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Biomedical subjects

G Geyer

Publications and source records attributed to G Geyer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Studies on the ascorbic acid metabolism of callitrichid monkeys by 14C isotope excretion technique.

Recently it has been found that the two monkey species Callithrix jacchus and Saguinus fuscicollis, both belonging to the same New World monkey family Callitrichidae and held in the same colony under identical conditions, had extremely different serum ascorbate levels. To examine the ascorbic acid metabolism the 14C-excretion of orally given 1-14C-ascorbic acid was studied under conditions of marginal and abundant vitamin C supply and under intentional stress. There were large differences in the mode of 14C excretion between low and high ascorbate supply. The differences were smaller between stress/no stress conditions intraindividually than between the two species, but they were in the same manner. In comparable trials S. fuscicollis reacted such that a higher status of stress can be supposed in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Differential diagnosis of otorhinolaryngologic pain syndromes].

As a guiding symptom, acute pain usually leads to the correct diagnosis. In most cases, chronic pain has lost its warning effect. It is often a diagnostic problem to localize the starting point of the pain. Thus, seeking the advice of a number of specialists has proved to be valuable. In more than half of the "pain patients", complaints of pain in the head and neck area are prevalent. The article deals with several pain syndromes which are of importance for the ENT physician. Pain in the ear can be caused by inflammation, tumor, or injury in the area of 5th, 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves, and of the course of the cervical nerves 1-3. In facial pain, symptomatic reasons such as tumors along the involved nerves, Sjögren's, or styloid syndrome, have to be taken into consideration.

Cranial Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Therapy of metastatic carcinoid with the somatostatin analog octreotide and with recombinant interferon alfa 2b].

A 69 year-old male with carcinoid syndrome and undetectable primary tumour, but disseminated liver metastases, was treated with somatostatin analogue octreotide (Sandostatin) and later additionally with recombinant interferon alpha 2 b (r IFN alpha 2 b, Intron A). The carcinoid symptoms (flushing, diarrhoea) were stopped within hours by octreotide. Simultaneously, the urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion and serum serotonin levels decreased by more than 50%. In spite of continued treatment with r IFN alpha 2 b a reduction in dosage of octreotide resulted in a rapid recurrence of carcinoid symptoms, suggesting that IFN alpha 2 b had no effect on the carcinoid symptoms in this patient. Since, furthermore, no regression of the tumour mass was observed, treatment with IFN was stopped after 8 months. During 15 months of treatment to date the patient has been kept free of symptoms by octreotide.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The influence of age on human pancreatic growth hormone releasing hormone stimulated growth hormone secretion.

63 non-obese healthy subjects aged 18 to 95 years were investigated for age-dependence of GHRH-stimulated GH-secretion. In addition, priming of GH-secretion with three oral doses of propranolol (3 x 80 mg, the last dose 2 hours prior to the second GHRH-bolus) was carried out in 15 subjects below 40 years and 13 subjects older than 70 years. We found that mean maximal incremental GH-levels were inversely correlated with chronological age (r = -0.44, P = 0.001) of the probands. Propranolol premedication caused a significant rise of both basal and peak GHRH-induced relative increases in all subjects tested, whereas GHRH-induced relative increases of GH remained unchanged. In a well selected group of non-obese healthy subjects stimulated GH-secretion is found to undergo an aging process that is supposed to be of pituitary and suprapituitary origin. Priming GH-secretion with a beta-Blocker is possible both in young and very old healthy subjects and is likely to affect the basal GH secretory tone and not GHRH-stimulated GH-secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Bacteriological, clinical, and pharmacokinetic studies of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck surgery].

The point of this study was to analyze the possible benefits of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients from whom oral cavity or throat tumors are removed. The criteria used to judge the efficacy of each treatment included the clinical course of the treatment, the bacterial colonization of the surgical area as well as the growth of bacteria during the postoperative phase. 50 patients were chosen and grouped according to their surgical treatment: laryngectomy (n = 20), partial laryngectomy (n = 22) or tongue, floor of the mouth, soft palate, gum or base of the tongue partial resection (n = 8). Within each surgical group, patients were randomly chosen for antibiotic prophylaxis; others constituted the untreated control group. The antibiotic prophylaxis consisted of 5 g Mezlocillin administered at the time of narcosis for 20 min followed by 0.5 g Metronidazol for 10 min. These medications were given in 8-hour intervals for three days following surgery. Investigation of the first 20 patients (prophylaxis group n = 7, control group n = 13) revealed that the combination of Mezlocillin and Metronidazol positively influenced post-operative recovery (no complications) while the patients without prophylactic antibiotic treatment suffered general or local complication leading to, in 10 cases, the necessity of postoperative therapy. On the basis of these results, the random grouping of the patients was ended and all 30 remaining patients were given the antibiotic prophylaxis. Regardless of antibiotic treatment, the great majority of microbes isolated from throat swabs and tracheal secretions were gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. A prerequisite for efficacious prophylaxis is that the antibiotics be applied before the operation, so that a sufficient concentration is present at the time of pharyngotomy. On the basis of pharmacokinetic investigations, administration of the antibiotic 30 min preoperatively fulfills this requirement. Further, our recommendation, based on our measurement of the spectrum of bacteria present and their growth is that the antibiotics be applied over a period of three days postoperatively. This recommendation is also based on the fact that some patients (those having undergone partial laryngectomy or tongue, floor of the mouth, base of the tongue partial resections) have suffered loss of the swallowing reflex so that there exists a continuous contamination of the surgical area with pathogens or facultative pathogens coming from the nasal or oral cavities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Perioperative prophylaxis with cefmenoxime and metronidazole in patients with head and neck tumors].

Twenty-one patients with carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx and the tongue underwent surgery under perioperative prophylaxis with cefmenoxime and metronidazole. Healing was uneventful and the clinical and the chemical parameters remained normally. The level of the antibiotics was effective against most of the bacteria cultured from tracheal aspirate and the posterior wall of the oral cavity. Effective perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary in head and neck surgery: the use of simple antibiotics in short courses should be assessed.

Cefmenoxime↗
PubMed1985

[Echographic diagnosis in orbital mucoceles].

Sonography in 68 patients with orbital mucoceles revealed the following, pathognomonical A-scan criteria: Regular structure, low to extremely low reflectivity, sharply outlined borders, bony defects, missing or minimal compressibility and typical location in the supero-nasal anterior orbit. The echographical findings of "mucoceles" secondary to paranasal tumours are specially emphasised. Echography proves to be a very useful method in the detection and differentiation of orbital complications in paranasal diseases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Congenital hepatic fibrosis: a family study.

One family with four of seven siblings with congenital hepatic fibrosis is reported. The proband, the only member of this family with symptoms referable to the disease, was hospitalized because of an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. He had a presinusoidal type of portal hypertension. The other three siblings had the latent form of congenital hepatic fibrosis. In the family studied, intravenous pyelography and kidney biopsies showed normal results. This condition is possibly an inherited recessive autosomal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of the ethmoid sinus. II: Clinical findings].

We report on our first clinical results of the echographical examination in ethmoidal diseases using the transocular sound beam direction, and present the A- and B-scan findings in ethmoidal inflammation, mucoceles and tumours. If bony defects in the medical orbital wall and orbital involvement are present, standardized A-scan sonography enables us not only to detect, localise and measure, but also to differentiate various ethmoidal tumours.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of orbital floor fractures].

In this study symptoms of fractures of the orbital floor are described. The problems of diagnosis by x-ray are demonstrated. There is no evidence of bony fractures in many cases in standard x-ray pictures. Diagnosis of fractures of the orbital floor is established in most patients by polytomography. This method, however, implicates the disadvantage of high radiation exposure. Experimental studies have shown that fractures of a width of at least 1 mm. and bony fragments greater than 1 X 1 mm. can be visualized in the B-scan. All 62 cases of fractures of the orbital floor found intraoperatively had been diagnosed by ultrasound before surgery.

Fractures, Open↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic diagnosis of the ethmoid sinus. I: General principles, experimental studies, study technic and normal findings].

A technique for the echographical examination of the ethmoidal sinus is presented. Experimental and clinical investigations have shown that the medium and even the posterior part of the ethmoid can be examined, if the probe is placed on the anesthesized conjunctiva of the lateral part of the palpebral fissure. Experimental and normal findings are demonstrated and discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[The seromucous tympanum].

In children who underwent adenoidectomy, paracentesis or tympanotomy with tube insertion, secretory otitis media continued in about 30% of 397 ears. In order to prevent degenerative changes of the ear-drum repeated insertion of ventilation tubes had to be performed. Anatomical peculiarities, malformations, hyperplastic adenoids and tonsils, infection of the paranasal sinuses and allergy are discussed as etiologic factors of SOM.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1983

Opiate withdrawal using lofexidine, a clonidine analogue with fewer side effects.

In an open clinical trial, lofexidine, an alpha-noradrenergic agonist similar to clonidine, was administered to 30 opiate-dependent outpatient volunteers following abrupt discontinuation of chronic methadone or levo-alpha acetylmethadol (LAAM). Lofexidine significantly reduced opiate withdrawal symptoms without the adverse sedative and hypotensive effects that limit the safety and usefulness of clonidine. Lofexidine might prove to be a safer and more effective nonopiate treatment for opiate withdrawal, especially for ambulatory outpatients; controlled studies are required to confirm this possibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Value of neurectomy in cochleo-vestibular disorders].

39 patients who suffered from therapy-resistant cochlear-vestibular disturbance, underwent neurectomy procedures for the control of their disease; half a year after surgery a follow-up inquiry ascertained their present condition. 29 patients had a history of Ménière's disease; in 9 patients the patients' condition after stapedectomy, injury of the skull or vascular malformation in the internal auditory canal were the reason for surgery. In the first group the disabling attacks of vertigo had disappeared. The effects of symptoms such as tinnitus, pressure, hearing loss and an occasional unsteadiness were felt to be less severe. Strikingly divergent opinions were expressed on the results of surgery in the second group; on the whole, these patients did not feel as positively about their operation as those who had been suffering from Ménière's disease.

Cochlear Nerve↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of panendoscopy in the search for the primary tumor in neck metastases].

34 patients suffering from a metastatic cervical neoplasm with unknown origin of the primary tumour were examined between 1977 and 1981. The site of the primary tumour was detected in 61% (= 21 cases) of the patients. In the literature (4158 cases, 61 authors) a 32% success rate only was stated. Diagnostic improvement was achieved via "panendoscopy". This method allows a complete systematic evaluation of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Sipple syndrome (bilateral phaeochromocytoma medullary C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland) with exceptionally prolonged clinical course].

The sporadic occurrence of the Sipple syndrome with bilateral phaeochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma is a well-known pathological entity. The present report refers to a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma, initially misdiagnosed as Hurthle-cell adenoma after partial resection of the thyroid gland. 5 and 8 years later the patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma. 4 years after the second phaeochromocytoma a palpable thyroid nodule developed, thyroidectomy was performed and the tumour diagnosed as a medullary thyroid carcinoma. This diagnosis was confirmed by reexamination of the histological specimens obtained during the first surgical intervention. We were prompted to report the current case history, because of the protracted course of the medullary thyroid carcinoma in this patient and to point out the value of the determination of pentagastrin stimulated calcitonin values in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma for diagnosis, postoperative follow-up and in family screening studies.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗