreated patients with poor prognostic characteristics, these data suggest a lack of cross-resistance between MEPH and MACC.

Altretamine↗
PubMed1984

Mechanism for the abnormal liver scan in acute alcoholic liver injury.

The mechanism of liver scan abnormality was investigated in patients with acute alcoholic liver injury evaluated shortly after admission (18 patients) with repeat examination 1 month later (14 patients). Indocyanine green (ICG) and Tc99 sulfur colloid extraction ratios (ERICG and ERSC), elimination rate constants (KICG and KSC), total body clearance (TBCICG and TBCSC), and hepatic clearance of sulfur colloid (HCSC) were determined from sequential blood samples obtained at the time of hepatic vein catheterization after the intravenous injection of ICG and Tc99 sulfur colloid. Liver size and sulfur colloid redistribution expressed as a scan score (SS) and redistribution ratio (RR) were assessed from an external scan immediately after the procedure. Improvement in hepatic tests and function was noted between the first and second study. At both the first and second study, the SS (or RR) correlated with the hepatic removal of sulfur colloid (ERSC; r = -0.59; p less than 0.001; HCSC: r = -0.56; p = 0.003) and ICG (ERICG: r = -0.85; p less than 0.001; KICG: r = -0.83; p less than 0.001). ERSC correlated with ERICG (r = 0.76; p less than 0.007) and both correlated with SS and RR consistent with intrahepatic shunting as the mechanism of decreased hepatic clearance and of sulfur colloid redistribution. However, the systemic clearance of sulfur colloid (KSC) did not correlate with redistribution (SS: r = -0.25; NS) at either study period or to ICG clearance (r = 0.23; p = NS) in the first period. The KSC/KICG ratio in both study periods correlated with serum bilirubin (r = 0.83; p less than 0.001 and r = 0.73; p less than 0.001), but was significantly higher in the first period (3.37 +/- 2.37 versus 2.00 +/- 0.75; p less than 0.01). This lack of correlation between intrahepatic shunting and systemic clearance of sulfur colloid is consistent with an increase in the nonhepatic clearance of sulfur colloid in patients with alcoholic liver injury and deep jaundice. A decrease in liver size between the first and second study correlated inversely with change in portal pressure (r = -0.67; p = 0.004) and SS (r = -0.49; p = 0.038) and directly with change in KICG (r = 0.48; p = 0.04). By virtue of these relationships, redistribution of Tc99 sulfur colloid by liver scan may have prognostic significance in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Preferences for three types of alaryngeal speech.

Preference ratings of a laryngectomized client's production of three types of alaryngeal speech--Tokyo pneumatic aid speech, Servox electro-larynx speech, and poor esophageal speech were composed. Judges rated the three methods from an audiovisual recording. Ratings were obtained for voice quality, loudness, intelligibility, rate, pitch, visual appearance and overall preference. Speech produced using the Tokyo aid was preferred by by majority of judges, although the visual appearance of the Tokyo usage was least preferred. The findings were interpreted to highlight the need to offer a range of communication alternatives to laryngectomized clients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A note on Ozark migrants and nonmigrants.

"This study documents the extent of the population shift in five Ozark counties in Missouri. It describes the structure of the population, compares migrants and nonmigrants on the basis of various sociological and demographic indicators, and examines the extent of agreement between migrants and nonmigrants on a number of community issues." The implications for rural areas of the phenomenon of urban-rural migration are considered

Americas↗
PubMed1980

Management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum, including duodenal cutaneous fistula.

Crohn's disease involving the duodenum is rare and is usually associated with Crohn's disease elsewhere in the alimentary tract. Seven patients were treated at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center with complications of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum. These included two patients with abscess and duodenoileocolocutaneous fistulas, two with gastrointestinal tract bleeding, one with gastric outlet obstruction, and two with symptoms of small-bowel disease only. Four of the seven were successfully treated nonoperatively with a variety of modalities, including ulcer regimen, sulfasolazine, adrenocortical steroids, enteric rest, and total parenteral nutrition. Three patients required surgery, one for intractable bleeding and two for enterocutaneous fistulas. The majority of patients with duodenal Crohn's disease can be treated nonoperatively, with resolution of symptoms and roentgenographic healing of lesions. Surgical intervention is only advocated for those patients with complications that do not resolve with nonoperative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

NCTR computer systems designed for toxicologic experimentation. V. Post-experiment information system.

The Post-Experiment Information System (PEIS) is an automated data collection and reporting system composed of three specialized subsystems: Pathology, Chemistry and Microbiology. These subsystems function either independently or collectively to construct and maintain a comprehensive data base of all experimental values derived from, or associated with, an animal carcass. All data are retrievable by the unique Carcass Identification (CID) number assigned at death, which is the correlative of the Unique Identification Number (UIN) assigned to the animal at birth and used throughout its lifespan. Elements processed under the PEIS include gross and microscopic pathological observations, organ weights, hematologic data, chemical data, and microbiological analyses. The ability of the system to integrate the post-experiment data with the information collected on an animal from birth (BIS) and during the experiment (EIS) provides a complete animal history to the Principal Investigator or other requestor.

Animals↗