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Biomedical subjects

G G Graham

Publications and source records attributed to G G Graham.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on drug metabolism.

The effects of chronic treatment with amitriptyline and nortriptyline on the elimination from plasma of warfarin, dicumarol, phenytoin, and tolbutamide were examined in man. No alteration of plasma half-life of warfarin, phenytoin, or tolbutamide was observed following dosage with the tricyclic antidepressants used. There was no consistent effect on the metabolism of dicumarol following treatment with amitriptyline or nortriptyline although the bioavailability of dicumarol appeared to be increased. In some subjects, this increased bioavailability was associated with significant prolongation of the plasma half-life of dicumarol due to its dose-dependent kinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The role of the liver in the clearance of l-dope from plasma.

The role of the liver in the plasma clearance of l-dopa in the rat was examined. Some published studies which ascribe an important role to the liver in l-dopa clearance are discussed and critically evaluated. Contrary evidence suggesting that the liver is not a significant site of l-dopa clearance in vivo is presented. The plasma concentration of l-dopa during intravenous infusion of the drug was not significantly reduced after a single passage through the liver. All of the data discussed are consistent with the conclusion that the liver plays a minor role in l-dopa clearance in vivo. It is suggested that the small intestine is the major site of metabolism of orally administered l-dopa.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Free catecholamine excretion in the urine in normal infants and in those with marasmus or kwashiorkor.

Free catecholamine (epinephrine + norepinephrine) excretions of normal male infants 2.1-3.2, 4.5-10.6, and 12.5-18.5 months of age, respectively, and of infants and children with marasmus or marasmic kwashiorkor were measured on three consecutive days after admission and after partial rehabilitation. In normal infants, particularly the older ones, the first day's excretion was higher than that of the next two days, probably in response to the stress of the procedures. There was an increase with age, but on a surface area basis, the differences were not significant, the three age groups excreting 15.1 plus or minus 10.2, 23.8 plus or minus 20.9, and 24.7 plus or minus 14.3 mug/m-2/day, respectively. Excretions of marasmic infants on admission were not significantly different from those of the control children. Higher mean values were due to elevated excretions of infants with severe infection. After partial rehabilitation, excretions were similar to those of control subjects. In children with marasmic kwashiorkor excretions were no different from those of control infants, except in severely infected children. Admission values revealed more day-to-day variation than recovery values or than those of normal and marasmic infants, in whom subject to subject variation was more marked.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Adrenal function in normal infants and in marasmus and kwashiorkor. Cortisol secretion, diurnal variation of plasma cortisol, and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticoids, free corticoids, and cortisol.

Normal infants exhibited circadian rhythmicity of plasma F concentration. Infants from 2.1 to 3.2 months of age had CSR significantly higher than those of older infants. THF/THE urinary excretion ratios increased with age. The 17OHCS excretion was higher in the younger infants. Urinary excretions of free corticoids and cortisol were similar in all age groups. In marasmus, plasma F concentrations in the morning and evening were significantly elevated. Normal diurnal variation returned following therapy. CSR and 17OHCS excretions were not different from age controls, but were significantly lower than size controls, THF/THE ratios, urinary excretion of free corticoids and cortisol were normal. In marasmic kwashiorkor, plasma F concentrations were significantly elevated in the morning and evening. There was a suggestive decrease with therapy. CSR was low before and after treatment. THF/THE ratios, urinary 17OHCS excretion, and urinary free corticoids and cortisol were not significantly different from infants matched for size or patients with marasmus.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

The effects of allopurinol and clofibrate on the elimination of coumarin anticoagulants in man.

The effects of chronic treatment with allopurinol and clofibrate on the elimination from plasma of warfarin and dicoumarol were examined in man. In addition, the binding of warfarin to human serum proteins was measured with and without clofibrate and its metabolite chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB), both present in therapeutic concentrations. Treatment with allopurinol and clofibrate did not alter the rate of elimination of warfarin from plasma. In addition, clofibrate and CPIB caused no significant displacement of warfarin from serum proteins. This evidence supports the conclusion that the clinically significant potentiation of warfarin activity by clofibrate in man is due to an interaction at the receptor site. In contrast, treatment with allopurinol resulted in significant prolongation of the plasma half-life of dicoumarol in one of three subjects. These data are consistent with inhibition of the metabolism of dicoumarol by allopurinol in some individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Antibody responses to a combination vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.

Forty-one children were studied in order to provide information on antibody responses to H. influenzae type b polyribophosphate (PRP), given in combination with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT). When PRP was administered alone, 9 of 15 children demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in titres of anti-PRP antibody. In contrast, in the group receiving a combination vaccine consisting of DPT and PRP only 1 of 13 children showed a similar rise in anti-PRP antibody. It was concluded that, in the population studied, the combination vaccine was less effective than PRP alone. The reasons for this difference and its potential significance are discussed.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1974

Detection of endotoxemia with the Limulus test: preliminary studies in severely malnourished children.

Eighteen Peruvian children with protein-calorie malnutrition were studied to evaluate the usefulness of the limulus assay for endotoxin in detecting gram-negative sepsis. Nine of the children had at least one positive Limulus assay, and eight of this group had bacteriologic cultures indicative of gram-negative infection. Four of these nine children with positive Limulus assays died, whereas only one of the nine children with negative assays died. This preliminary study suggests the usefulness of the Limulus assay as an adjunct to bacteriologic cultures in the early detection of significant gram-negative infection in severely malnourished children.

Bacteria↗