Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G G Graham

Publications and source records attributed to G G Graham.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Drug metabolism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1979

Chlorbutol toxicity and dependence.

A case of chlorbutol toxicity and dependence is presented. A very long elimination half-life (13.2 days) was found in the patient. The data suggest that chlorbutol is an unsuitable sedative to be available freely to the public.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nutritive value of elemental formula with reduced osmolality.

The osmolality of an elemental formula was reduced from 627 to 338 mOsm/kg H2O by replacing dextrose with corn syrup solids, reducing the content of casein hydrolysate, and replacing a portion of the medium-chain triglycerides with corn oil. In three convalescent malnourished infants, the protein quality of the formula was compared at isonitrogenous levels with that of a casein-sucrose-vegetable oil formula and was found to be at least as high: in all three nitrogen retention was higher than during a preceding casein period, and in one of the three it was also higher than during a following casein period. The levels of postprandial plasma amino acids suggested that threonine might be the first-limiting amino acid. Four severely malnourished infants received the formula as their only food during initial rehabilitation. The formula was well tolerated and supported satisfactory weight gain, linear growth, and serum protein regeneration.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Nutritive value of brown and black beans for infants and small children.

A precooked, instantized mixture of brown and black beans, with and without 0.3% DL-methione added, served as the only source of protein in the diets of 10 recovered malnourished infants and children 10 to 42 months of age. At 6.4 to 5.7% dietary protein calories stool wet weights were twice as high, apparent N absorption significantly lower (65.6 +/- 5.9 versus 87.5 +/- 2.3% of intake), and apparent N retention much lower (9.8 +/- 6.1 versus 34.5 +/- 10.2% of intake) than during preceding and following isocaloric and isonitrogenous casein-based diets. The addition of methionine resulted in minimal improvement in N retention and a highly suggestive increase in fasting plasma free methionine. Prolonged feeding of the methionine-enriched beans at 8.0 to 10.9% protein calories supported satisfactory growth and serum albumin levels in two of three children, not so in the smallest one, in whom repeated balance studies demonstrated no decrease over time in stool wet weight and on marginal improvement in N absorption and retention. The poor digestibility of the protein in these beans is the first-limiting factor in its utilization by infants and small children.

Caseins↗
PubMed1979

Growth standards for poor urban children in nutrition studies.

In order to estimate the importance of a variety of environmental and dietary factors as determinants of growth in a group of 123 poor Peruvian urban children between 2 and 19 years old, we found it necessary to express anthropometric measurements in units that were not age- or sex-dependent. Height quotient and weight quotient for each child were calculated from height and weight ages derived from the 50th percentile of the Boston reference data for the appropriate sex. Only 5% of the children had heights above the Boston 50th percentile (height quotient greater than 100) and 18% had weights above the 50th percentile (weight quotient greater than 100), but 88% had weights that were appropriate or excessive for height (weight/height quotient greater than or equal to 1.00). Some CATch-up" gains in relative height and weight were apparent in preschool children but more impressive gains in both linear and ponderal growth, relative to the Boston data, were evident between 8 and 13.5 years in girls and 10 and 17 years in boys. When the same quotients were calculated for a much larger sample from the same socioceonomic level it seemed likely that this last peak was due to earlier puberty and sexual maturation, and that quotients derived from the Boston data would have different meanings at different ages, making them inappropriate for further statistical analysis. New quotients for the study population, derived from the larger Peruvian group, did not have sex- or age-dependent trends. Racial and regional differences in patterns of growth must be taken into account in the interpretation of anthropometric and nutritional data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of an episode of severe malnutrition and age on lactose absorption by recovered infants and children.

The degree of which the ability to absorb lactose can be regained after recovery from an acute episode of severe malnutrition is in doubt. Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode. All were studied just before discharge after several months of hospital rehabilitation, during which linear growth and weight gain had accelerated and signs of significant malabsorption of other nutrients had disappeared. Only 39% of the total group had a positive test (delta blood glucose greater than 25 mg/dl); there was a decreasing proportion of positive responders with increasing age. No difference in response attributable to type or severity of malnutrition was found. Comparison of the present data with previous data from children in the same community who had never been acutely malnourished suggests that acute malnutrition may hasten the permanent decline of lactase activity normally expected later in life.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Transient steatorrhea following episodes of mild diarrhea in early infancy.

Fecal fat excretion was studied after a mild episode of diarrhea in eight infants for whom adequate control data were available. Mean age of onset of diarrhea was 28 days. Duration of the episode, defined as the number of days until the infant was again feeding and libitum, averaged 5.1 days. Balance studies were carried out 3 to 13 days later. Mean fecal fat excretion rose from a prediarrhea value of 2.9 +/- 1.4 gm/day to 8.7 +/- 3.1 gm/day following diarrhea (P less than 0.001). Restudy of five infants one month later showed persistent steatorrhea in one. Mild transient steatorrhea may follow mild diarrhea in infancy and should be considered in infants who are slow to gain weight subsequent to an episode of diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oral iron absorption in infantile protein-energy malnutrition.

The ability of infants with protein-energy malnutrition to absorb iron was assessed using the serum iron response to a dose of ferrous sulfate providing 3 mg elemental iron per kg body weight. Responses were grouped as flat (delta serum Fe less than 30 microgram/dl), intermediate (30 to 100 microgram/dl), and normal (greater the 100 microgram/dl). Of 25 consecutively admitted children studied, seven had a flat, five an intermediate, and 13 a normal curve (mean delta serum Fe: 10 microgram/dl, 66 microgram/dl, and 175 microgram/dl, respectively). There were no differences among the three groups in hematocrit, fasting serum iron or transferrin saturation, severity of malnutrition, or evidence of other malabsorption sufficient to explain these differences. Although hematocrits, fasting serum iron, and transferrin saturations did not change appreciably during nutritional rehabilitation, all children with initially abnormal responses subsequently had normal tests.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

[Tolerance and digestibility of Peruvian "common foods" in malnourished infants].

Six diets were prepared based on commonly used Peruvian foods, mainly of vegetable origin, which were offered to eight infants (mean age: 12.8 +/- 8.2 months) recovering from malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, tolerance and digestibility of the diets in question. Five were prepared with a potato and wheat base (noodle) and the sixth with a quinua-oats base. The acceptability and tolerance was satisfacotry, allowing maintenance of an adequate calorie and protein intake in all patients except one. On the quinua-oats based diet, the mean apparent absorption of nitrogen and fat was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in the case of the other diets. The increase in height coefficient (height age/chronological age X 100) and weight/age proved to be adequate during the study, except in the three youngest patients. The authors consider that this type of diets (potato-wheat based) can be recommended for infant feeding after the first year of life, and that the quinua-oats based diet still needs a more thorough evaluation prior to recommending its use.

Body Weight↗