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Biomedical subjects

G Gall

Publications and source records attributed to G Gall.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Utility of psychosocial screening at a school-based health center.

School-based health centers (SBHC) have substantial potential to improve the recognition and treatment of adolescents' mental health problems. This study was undertaken as a quality improvement project to evaluate utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist when completed by youth (PSC-Y) among 383 adolescents seen at a SBHC, and the extent to which identification of psychosocial dysfunction and referral to mental health services improved academic functioning. Adolescents identified by the PSC-Y were significantly more likely to be insured by Medicaid, be a teen-age parent, and to have higher rates of absenteeism and tardiness in comparison to those not identified. Adolescents identified with the PSC-Y who were referred to mental health services significantly decreased their rates of absences and tardiness. Study results provide support for the utility of psychosocial screening and referral in the SBHC environment in facilitating recognition and treatment of adolescent mental health problems and improving student academic functioning.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1988

Multidisciplinary evaluation in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.

Radical prostatectomy is associated with a postoperative impotence rate of 90%, a sequel that is the least acceptable to the patient. The use of the nerve-sparing procedure according to Walsh (1) with 70% restoration of sexual power postoperatively is limited considering the prevalence of periprostatic tumour invasion. A method is described which satisfies the demand for both a radical surgical procedure and postoperative restoration of sexual power.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Familial polyposis coli in childhood.

Familial polyposis coli has generally been considered a disorder of adulthood that is rarely identified in children. We report 3 affected kindreds in which the disorder was diagnosed in 6 of 11 potentially affected children between 8 and 16 years of age. Experience with these kindreds demonstrates that polyps frequently develop during childhood in affected individuals. Colonoscopy was found to be preferable to the air-contrast barium enema, in that it was as sensitive a technique for detection of adenomas, and in that it also permitted collection of biopsies for histologic confirmation. We recommend that colonoscopy be performed late in the first decade of life before symptoms develop. Total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy, and ileo-anal anastomosis eliminated the risk of malignancy, preserved anal sphincter function by both clinical and manometric assessment, and was readily adapted to by these children.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients with cystic fibrosis.

We examined the effect of nutritional rehabilitation in cystic fibrosis patients with severe disease. Thirteen malnourished patients (seven males, six females, age 7-27 yr) were studied over 7-16 mo. Oral supplementation was attempted initially in 12 patients (mean duration 6.7 mo); only 2 patients gained weight, 2 withdrew, and 1 died. The remaining 7 patients failed to achieve adequate weight gain and were commenced on nasogastric supplementation with a semisynthetic formula. An additional patient was entered without a prior period of oral supplementation because of the severity of malnutrition. Weight gain was achieved in 7 of 8 patients with nasogastric supplementation (mean duration 6.4 mo). Weight gain was associated with an increase in lean body mass, total body fat, and height velocity. While pulmonary function and biochemical parameters were unchanged, patient well-being improved and episodes of pneumonia decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Acute and chronic models for hypersecretion of intestinal mucin.

Mucin secretion was examined in three functional models relevant to human disease, using rat small intestinal rings or in situ loops, [3H]glucosamine precursor labelling, gel chromatography and a specific radioimmunoassay for mucin. As a model for acute bacterial secretory diarrhoea, tissues were exposed to cholera toxin for up to 4 h. Both stored and newly synthesized radioactive glycoproteins were secreted in amounts twofold to threefold above control levels. Immunoreactive mucin secretion increased fivefold to eightfold. Other agents known to raise cAMP levels did not stimulate mucin secretion, suggesting that cholera may release mucin by a non-cAMP-dependent mechanism. Sepharose 2B chromatography indicated that secreted mucin was smaller in size than intracellular mucin and had compositional differences suggestive of 'immaturity' or protein contamination. In chronically (seven days) reserpinized rats, used as a model of glycoprotein abnormalities relevant to cystic fibrosis, mucin secretion increased twofold to threefold, but the most prominent abnormality was a marked increase in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into all tissue glycoproteins. On purification, the intracellular mucin of reserpine-treated rats had the same composition as mucin from control rats, but the former was smaller in size and had a higher specific radioactivity. Mucin hypersecretion in reserpinized rats may therefore be secondary to a primary and chronic hyperstimulation of mucin biosynthesis. A model of intestinal 'anaphylaxis' or immune-mediated diarrhoea was created in Hooded Lister rats by immunizing with egg albumin (10 micrograms) and challenging with the same antigen in intestinal loops 14 days later. After 4 h, total protein, DNA and brush border sucrase were increased in the lumen. Enhancement of mucin secretion did not occur, however, and therefore does not seem to be a particular feature of the pathophysiology of this model.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1982

Synthesis of cartilage matrix by mammalian chondrocytes in vitro. I. Isolation, culture characteristics, and morphology.

We describe the isolation and the ultrastructural characteristics of adult bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Slices of bovine articular cartilage undergo sequential digestions with pronase and collagenase in order to release cells. Chondrocytes are plated at high density (1 x 10(5) cells/cm2) in culture dishes or roller bottles with Ham's F-12 medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Before culture, chondrocytes are freed of surrounding territorial matrix. Within the first few days of culture they re-establish a territorial matrix. As time progresses, chondrocytes synthesize both territorial and extraterritorial matrices. The matrices are rich in collagen fibrils and ruthenium red-positive proteoglycans. These features are most apparent in mass roller cultures in which aggregates of cells and matrix appear as long streaks and nodules. This morphology reveals an organization of chondrocytes and their matrices that is similar to that of the parent articular cartilage in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Urine culture after treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women.

The follow-up urine culture for urinary tract infection (UTI) is widely recommended, but it is done relatively infrequently in everyday practice. We thought an investigation of its effectiveness was warranted. The study population consisted of 141 women with a culture-proven symptomatic lower UTI. Of these, 56.7% (80) had a follow-up culture and 43.3% (61) did not. The two groups were found to be comparable in important parameters of risk for urinary tract infection and its complications. The relative risk of a subsequent symptomatic UTI was 0.5 for women who did not obtain a follow-up urine culture (95% confidence interval = 0.2 to 1.5). The follow-up urine culture in asymptomatic, healthy women may be unjustified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Granulopoiesis in Shwachman's syndrome (pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow dysfunction).

Granulopoiesis was studied in 10 children with Shwachman's syndrome (chronic neutropenia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency). Marrow proliferative activity assessed by determination of mitotic indices and tritiated thymidine uptake into granulocytic cells was normal. Assay of bone marrow granulocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-C) in a methylcellulose tissue culture system demonstrated normal CFU-C numbers in four patients and reduced numbers in five. The granulocyte colonies formed were indistinguishable from normal colonies morphologically. Production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from patients' peripheral blood leukocytes appeared normal when tested on control marrow. No serum inhibitors against CFU-C or CSA could be demonstrated using both control and autologous marrow, and co-culture of patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes with control marrow did not inhibit CFU-C growth. We conclude that in Shwachman's syndrome committed granulocytic stem cells are present, and the numbers detected in vitro vary widely as does the clinical neutropenia. The proliferative activity of recognizable granulocytic cells is normal and neither a deficiency of humoral stimulators nor the presence of serum or cellular inhibitors of granulopoiesis can be demonstrated.

Adolescent↗