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Biomedical subjects

G G Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to G G Jackson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Use and withdrawal of amantadine chemoprophylaxis during epidemic influenza A.

A controlled investigation of chemoprophylaxis with amantadine hydrochloride during an epidemic of influenza A was performed in nonimmune students. Illness was significantly decreased and serologic evidence of infection reduced by treatment. During the post-treatment period, while influenza was still prevalent, an accelerated rate of infection occurred among persons previously protected by chemotherapy. When used, chemoprophylaxis should be continued until influenza is no longer prevalent or, preferably, should be combined with vaccine administration to ensure protection after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Viremia with herpes simplex type 1 in adults. Four nonfatal cases, one with features of chicken pox.

Recovery of herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 1 from the blood buffy coat of four adults is reported for the first time. All of the patients had vesicular stomatitis and facial vesicles; two also had either keratoconjunctivitis or disseminated skin lesions. The infection was not the primary one with HSV in any of them. Two of three patients who had renal failure were receiving immunosuppressive drugs; one patient was normal except for alcoholism and diabetes. None developed signs of visceral organ infection and all recovered within 2 to 4 weeks. The findings demonstrate the occurrence of heretofore unrecognized nonfatal HSV Type 1 viremia in both healthy and immunosuppressed leukocytes, can occur regardless of the presence of serum antibody, and may or may not be associated with the disseminated lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Increased virus shedding with aspirin treatment of rhinovirus infection.

In two double-blind trials, volunteers challenged with rhinovirus were treated with aspirin or placebo. Aspirin treatment did not alter the rates of infection or illness but was associated with a moderate reduction in the frequency or severity of some symptoms. The overall benefit in rhinovirus infection was not statistically significant. Aspirin treatment appeared to cause a highly significant increase in the rate of virus shedding in treated subjects. The increase in virus shedding must be considered an adverse event that could influence the course of the disease in the individual and increase the likelihood of the spread of the infection to contacts.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Diagnosis and importance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults.

There are now laboratory means of screening and identifying people who, although they are free from the signs of urinary tract infection, fit into abnormal groups owing to the high numbers of bacteria and leukocytes in their urine. Chronic bacteriuria and pathologic pyuria, with or without symptoms, have important physiologic and pathologic consequences. It is the physicians opportunity to recognize and treat these asymptomatic as well as symtomatic urinary tract infections. If untreated and uncorrected the result, with progressive frequency over a period of 10-15 years, is increased morbidity, especially with pregnancies, structural damage to the kidneys, kidney stones, uremia, hypertension, and premature death.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Assay of aminoglycoside antibiotics in clinical specimens.

Optimal therapeutic use of aminoglycoside antibiotics requires monitoring of levels in serum. Three methods have been developed for clinical use; one yields a specific 14C-labeled product, and two are microbiologic methods in which different indicator strains are used to measure the diffusion of drug into agar. These methods were compared in assays with 200 sera from patients receiving gentamicin or sisomicin. Some specimens also contained either a beta-lactam antibiotic or clindamycin. In the presence of penicillin or cephalosporin, the level of aminoglycoside measured was accurate if the specimens were treated with beta-lactamase. The presence of clindamycin invalidated the results when Bacillus subtilis was used as the indicator strain, but not with the other microbiologic method or the enzymatic method. Under proper circumstances, the results obtained by the various methods were comparable, according to statistical analysis. The enzymatic procedure is the most specific and rapid method, but materials for agar well diffusion methods are more readily available and more economical. The procedures are practical, and their use is recommended in patients being treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1975

Antibacterial activity of cinoxacin in vitro.

Cinoxacin is a new synthetic compound similar chemically and in antimicrobial activity to oxolonic acid and nalidixic acid. It is most effective against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, but at concentrations expected in the urine it is inhibitory for all species of Enterobacteriaceae. Relative to nalidixic acid, cinoxacin has slightly greater inhibitory and bactericidal activity, less inoculum effect probably due to less heterogeneity in the susceptibility of bacterial cells, and less inhibition by high concentrations of serum protein. Both drugs are more active in an acid than an alkaline medium. Glucose can specifically antagonize the inhibitory effect against P. mirabilis. In urine the bactericidal rate and effect are decreased. Resistance to cinoxacin can be developed quickly by serial transfers in vitro. Some nonresistant organisms remained viable in bactericidal drug concentrations. The in vivo importance of the favorable features of cinoxacin must be determined by clinical trials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1974

Double-blind comparison of cephacetrile with cephalothin-cephaloridine.

Under double-blind protocol, a controlled comparison was made between a new cephalosporin, cephacetrile, and cephalothin or cephaloridine. The patient's primary physician determined the indications for treatment, and the dosage was uniform for each route of administration. Infecting strains of staphylococci and Proteus mirabilis had a lower median inhibitory concentration for cephalothin than cephacetrile; the opposite was true for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. The average peak serum level 1 h after a dose of 2 g intravenously was 74.9 +/- 21 and 21.5 +/- 8.7 mug/ml for cephacetrile and cephalothin, respectively; 6 h after the dose, the respective levels were 12.4 +/- 4.3 and 3.7 +/- 0.9 mug/ml. Renal clearances were similar and the plasma clearance was proportional to the serum levels. In the urine, the concentration of cephacetrile was three times higher than that of cephalothin. Based on a percentage of therapeutic potential, success in the treatment of infections with susceptible organisms was 42 and 44% for the two different drug regimens. Initial bacterial resistance was found in about one-fifth of infections, and concomitant therapy with other drugs was practiced in one-half of the treatment courses. Intravenous use of cephacetrile was discontinued prematurely more often than was use of cephalothin, suggesting less tolerance. Although there was no overt toxicity, more than 75% of patients on either regimen had some form of unwanted response to treatment, the most common being superinfection. From this limited but controlled experience, cephacetrile can be considered comparable to cephalothin in antimicrobial treatment and overall side reactions.

Acetamides↗