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Biomedical subjects

G Gray

Publications and source records attributed to G Gray.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Predictors of drinking and signs of heavy drinking among high school students.

This paper reports an investigation of factors associated with drinking and heavy drinking among high school students. The relative importance of social characteristics, parental drinking and parental rejection and control are assessed. Data were obtained from 1,439 students in two high schools. It is found that most students drink, but most drink infrequently (less than once a week and one or two drinks at time). Multivariate analysis using the MCA program indicates that students who frequently get drunk are those who are heavy drinkers, drink away from home and in cars, and whose drinking is not known to their parents. Parents' drinking and parental rejection and control have little unique explanatory power. It is suggested that parental modeling may be of most importance at the outset of drinking, whereas place and extent of drinking is most important in predicting the signs of heavy drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of recidivism rates for alcoholic detox residents referred to hospitals, halway houses, and outpatient facilities.

Recidivism rates were studied for alcoholics referred to treatment facilities from a detoxication center. The aims were to examine (1) the proportions of clients who arrived, (2) whether similar clients were referred to different facilities, and (3) whether different facilities had different recovery rates. Only a minority improved in terms of recidivism. There were no differences for those referred to halfway houses, hospitals, and nonresidential programs. Those who arrived for treatment or completed it did not have higher improvement rates than those who did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hemoglobin Vancouver [alpha2beta2(73)(E17) Asp replaced by Tyr]: its structure and function.

Hemoglobin Vancouver is a new abnormal hemoglobin with an amino acid substitution of the normal aspartyl residue 73 of the beta chain by a tyrosyl residue. It was discovered in a man of Chinese descent in association with beta thalassemia. It was subsequently detected in a sister in association with normal Hb A. The oxygen affinity of the abnormal hemoglobin is decreased but its subunit interaction is normal. The Bohr effect may be slightly increased. This is the fourth abnormal hemoglobin to be found with a substitution at beta73. The others are Hb C-Harlem (alpha2beta2 6Glu replaced by Val and 73 Asp replaced by Asn), Hb Korle-Bu (alpha2beta2 73Asp replaced by Asn), and Hb Mobile (alpha2beta2 73Asp replaced by Val). Although Hb Mobile was found in the present studies to have a decreased affinity for oxygen, Hbs C-Harlem and Korle-Bu have been reported to be normal. These observations of functional differences for variants of beta73 added to earlier observations of the role of the normal beta73 residue to the aggregation of sickle deoxyhemoglobin indicate that this position of the molecule may be important in intra as well as intermolecular interactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Effects of a non-steroidal antiandrogen on sexual behavior and pituitary-gonadal function in the male rat.

An investigation was conducted on the effects of the non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide (F; alpha-alpha-alpha-tri-fluoro-2-methyl-4-nitro-m-propionotoluidide) on two neuroendocrine mechanisms in the male rat, androgen-dependent sexual behavior, and LH regulation. F was administered in the dose of 50 mg/kg/day SC. In intact, sexually experienced adult males, no quantitative or qualitative behavioral effects were noted. In long-term castrates, F completely suppressed the effects of 100 mug testosterone propionate (TP) per day on accessory sexual glands and penes, but only partially inhibited the marked stimulatory effects of this moderate TP dose on mating. Although the incidence of testosterone (T)-activated ejaculatory behavior was markedly diminished, there was no statistically significant effect on occurrence of mount and intromission behavior. The rapid and profound elevations of circulating LH and T in intact males indicate an effective antagonism of the negative feedback effect of endogenous androgen, and suggest the usefulness of F as a provocative test of pituitary-testicular function. Pituitary LH response to exogenous LHRH was markedly enhanced, as previously found in castrated rats. The administration of F did not affect circulating T levels in T-treated or untreated castrates, indicating lack of interference of circulating F in the T assay. It was concluded that, like the steroidal antiandrogen cyproterone, non-steroidal F shows a divergence between its effects on peripheral androgen-dependent and central feedback mechanisms on the one hand, and sexual behavior on the other. It was not determined whether the inhibition of ejaculatory behavior following F treatment is centrally mediated or results from failure of the peripheral, androgen-dependent structural or functional elements.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

Benign small bowel tumor.

The clinical record and histologic sections of 84 cases of benign small bowel tumor are reviewed. Manifestations of systemic diseases, congenital anomalies, and lesions of either the ileocecal valve or periampullary region were excluded. In the same time span there were 96 small bowel malignancies. Clinical presentation, pathologic findings, management and result are compared to the collected published experience of about 2000 cases. There were 36 leiomyomas, 22 lipomas, 9 angiomas, 6 neurofibromas and 4 fibromas. Thirty-six men and 48 women were affected; the majority in their fifth and sixth decade. Seventy-eight were operative and 6 autopsy diagnoses. The most common symptom was obstruction (42%) followed by hemorrhage (34%) and pain (22%), relative frequency differing for the various specific tumors. There were rarely significant physical findings. A diagnosis of small bowel tumor was made radiologically in 30 patients. Because of the nonspecificity of other signs and symptoms, an acute awareness of the possibility of small bowel tumor is mandatory for preoperative anticipation of the diagnosis. Local resection was performed in all with no deaths or significant postoperative complications.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1973

Inaccuracies in measurement of dried milk powders.

Infant feeds made up from dried milk are known to be hazardous if the mixture is too concentrated. Tests with five commercial brands of dried milk showed that nurses, midwives, and mothers often made up feeds incorrectly; in most cases the amount of powder used was excessive.Fewer mistakes would be made if scoops were standardized or, better, if the milk was made up in small, accurately weighed packets.

Animals↗