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Biomedical subjects

G Gasbarrini

Publications and source records attributed to G Gasbarrini.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
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Autoinflammatory syndromes.

The autoinflammatory disorders are a new and expanding classification of inflammatory diseases characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation in the absence of pathogens, autoantibodies or antigen specific T cells. These disorders are caused by primary dysfunction of the innate immune system, without evidence of adaptive immune dysregulation. Innate immune abnormalities include aberrant responses to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, prominent neutrophilia in blood and tissues, and dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) or their receptors. The autoinflammatory diseases comprise both hereditary (Familial Mediterranean Fever, FMF; Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency, MKD; TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome, TRAPS; Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome, CAPS; Blau syndrome; Pyogenic sterile Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum and Acne syndrome, PAPA; Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis, CRMO) and multifactorial (Crohn's and Behçet's diseases) disorders. Mutations responsible for FMF, TRAPS, CAPS, PAPA are in proteins involved in modulation of inflammation and apoptosis.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
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A novel pathogenic role for microvasculature in inflammatory bowel disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although their etiology is still unknown, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammation have made impressive progress in our understanding. In particular, the abnormalities underlying IBD pathogenesis are not restricted to those mediated by classical immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, but also nonimmune cells. Interestingly, endothelium has become one of the major areas of investigation in gut inflammation.

Animals↗
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Early atherosclerosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Arterial and venous system may be involved. Moreover, mesenteric microvascular thrombosis has been hypothesised as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Early atherosclerosis is a clinical feature common to several inflammatory and immunological diseases in which atherothrombotic complication represents one of the most important cause of mortality and morbidity. We investigate the prevalence and the entity of the early stages of vascular disease in a population of IBD patients without the classical cardiovascular risk factors, by measuring the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery. We found that IBD patients have an increased risk of early atherosclerosis than healthy controls as showed by greater values of carotid IMT and that homocysteine levels and age were independently associated with the increased arterial wall thickness.

Age Factors↗
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with SonoVue after infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease.

The introduction of biological treatments like monoclonal anti TNF-a antibodies (infliximab), is changing the clinical history of Crohn's disease (CD). The effects of these therapies are monitored emplying clinical indexes of active disease, laboratory parameters, endoscopy and histology, and also with imaging techniques. A new ultrasound contrast agent, SonoVue (Bracco SpA, Milano, Italy), is opening new perspectives in the study of microvasculature of several organs. Aim of this study is to evaluate by SonoVue enhanced ultrasonography (US) the occurrence of modifications in bowel wall microvasculature of CD patients and to correlate them with parameters of disease activity and to follow up the findings during infliximab therapy. After performing a basal color-doppler ultrasonography, the study of the affected bowel loop is performed after i.v. injection of SonoVue and the enhancement is evaluated on a qualitative basis. We report on the preliminary results obtained in twenty patients, eight of which have been treated with three infusions of infliximab (induction cycle) and evaluated at baseline and after the treatment. While at baseline we describe a positive correlation of SonoVue enhancement of the affected bowel loop with CRP, alpha1-glycoprotein and white blood cell number, after infliximab treatment in 6/8 cases a definite improvement was detected. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the changes of bowel wall enhancement after i.v. SonoVue during infliximab therapy might represent an useful, not invasive and relatively low cost imaging modality for the clinical monitoring of activity of small bowel Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
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Antibodies to hepatocyte derived antigens and liver damage in patients after bone marrow transplantation.

The follow-up sera from 33 patients who received allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were tested by ELISA for antibodies to liver derived antigens present in a macromolecular, lipid associated, protein complex (LSP). Anti-LSP were found in 20% of patients with graft-vs-host disease (1 with acute GVHD, 3 with chronic GVHD), but in none of the 13 patients without GVHD. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTA) were frequently detected with similar prevalence in patients with and without GVHD. In the 4 anti-LSP +ve cases, LCTA serum levels did not follow the trend of anti-LSP antibody levels. Liver biopsy was performed in 10 patients with clinical and biochemical sign of GVHD and showed features of hepatic GVHD in six cases; although piecemeal necrosis was present in 3 cases, anti-LSP were detected only in one patient. An anti-LSP response can be elicited in patients after BMT only during GVHD, with no relationship to LCTA and without a close association with signs of periportal hepatocyte damage.

Adolescent↗
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[Effects of bicarbonated-alkaline water (Uliveto) on gastric and gallbladder emptying in normal subjects. Ultrasonic evaluation].

In 10 healthy patients gastric and gallbladder emptying after a standard meal (800 cal, 60% glucides, 20% protides, 20 lipids) associated with 400 ml alkaline bicarbonated water or tap water were evaluated by ultrasonography. An increase of gastric emptying was noted after alkaline bicarbonated water versus tap water with significant differences at 30' (p less than 0.05), 60' (p less than 0.01) and 120' (p less than 0.05). No significant differences exist in final gastric emptying time. Alkaline bicarbonated water induced less intensive gallbladder emptying with statistical difference versus tap water at 60' and 120' from the standard meal (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
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Prostanoids in peritoneal fluid of infertile women with pelvic endometriosis and PID.

Peritoneal fluid collected at celioscopy in infertile subjects was assayed for steroids and several prostanoids (PGE2, PGF2, TXB2, LTB4) as part of a study into pathophysiology of the female reproductive tract. Prostaglandins, produced massively in the pelvis, might interfere with fertility through various mechanisms (alterations in the egg implantation, follicle genesis, luteinization as well as tubal disorders). Our study of 54 patients showed a marked increase only of TXB2 out of the prostanoids assayed in overall endometriosis. In pelvic flogosis peritoneal LTB4 (and TXB2) were considerably increased if related to controls. This would suggest their role in the ethiopathogenesis of unexplained infertility (in relation to these pathologic patterns).

Ascitic Fluid↗