Biomedical subjects

G Gomirato

Publications and source records attributed to G Gomirato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Colonization by Candida species is the most important predictor of the development of invasive fungal disease in preterm neonates, and the enteric reservoir is a major site of colonization. We evaluated the effectiveness of an orally supplemented probiotic (Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus; Dicoflor [Dicofarm spa]; 6 x 10(9) cfu/day) in the prevention of gastrointestinal colonization by Candida species in preterm, very low birth weight (i.e., < 1500-g) neonates during their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: Over a 12-month period, a prospective, randomized, blind, clinical trial that involved 80 preterm neonates with a very low birth weight was conducted in a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. During the first 3 days of life, the neonates were randomly assigned to receive either an oral probiotic added to human (maternal or pooled donors') milk (group A) or human milk alone (group B) for 6 weeks or until discharge from the NICU, if the neonate was discharged before 6 weeks. On a weekly basis, specimens obtained from various sites (i.e., oropharyngeal, stool, gastric aspirate, and rectal specimens) were collected from all patients for surveillance culture, to assess the occurrence and intensity of fungal colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS: The incidence of fungal enteric colonization (with colonization defined as at least 1 positive culture result for specimens obtained from at least 1 site) was significantly lower in group A than in group B (23.1% vs. 48.8%; relative risk, 0.315 [95% confidence interval, 0.120-0.826]; P = .01). The numbers of fungal isolates obtained from each neonate (P = .005) and from each colonized patient (P = .005) were also lower in group A than in group B. L. casei subspecies rhamnosus was more effective in the subgroup of neonates with a birth weight of 1001-1500 g. There were no changes in the relative proportions of the different Candida strains. No adverse effects potentially associated with the probiotic were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Orally administered L. casei subspecies rhamnosus significantly reduces the incidence and the intensity of enteric colonization by Candida species among very low birth weight neonates.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

Fungal and bacterial sepsis and threshold ROP in preterm very low birth weight neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between either fungal or bacterial sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study on all neonates with birth weight <1500 g admitted to a large Italian third Level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the years 1997-2001 and screened for ROP. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to detect significant associations with ROP (all grades and threshold) in neonates with birth weight<1000 g (extremely low birth weight (ELBW)) and 1000-1500 g. RESULTS: Among 301 enrolled neonates, ROP (all grades), threshold ROP, fungal and bacterial sepsis occurred in 31.9, 12.9, 11.6 and 40.5% of the infants, respectively. At multivariate analysis, only gestational age (P=0.03), colonization by Candida non-albicans spp (P=0.03) and fungal sepsis (P=0.03) were independent predictors of threshold ROP, and only in ELBW neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Fungal (but not bacterial) sepsis is significantly and independently associated with ROP, but only in ELBW neonates and only with threshold ROP.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed2005

[Effectiveness of topical acetate tocopherol for the prevention and treatment of skin lesions in newborns: a 5 years experience in a 3rd level Italian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit].

AIM: Neonates in NICU (especially when premature) are particularly prone to skin damage by action of external aggressive conditions such as chemical, physical, infectious, radiant, mechanical and iatrogenic factors. Strategies for avoiding disruption of the skin barrier are thus highly needed in such patients. METHODS: We evaluated the effectiveness of a acetate tocopherol (AT) ointment for topical use in 21 neonates admitted to our NICU and affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome with severe diaper exulcerative and erosive erythema with ulcer and granulation tissue at the bottom of the lesion (group A), and compared them to 19 matched neonates affected by the same condition and treated with a commonly used skin ointment (emollient type, water-in-oil category) (group B). For all newborns we calculated: the dermatological severity score (using a clinical score from 0 to 9 points according to the increasing severity of the lesions) at time 0, 4 and 7 days; the mean days for achieving complete recovery; the rate of therapeutical failures. RESULTS: Mean score at day 0 was 7.8 in group A vs 7.9 in group B (P=0.35 NS). At day 4 it was 4.6 in group A vs 6.5 in group B (P=0.03), at day in 7 it was 3.1 in group A vs 5.2 in group B (P=0.04). A complete recovery with restitutio ad integrum occurred after 9.1 mean days in group A vs 12.2 mean days in group B (P=0.04). The rate of therapeutical failures was significantly lower in group A (4.2% vs 30.6%; OR 0.235; P<0.01) than in group B. No adverse effects related to AT use were reported. CONCLUSIONS: AT in our experience proved to be safe and more effective than the commonly used skin ointments in the topical treatment of exulcerative skin lesions in NICU neonates.

Diaper Rash↗

PubMed1999

[Trisomy 6 with choanal atresia. The first Italian case].

The authors report the first Italian case (second in the world) of partial trisomy syndrome of chromosome 6. All the essential signs were present, in addition to choanal atresia, reported only once before in Italy. The phenomenological picture of this extremely rare anomaly is in the process of being completed by successive reports.

Choanal Atresia↗

PubMed1999

Poland syndrome: a case with a combination of syndromes.

The case of Poland syndrome reported incorporates a number of previously unrecorded features: hypoplasia of the left lung and agenesia of the epiglottis in addition to the standard symptoms. The case also presents certain features typical of the Moebius Syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Prions and infantile pathology].

The authors briefly review the problem of prions pathology (with particular emphasis on children). The outstanding interest of the subject justifies this review.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Prion-induced neuro-psychiatric syndromes.

Although further research is needed, the most recent thinking is that prions are tiny protein particles without DNA or RNA which have the ability to infect humans or animals. Prions cause slow infections which are fatal, experimentally transmissible, evoke no immune resistance from the infected host and are more resistant to disinfectants and chemical or physical agents than the other micro-organisms that proliferate in the infected host. Update no evidence of possible passage by mouth from cows to men with consequent illness.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[On the diagnosis of so-called "constitutional" bone diseases].

The authors review the diagnosis process of so-called "constitutional" bone diseases. They criticize the nomenclature and international classification of them and suggest a diagnostic classification which is virtually independent of structural and metabolic criteria: based on the site and extent of pathological manifestations. The paper also examines the term "dysmorphia", given that it is the shape of the bone segment which initially attracts and guides the clinical diagnosis of embryonal osteochondropathies and suggest it.

Body Constitution↗

PubMed1995

The diagnosis of so-called "constitutional" bone dysmorphias (embryonal osteochondropathies).

The authors review the diagnosis of so-called "consitutional" bone diseases. They criticise the international nomenclature and classification of the latter and propose a diagnostic classification for embryonal osteochondropathies, which is virtually independent of the structural and metabolic criteria, based on the criterion of site and the extent of pathological manifestations. They also examine the term "dysmorphia" given that it is the shape of the bone segment which first attracts attention and guides the clinical diagnosis of embryonal osteochrondropathies.

Bone Diseases↗

PubMed1994

[Cytokines, immunostimulation and lactic enzymes].

On the basis of numerous experimental studies the authors advance the hypothesis of the use of lactoferments for immunomodulating purposes. This entails using a traditional and innocuous method for infantile prophylaxis and therapy, (adapted for immunodepressive and even iatrogenic syndromes) which might be assigned a new role through modern, large-scale experimental research.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1994

[Low cholesterol and pathological manifestations].

The paper reviews the literature on the association between hypocholesterolemia and various pathologies. There are few studies on this topic and these are often fragmented and uncertain, in particular with regard to children. However, studies with a wide statistical basis have focused on the different stages of adulthood. There does not appear to be a genuine link between "low cholesterol" and disease in childhood, although the contrary would appear to be true. The authors invite pediatricians to examine this aspect further in view of the major repercussions that it may have on a wide range of factors. For this reason the authors consider it worthwhile presenting this innovative topic and field of research.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1994

Some objections to the international nomenclature for constitutional diseases of the bone.

The International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone is criticised and the concept of embryonic osteochondropathy is proposed as an alternative approach. It is claimed for example that the term "constitutional" has no real scientific or, above all, medical meaning. The defects of this "official" nomenclature are highlighted and a slimmer classification system of use in the diagnosis of osteochondroblastic mesenchymopathies is recommended.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗

PubMed1993

Criticism of the International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗

PubMed1991

[Relationship between the immune system and the neuroendocrine system in childhood].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

[The atherosclerosis problem in infancy. Some considerations].

The problem of some aspects of infantile atherosclerosis is examined synthetically (period of onset, classification of hyperdyslipidemia, lipidic fractions, threshold values, variations with age) and prevention examined at length. In particular, stress is laid on a "mixed" mass screening method to prevent many subjects being untouched by targeted screening investigation.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed1991

[Diagnostic considerations in "constitutional bone diseases"].

The author makes a few diagnostic comments regarding the so-called constitutional bone diseases, quoting the international nomenclature and a classification which is thought to be useful for diagnosis, based on clinical and radiological criteria rather than purely structural and metabolic findings.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗

PubMed1990

[A case of familial bilateral polycystic kidney].

The paper describes a case of bilateral polycystic kidney in a 14-year-old whose father and 3 brothers are also affected by bilateral renal cystic dysplasia (as is a paternal aunt), while a paternal uncle is affected by constant hematuria with no ultrasound signs of renal cystic dysplasia. The case in question is an adult type of dominant autosomal polycystic renal dysplasia, affecting all the males in the family and also a female within the family nucleus. The case is described in the light of the most recent reports on the subject and the problem of prevention is also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Remarks on a clinical case of partial carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency].

A preliminary undiagnosed case of partial carbamyl-phosphate-synthetase deficiency in a 14 year old patient is described. This extremely rare metabolic disorder is unlikely to produce clinical symptoms at such an advanced age. Details are given of the clinical picture, the diagnosis (by liver biopsy and post mortem liver examination) and the attempts at treatment.

Adolescent↗