Biomedical subjects

G Garratty

Publications and source records attributed to G Garratty.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Occurrence of massive intravascular hemolysis.

A patient with penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia had massive intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Substantial amounts of complement components C3 and C4 were detected on the patient's red blood cells (RBCs), in addition to the usual IgG antibody to penicillin. The patient's serum demonstrated a high titer of antibody to penicillin (8,000), which did not cause hemolysis in vitro, but did cause complement fixation when incubated with normal serum. The presence of complement components on the patient's RBCs, and the finding that the serum fixed complement in vitro suggests that penicillin-antipenicillin immune complexes may have been present in the serum. We attribute the severity of the hemolysis to participation of the complement system in the hemolytic process and to the high titer of antibody to pencillin.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia.

Drug administration causes from 16 to 18 per cent of cases of acquired immune hemolytic anemia. The pathogenesis of erythrocyte sensitization by drug-related antibody with or without fixation of complement is variable, and there is a relationship between the responsible drug, the mechanism of red cell sensitization, clinical manifestations and laboratory methods of diagnosis. Drugs such as phenacetin and quinidine form a complex with the antidrug antibody, and the immune complex attaches to red cells usually fixing complement and causing acute intravascular hemolysis. Other drugs (e.g., penicillins), when given in large doses, coat normal red cells in vivo and in some patients a high titer IgG anti-drug antibody develops which reacts with the coated cells. Hemolytic anemia may develop with red cell destruction being primarily extravascular. Cephalosporins cause positive direct antiglobulin tests in a small percentage of patients either by the same mechanism as penicillins or by modification of the red cell membrane leading to nonimmunologic absorption of serum proteins. Hemolytic anemia has been reported only rarely. A few drugs (notably alpha methyldopa) cause the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Knowledge of clinical manifestations and laboratory aids to diagnosis is necessary to distinguish immunohematologic abnormalities caused by drugs from other causes.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1975

Another example of anti-IB.

Another example of anti-IB is reported. The antibody would only react with cells having both B and I antigens and was transient.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1975

Drug-induced haemolytic anemia.

Drug administration causes 16 to 18 per cent of cases of acquired immune haemolytic anaemia. The pathogenesis of erythrocyte sensitisation by drug-related antibody with or without fixation of complement is variable and there is a relationship between the responsible drug, the mechanism of red cell sensitisation, clinical manifestations, and laboratory methods of diagnosis. Drugs such as phenacetin and quinidine form a complex with the antidrug antibody, and the immune complex attaches to red cells usually fixing complement and causing acute intravascular haemolysis. Other drugs (e.g. penicillins) when given in high doses coat normal red cells in vivo and some patients develop a high titre IgG antidrug antibody which reacts with the coated cells. Haemolytic anaemia may develop, with red cell destruction being primarily extravascular. Cephalosporins cause positive direct antiglobulin tests in a small percentage of patients either by the same mechanism as penicillins or by modification of the red cell membrane leading to non-immunological absorption of serum proteins. Haemolytic anaemia has been reported only rarely. A few drugs (notably alpha-methyldopa) cause the development of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. A knowledge of clinical manifestations and laboratory aids to diagnosis are necessary to distinguish immunohaematological abnormalities caused by drugs fron other causes. Drugs may also cause haemolytic anaemia by nonimmunologic mechanisms as a result of oxidative denaturation of haemoglobin. Factors which make red cells particularly susceptible to the effects of oxidant drugs are intraerythrocytic metabolic abnormalities or the presence of unstable haemoglobins.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗

PubMed1974