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Biomedical subjects

G Graziani

Publications and source records attributed to G Graziani.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis with low-dose thiazide, amiloride and allopurinol.

We report 5 years' experience with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/day and amiloride, 5 mg/day, in 519 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Additional treatment with allopurinol, 100 mg/day was prescribed for approximately 50 percent of the patients. All patients had active stone formation, having 3,464 stones in 3,126 patient-years (6.67 stones per patient, 1.10 stones per year). Hypercalciuria was present in 65 percent of the patients and hyperuricosuria in 24 percent. The administration of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide was effective in reducing urinary calcium excretion in most patients. It is possible that the hypocalciuric effect of hydrochlorothiazide were enhanced by amiloride, an agent which has been shown to cause hypocalciuria when given alone. Significant side effects requiring discontinuation of the drug were observed in only 5 percent of the patients. During 872.8 patient-years of treatment, only 53 new stones were formed (0.10 stones per patient, 0.06 stones per year) in contrast with the 916 predicted ones. The difference (chi-square) is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). These results show that the administration of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, either alone or in association with allopurinol, is clinically effective in reducing the rate of recurrence of calcium nephrolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Toxicological and pharmacological properties of fenticonazole, a new topical antimycotic.

The acute oral and subchronic (6 weeks) topical toxicity of alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-beta,N-imidazolylethyl 4-phenylthiobenzyl ether nitrate (fenticonazole, Rec 15/1476) was studied in mice, rats, guinea pigs and beagle dogs. The acute oral LD50 in mice and rats was found to be 3000 mg/kg, while the i.p. acute toxicity was 1191 mg/kg in mice and between 309 and 440 mg/kg in rats. The acute oral LD50 in beagle dogs was 1000 mg/kg. Percutaneous subchronic (6 weeks) toxicity was evaluated in guinea pigs and beagle dogs. Both species of animals exhibited no toxic effect attributable to the treatment with fenticonazole and no histopathologic changes were attributed to the drug treatment. Fenticonazole did not affect numerous pharmacological and physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, nor did it interfere with the activity of histamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine). It does not possess analgesic or antiinflammatory activity at high doses (100 mg/kg p.o.). In mice it exhibits a slight CNS depressant activity, milder than that of miconazole.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Irritation and toxicity studies with fenticonazole applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes.

Various tests were used in order to ascertain any irritating, sensitising or toxic potential of alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-beta,N-imidazolylethyl 4-phenylthiobenzyl ether nitrate (fenticonazole, Rec 15/1476) when applied to the skin or to mucous membranes in gel or cream formulation. When instilled into the conjunctival sac in rabbits fenticonazole led to a slight reddening of the mucosa in only one animal. The reddening appeared 1 h after treatment and disappeared within 24 h. Guinea pigs topically treated for 20 days with fenticonazole 2% gel or cream showed mild erythema which appeared 5 days after the beginning of the treatment and virtually disappeared at the end of the treatment. The treatment with fenticonazole 2% gel or cream did not induce sensitisation. Fenticonazole was not phototoxic or photosensitising when a 2% gel or cream formulation was applied topically to guinea pigs, at the dosage of 0.1 ml per animal.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Reversible acute renal faiure in diffuse scleroderma.

A case of severe hypertension and acute renal failure developing in a 56 year old woman affected by diffuse scleroderma is reported. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis, antihypertensive agents and plasma infusions, which led to the correction of arterial hypertension and partial recovery of renal function. This report emphasizes the possibility that the correction of malignant hypertension may prevent progressive renal falure in some patients affected by diffuse scleroderma.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Thiazide diuretics in renal hypercalciuria.

Forty-six renal hypercalciuric normocalcaemic patients were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (50mg/day) and amiloride (5 mg/day), both to reduce new stone formation and to suppress parathyroid hyperfunction. A reduction of hypercalciuria and suppression of parathyroid hyperactivity were observed in 41 patients, while in the other five patients no evidence of parathyroid suppression was found and hypercalcaemia developed. Four of five patients underwent parathyroidectomy which was followed by a normalisation of biochemical signs of hyperparathyroidism. These results suggest that the appearance of hypercalcaemia in renal hypercalciuric patients during hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride treatment may be of diagnostic value in unmasking pharmacologically non-suppressible normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacokinetics and effects of propranolol in terminal uraemic patients and in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment.

Propranolol blood and plasma levels were measured after a single oral dose of 40 mg in patients with chronic renal failure, in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment, and in healthy volunteers. Peak levels were observed in all cases within 1.5 to 3 hours. However, peak blood and plasma concentrations of propranolol in the chronic renal failure group were 2- to 3-fold higher (161 +/- 41 ng/ml) than those observed in the dialysis patients (47 +/- 9 ng/ml) and in the healthy volunteers (26 +/- 1 ng/ml). The apparent plasma clearance was also significantly reduced in the patients with chronic renal failure. The data suggest a reduced hepatic extraction in chronic renal failure patients. A significant increase in the fraction of the dose available to the systemic circulation was also found, together with a modification of apparent plasma half-life and volume of distribution in regular dialysis patients during the dialysis day as compared with the after-dialysis day. No extraction of propranolol by the dialyzer was noticed. Marked fluctuations in propranolol blood concentrations were also observed in patients on regular dialysis following continuous propranolol treatment. The suppressive effect of propranolol on plasma renin activity did not fully correlate with the hypotensive effect of the drug. On the basis of the reported data, propranolol should be used with great caution and at low doses in chronic renal failure.

Adult↗