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Biomedical subjects

G Friman

Publications and source records attributed to G Friman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Biochemical responses of the myocardium and red skeletal muscle to Salmonella typhimurium infection in the rat.

Previous studies with bacterial infections have demonstrated a reduced exercise capacity and equally pronounced catabolic responses in red and white skeletal muscle. In the present study, red skeletal muscle and heart ventricular muscle were compared in a S. typhimurium model in rats. Two days before median lethality was achieved, the activities of one oxidative (cytochrome c oxidase), one glycolytic (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and one lysosomal (beta-glucuronidase) enzyme were determined in the two tissues. The contents of protein, RNA and DNA were also determined. The oxidative and glycolytic capacity decreased 24-29% in red skeletal muscle but only 7-20% in the myocardium. However, the decrease in oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle and myocardium was statistically correlated. The protein synthetic capacity (RNA) also decreased and was correlated to the protein concentration in both tissues. This metabolic impairment of both skeletal and heart muscle probably contributes to the deterioration of the physical performance capacity previously observed to follow acute infectious diseases. This study emphasizes the importance of the choice of reference, such as 'wet' weight, DNA or the entire organ, when evaluating metabolic results in biologic tissues and that biochemical alterations in skeletal muscle biopsies in bacterial infections do not reflect alterations in myocardium reliably.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Great interindividual insulin dependent variation in ketone body metabolism in human infection.

In an effort to study whether previous data obtained from animal studies showing decreased blood ketone body concentration and suggesting a shut-off of ketone body production in acute infection are valid also for man, 14 previously healthy patients, suffering from pyelonephritis, pneumonia, serous meningitis or upper respiratory tract infection were investigated. There were great interindividual differences in the ketone body response, which seems to be insulin dependent. The results indicate that in man there is probably no general inhibition of ketone body production in the liver in acute infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effects of strenuous exercise on infection with Francisella tularensis in rats.

To investigate the effects of strenuous forced exercise on the course and complications of a bacterial infection and on myocardial responses and performance capacity, rats with tularemia (characterized by pyogranulomatous hepatic and splenic lesions) were exercised by swimming on days 0-6 of infection. Levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases in plasma, densities of pyogranulomatous lesions, and bacterial counts in blood, liver, and spleen were similar in exercising and resting rats. Although a few exercising rats showed an unusual dissemination of infection, the antibody responses were similar in rest and exercise. Plasma concentrations of beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and alpha 2-macrofetoprotein were higher with exercise, a result that indicated that more vigorous stress responses were elicited with exercise than with infection alone. Physical performance capacity was reduced by the infection, but forced daily exercise limited this reduction substantially and counteracted the myocardial protein-degrading effects of infection. Thus, exercise evoked normal training responses even during this generalized infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Orthostatic reactions and blood volumes after moderate physical activation during acute febrile infections.

In 18 patients suffering from viral, mycoplasma or bacterial infections, orthostatic reaction and total haemoglobin were measured after termination of fever and 1 and 3 months thereafter. The results of the 3 months control were considered to represent the individual's normal values. The patients were randomized into two groups, one of which was subjected to a physical activity programme when febrile and the other, serving as control group, was confined to bed according to traditional clinical routine. The orthostatic reaction was measured as the mean heart rate during 10 min tilting on a tilt table. Plasma and red cell volumes were calculated from total haemoglobin, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte volume fraction. After fever heart rate during tilt was, in both groups, significantly higher than at the 3 months control but it was lower in the trained group (86 +/- 4 beats/min) than in the control group (100 +/- 3 beats/min) (P less than 0.05). Plasma volume and red cell volume being both numerically reduced in our patients after fever, showed a significant increase 3 months after illness only in the untrained control group. The results suggests that physical activity during acute febrile infections prevents the illness/bed rest-induced orthostatic deterioration and blood volume reduction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and fibre composition in viral, mycoplasma and bacterial infections in young and old men.

The activities of LD isozymes were studied by thermoinactivation in skeletal muscle biopsies from young and old patients suffering from viral, mycoplasma or bacterial infections and from corresponding controls. The activities of LD2-5 decreased 35-45% and that of LD1 17-29% in the muscle of the patients compared to that of the controls. There were no differences between age groups. In the controls good correlations were demonstrated between the relative activities of the LD isozymes and the muscle fibre composition, but such correlations could not be found in the patients. This indicates that the decrease of the activity of muscle LD in these infections is not associated with alterations in any specific muscle fibre type but rather with an effect of a general reduction of the LD activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Serum antibodies reactant with Korean haemorrhagic fever agent in Scandinavian epidemic (endemic) nephropathy (nephropathia epidemica) demonstrated by immunofluorescence utilizing an in vitro antigen source.

A newly developed spot slide immunofluorescence method utilizing an in vitro antigen source was used for the first time for the assay of antibodies reactant with the Korean haemorrhagic fever (KHF) agent in sera from patients diagnosed with Scandinavian epidemic (endemic) nephropathy (nephropathia epidemica, NE) and from age-matched control patients living in the same area as the NE patients but suffering from other diseases. KHF antibodies were demonstrated in all of 14 NE patients who were followed prospectively, 7 of whom exhibited seroconversion and in 6 of 8 NE patients studied retrospectively, but in only one of 42 controls. Antibodies in NE appeared within the first week of onset of symptoms and persisted for long periods of time as seen in KHF. The time from the onset of the illness until maximum antibody titre was recorded varied from 9 days to 1 month. On an average, the level of the antibody titres measured in NE was lower than that usually encountered in the Korean disease. The results indicate a close antigenic relationship between the KHF and NE agents and demonstrate that the reliability of our new spot slide method is similar to that of another previously reported and more laborious immunofluorescence method using lung from infected rodents as antigen source.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Heart volume determination. A methodologic analysis.

A method, already in clinical use, of determining the total volume of the heart in patients in the supine position was evaluated. The reproducibility in the measurement of individual diameters and distances was good. A minor difference was noted between the results of 2 different examiners. A discrepancy in the total heart volume of 30 ml or more between 2 determinations was statistically significant, which may be a guide in the assessment of volume determinations in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of clinical bed rest for seven days on physical performance.

Twenty-two healthy men were confined to bed in a hospital ward (clinical bed rest) for one week. Variables related to physical fitness were measured before and immediately after the bed rest period, as well as one and three months thereafter. As a result of bed rest, maximal oxygen uptake, W170 and total Hb decreased to 94%, and calculated blood volume to 93% of the initial value. Hb concentration and Hct were unaltered. Thus, red cell and plasma volumes were proportionately reduced. No significant orthostatic dysfunction developed. The blood lactate peak at maximum work remained unchanged (14.0 mM/l). The resting exertion of noradrenaline decreased moderately during the bed rest period, whilst that of adrenaline was unchanged. Body weight decreased by a mean of 0.7 kg.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radioimmunoassays of human myoglobin in serum and urine.

Two solid-phase radioimmunoassays have been developed for the detection of myoglobin in serum and urine. The sensitivity of the methods is 0.1 and 0.5 microgram/l, respectively, with a coefficient of variation of the respective method of 7-8%. The mean serum concentration of myoglobin in ninety-nine healthy blood donors was 44.3 microgram/l +/- 18.0 microgram/l (SD) with a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between men (50.6 +/- 19.8) and women (35.7 +/- 10.4). Serum myoglobin was positively correlated to age (P less than 0.05), body weight (P less than 0.02), serum creatine kinase (P less than 0.001), and serum creatinine (P less than 0.001) to galactose elimination rate. Serum myoglobin levels were not influenced by exhaustive short time dynamic exercise. The mean urinary excretion of myoglobin in twenty-four healthy students was 1.2 microgram/24 h (range 0.1-4 microgram/24 h). Myoglobin excretion was correlated to excretion of beta 2-microglobulin (P less than 0.02) but not to serum levels of myoglobin. No indications of circulating antibodies to myoglobin were obtained when assaying sixty-seven rheumatoid arthritis and thirteen myastenia gravis sera. Presence of other myoglobin binding substances in serum, which would interfere with the assays also seemed unlikely. Determination of myoglobin in serum by sensitive and specific method might be of clinical value in the diagnosis of diseases involving muscle tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of acute infectious disease on human isometric muscle endurance.

Capacity for isometric endurance work of different muscle groups was recorded in 32 male patients suffering a variety of acute infectious diseases, predominantly of viral or mycoplasmal aetiology. Recordings were performed after abatement of fever, and 1, and 4 months thereafter. Control measurements took place 1 year later. As a result of the illness the subjects' endurance capacity was reduced to 82.5-86.9% of the control values. Complete recovery was attained later than 4 months after the acute disease. In 21 healthy male control subjects confined to bed for the same period of time as the patients no reduction of endurance capacity was observed as a result of bed rest. The illness induced and long-lasting impairment of static endurance after acute febrile infections might be resated to observations in similar patients of reduced activity in muscle tissue of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase being a key enzyme in glycolysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Effect of acute infectious disease on isometric muscle strength.

Isometric strength of different muscle groups was recorded in thiryty-nine patients suffering various acute infectious diseases, predominantly of viral or mycoplasma aetiology. Recordings were performed after subsidence of fever, and 1, and 4 months thereafter. A control group of twenty-two healthy men, confined to bed for the same period of time as the patients, were investigated at the same time intervals. In addition, control measurements were performed after 1 year in the patients, prior to bed rest in the control subjects. As a result of illness muscle strength was decreased significantly to 85.4-95.3% of that recorded at 4 months. In the control subjects strength did not change significantly, the corresponding percentages being 96.3-102.5. Thus, the present data indicate that these illnesses in themselves may bring about isometric muscle strength reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Distubed neuromuscular transmission in viral infections.

14 subjects with influenza or echovirus infection, all suffering myalgia, and 9 subjects with mumps, in whom this symptom was lacking, were investigated with single fibre electromyography (EMG) in the acute phase and during convalescence to reveal a possible disturbance in neuromuscular transmission. In both groups about the same percentage of the potential pairs studied showed abnormal transmission characteristics in the acute phase. Two weeks after the acute infection, this percentage had decreased significantly in the group with myalgia, whilst in the non-myalgia group it was still at the same level. However, on both occasions of investigation and in both groups the percentages were substantially greater than those recorded in healthy individuals. This study demonstrates that acute febrile infections may adversely affect neuromuscular transmission in previously healthy human subjects. The effects observed might offer an explanation to the accentuated muscular weakness in association with infections in patients with an already low safety margion of neuromuscular transmission, e.g. in myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗