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Biomedical subjects

G Garrido

Publications and source records attributed to G Garrido.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of different types of high carbohydrate diets on glycogen metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of endurance-trained rats.

Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum four different diets containing fructose, sucrose, maltodextrins or starch as the source of carbohydrate (CH). One group was subjected to moderate physical training on a motor-driven treadmill for 10 weeks (trained rats). A second group received no training and acted as a control (sedentary rats). Glycogen metabolism was studied in the liver and skeletal muscle of these animals. In the sedentary rats, liver glycogen concentrations increased by 60%-90% with the administration of simple CH diets compared with complex CH diets, whereas skeletal muscle glycogen stores were not significantly affected by the diet. Physical training induced a marked decrease in the glycogen content in liver (20%-30% of the sedentary rats) and skeletal muscle (50%-80% of the sedentary rats) in animals fed simple (but not complex) CH diets. In liver this was accompanied by a two-fold increase of triacylglycerol concentrations. Compared with simple CH diets, complex CH feeding increased by 50%-150% glycogen synthase (GS) activity in liver, whereas only a slight increase in GS activity was observed in skeletal muscle. In all the animal groups, a direct relationship existed between tissue glucose 6-phosphate concentration and glycogen content (r = 0.9911 in liver, r = 0.7177 in skeletal muscle). In contrast, no relationship was evident between glycogen concentrations and either glycogen phosphorylase activity or adenosine 5'-monophosphate tissue concentration. The results from this study thus suggest that for trained rats diets containing complex CH (compared with diets containing simple CH) improve the glycogenic capacity of liver and skeletal muscle, thus enabling the adequate regeneration of glycogen stores in these two tissues.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1993

Effects of tetrandrine on Ca(2+)- and Na(+)-currents of single bullfrog cardiomyocytes.

Tetrandrine is a natural alkaloid classified as a calcium antagonist. However, its precise actions on Ca(2+)-currents in cardiac cells have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of tetrandrine on the Ca(2+)-currents of single bullfrog cardiac cells, using the patch-clamp technique. Tetrandrine slightly increased ICaL from negative holding potentials (-100 mV) at low concentrations (10 nM-1 microM) and inhibited it at higher concentrations. At depolarized holding potentials (-50 mV) only an enhanced inhibition was seen. Tetrandrine blockade of the L-type Ca(2+)-current (ICaL) was mostly tonic. This is similar to ICaL blockade by nifedipine but not by verapamil, the latter being mostly use-dependent. Use-dependent effects of tetrandrine and nifedipine were evident at high rates. Availability curves were shifted leftwards (10-12 mV) by tetrandrine (10 microM) and nifedipine (1 microM). The T-type Ca(2+)-current (ICaT), although less sensitive, was decreased by both agents in a voltage-independent way. Tetrandrine (10-30 microM) but not nifedipine (1-10 microM), depressed the Na(+)-current (INa) in tonic, use- and voltage-dependent manners. We conclude that tetrandrine and nifedipine share some common actions on cardiac Ca(2+)-channels, while showing differences in their actions on Na(+)-channels. The depression of INa by tetrandrine suggests it could be effective on supraventricular tachycardias.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

[Anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional status of a elderly group from Madrid (Spain)].

Body composition was assessed by means of anthropometry in a group of 75 elderly people (21 men and 54 women), aged 65 to 95 years (mean age 82.1 +/- 0.7) (x +/- SE), mean weight 58.5 +/- 1.7 kg and mean height 150.4 +/- 1.1 cm, which live in al Old People's Home in the Autonomic Community of Madrid. The average Quetelet Index 25.7 +/- 0.7 kg/m2 indicates a basically normal situation although there are 21% obese elderly with Quetelet over 30 kg/m2 and 12% of the cases with the index under 20 kg/m2. Even though the skinfold thickness in our population is inferior to the results obtained in other studies, the triceps skinfold is nearer the values given by other authors, and the suprailiac skinfold is completely different. This means that the elderly studied have less abdominal fat accumulation and more accumulation in arms and legs. This fat distribution can be beneficial in relationship to the risk of suffering several pathologies. Of the males, 15% and 22% of the females have their weight 25% and 30%, respectively, higher than their ideal weight. But there are also some of them with ponderal deficiency; by this means, 23% have 95% lesser than their ideal weight, indicating moderate malnutrition. A total of 16% have less than 85%, indicating medium malnutrition and 2 have less than 75% of the ideal weight, which is indicating of severe deficiency. With age, the measured height, weight, skinfolds, circumferences and diameters, the fat and lean body mass values decrease, the abdominal skinfold and the fat body mass decreasing significantly. Our results can contribute to increase knowledge as to the nutritional status and body composition of the Spanish elderly, and emphasize the coexistence of fat and ponderal excess with deficiencies of higher or lower importance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of nutrition on the functional capacity of a group of elderly Spaniards].

The present study analyzes the influence of the nutritional status on the functional capability of 11 institutionalized elderly living in Madrid (Spain). Nutritional status was evaluated by dietetic, anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data and functional status was evaluated considering adiposity, strength in hands and legs bent and stretched and flexibility. The most important nutritional problems that conditional functional wastages are obesity, hypercholesterolemia and protein and micronutrient deficiency. The adverse influence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia on the functional capacity of the elderly is shown by the inverse relationship between flexibility and strength in hands and legs with the adiposity degree, with the thickness of skin folds and the cholesterolemia. In reference to the diet's influence, there are positive correlations between food intake and most of the nutrients with hand and legs strength, and there are statistical significances for proteins, iron, zinc, magnesium and pyridoxine, and also for vitamin C, niacin, thiamin, folic acid and vitamin E. For blood values, the mayor correlation exists between functional parameters and iron, ferritin and vitamin C levels. Our results contribute to confirm the influence of nutrition on the functional capacity of the influence of nutrition on the functional capacity of the elderly and manifest the necessity of improving the elderly's diet, to prevent micronutrient deficiency and also the necessity of increasing their physical activity. Both measures will mean an important help for sanitary and functional improvement of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Prajmalium, an antiarrhythmic with positive inotropic effect: mechanism of action in rabbit single cardiomyocytes.

The propyl derivative of ajmaline, N-n-propylajamaline (prajmalium), is an antiarrhythmic compound that lacks the commonly reported negative inotropic effects of all others under clinical use. The present study was undertaken to establish and understand its effects at the cellular level in mammalian preparations. Electrical and mechanical activities were recorded from right ventricular strips and Na and L-type Ca currents (INa and ICaL, respectively) were recorded with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in right ventricular myocytes freshly dissociated from rabbit hearts. Prajmalium decreased the maximal rate of depolarization of the action potential in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 3 microM. This effect was use and frequency dependent. Action potential duration was increased by 1 microM prajamalium but decreased on applying higher concentrations. The force of contraction was slightly (15%) increased at 0.1 microM, not affected at all at 1 microM and depressed by 30% at 20 microM. In single cardiomyocytes maintained at negative holding potentials, INa was slightly depressed by prajmalium at 10 nM and reduced by 75% at 10 microM. ICaL was increased by 30 and 20% on applying prajmalium at 1 and 10 microM, respectively; on the other hand, ICaL was reduced by these two concentrations of prajmalium at less negative holding potentials. A higher prajmalium concentration (100 microM) decreased ICaL at all holding potentials studies and this effect was enhanced with depolarization. The increase in ICaL induced by prajmalium (1 microM) was also observed after ICaL had been fully beta-adrenergic and P2-purinergic stimulated by isoproterenol (1 microM) in the presence of IBMX (100 microM) and ATP (10 microM). It is concluded that prajmalium is able to increase ICaL in rabbit ventricular cells in a voltage-dependent manner, an effect that could account in part for the observed lack of negative inotropism of this antiarrhythmic in clinics.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

[Biliary calculi resistant to dissolution with bile acids: their heterogeneous composition and diversity of treatment response].

We have studied thirteen biliary stones resistant to biliary acids, using technical methods of stereomicroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and EDX analyses. We have investigated changes on surface. Three biliary stones did not change and were considered resistant. Seven biliary stones appear partially dissolved and we observed many irregularities on surface and/or concentric dips in relation with cholesterol dissolution. In six cases, biliary pigment alternates with cholesterol. In three cases we observed a calcium carbonate coat on surface. One case included organic fibers. One biliary stone showed cholesterol with spherical bodies of calcium carbonate and pigment. It was a relapsed case of combined treatment. Three stones are composed of small black portions of polymerized calcium bilirubinate, rich in copper and iron. Our results demonstrate that biliary stones previously selected for treatment are a heterogeneous group. Because of this fact we get variable and unpredictable results.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1991

Domains of yeast plasma membrane and ATPase-associated glycoprotein.

In yeast homogenates the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and a major surface glycoprotein of about 115 kDa are present in two membrane fractions with peak densities in sucrose gradients of 1.17 and 1.22. Immunogold electron microscopy of frozen yeast sections indicates that the ATPase is exclusively (greater than 95%) present at the surface membrane. Therefore the two ATPase-containing fractions appear to correspond to different domains of the plasma membrane. The 115 kDa glycoprotein is tightly associated with the ATPase during solubilization and purification of the enzyme. However, in a mutant lacking the glycoprotein the activity of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is similar to wild type, suggesting that this association is fortuitous. The ATPase and the glycoprotein are difficult to separate by electrophoresis and therefore binding of concanavalin A to the ATPase cannot be unambiguously demonstrated in wild-type yeast. By utilizing the mutant without glycoprotein it was shown that the ATPase band of 105 kDa binds concanavalin A.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1991

[Bone mass peak, evaluation using bone densitometry of the whole body in a normal female population in our environment].

Considerable debate exists about when the maximal bone mass, or "bone mass peak" is physiological acquired. In the present study, 140 normal females aged 15 through 19 years (n = 18), 20 through 29 years (n = 58) and 30 through 39 years (n = 64), were assessed in order to determine their total body bone mineral (TBBM) content, as bone mass parameter, by bone densitometry with dual energy X rays. We did not observe significant differences in TBBM values between the different groups. A positive and significant correlation existed between age and TBBM (r = 0.486, p less than 0.05) in female aged 15 to 19 years but not in the rest of the groups. These data suggest that female acquired their maximal bone mass, or bone mass peak, up to the age of 20 years and that it remains stable until, at lest, the age of 39 years. We point up the importance of achieving an adequate skeletal development in females during their first 20 years of life that could perhaps protect them from suffering subsequently from osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1988

A review of peripheral tuberculous arthritis.

There is a clear difference between TB infection and TB. Transition from the former to the latter involves host factors and perhaps environmental elements. Currently, more individuals with immunosuppressive situations caused by aging, debilitating diseases, immunosuppressive therapies, and HIV-III infection are predisposed to secondary forms of TB. Different patterns of clinical presentation, at variance with those previously described, could result from these changes in the host. PTBA is a good example. In the present review of 52 patients, we found that patient age is rising, as has been reported in other western countries. We also found that oligoarthritis and involvement of non-weight-bearing joints is becoming more common. From the diagnostic point of view, histological studies and cultures of synovial tissue remain the most reliable tests. Awareness of these factors, recognition of changing patterns, proper use of diagnostic procedures, and early treatment should improve the outcome of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Study of the formation of fibrin clot in cirrhotic patients. An approach to study of acquired dysfibrinogenemia.

Alterations in the coagulation system are common in patients with liver disease. We have examined the importance of the species and chains of fibrinogen in 3 groups of cirrhotic patients. The study of the gelation of fibrinogen in cirrhotic patients shows that the lag time increases in 80.3% of them and that the maximum gelation rate is altered in 51% of these plasmas. Also it is observed that 80% of the plasmas from cirrhotic patients have a percentage (23.3 +/- 7.7%) of unpolymerized alpha chain, after highly cross-linked fibrin formation. These alterations, in lag time and in the maximum gelation rate, have no significant correlation with the situation of the fibrinolytic system in these patients. The study of isolated fibrinogen from cirrhotic patients and normal subjects plasma, shows that there are no objective alterations in the percentage of fibrinogen species, the amount of sialic acid or the ratio of polypeptide chains.

Afibrinogenemia↗
PubMed1987

Antibodies to extractable cellular antigens in Spanish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

We studied the frequency of antibodies to extractable cellular antigens in 90 Spanish SLE patients. Antibodies to Sm, nRNP, Ro and La were found, respectively, in 6 (6.6%), 18 (20%), 30 (33.3%) and 6 (6.6%) patients. In spite of HLA differences, these results are similar to those found by other authors in Caucasian SLE patients. Our only relevant association was the finding of severe renal disease and high frequency of anti-DNA and hypocomplementemia in patients with antibodies to Ro. Based on these and earlier findings, we discuss the possibility that the immune response to Ro in Spanish patients might be located in a unique extended HLA-complement haplotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prostatic cancer in patients 80 years of age.

Thirty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, Grade III-V, Stage IV, 80 years of age or more have been studied. Survival rate at 12 months was 19/30 (63.3%). Survival rate at 3 years was 18/30 (60%). The results of this study show that in spite of being a selected group of patients with high grade, high stage tumors, the survival rate at three years was even better when compared to a heterogeneous group of patients ten years younger (57.75%).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Lesser curvature tubular gastroplasty with partial plication for gastroesophageal reflux: manometric and pH-metric postoperative studies.

Thirty-four patients with sliding hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux, or both were treated by lesser curvature gastroplasty with partial gastric plication, using a surgical stapler. Before operation, esophageal manometric studies were performed in 33 patients and during the early postoperative period (1 to 3 months), in 34. The esophageal pH test was performed before operation in 22 patients, shortly after discharge in 27, and later in 30 patients. The clinical results were considered satisfactory in 30 patients (88%) after follow-up ranging from 18 to 33 months (average, 23 months). Before the procedure, the abdominal compression test was positive in 25 of 30 patients (83%). In early postoperative studies it was positive in 1 out of 34 patients (3%), but in the second series of postoperative studies it was positive in 9 out of 32 (28%). After instillation of hydrochloric acid into the stomach, the esophageal pH test was considered positive in 17 out of 22 patients in preoperative studies (77%). In early postoperative studies the test was positive in 3 out of 27 patients (11%) and one year later, in 7 out of 30 (23%). The later postoperative studies showed a higher number of positive reflux tests than the early studies, 28 and 23% positive in manometric and pH tests, respectively.

Esophagogastric Junction↗