Biomedical subjects
G Fried
Publications and source records attributed to G Fried.
Subcellular fractionation of cat submandibular gland: comparative studies on the distribution of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).
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Noradrenaline content correlated to matrix density in small noradrenergic vesicles from rat seminal ducts.
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Perforated peptic ulcer in the elderly.
From 1973 through 1979, 32 patients over 60 years of age were admitted to the Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, because of a perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer. In many of them, the symptoms and physical findings were minimal. In abdominal roentgenograms (subject erect or supine), only 17 (60 percent) of these patients showed free intraperitoneal air. Among the 29 surgically treated patients, plication of the ulcer was performed in 28 and hemigastrectomy-vagotomy in one. The postoperative morbidity rate was 62 percent, and the mortality rate 17 percent. In 3 of the 32 patients, the diagnosis of perforated ulcer was established only at autopsy. Thus, failure to diagnose this condition accurately may be the principal cause of death in elderly patients with a perforated peptic ulcer. The increased use is recommended of contrast roentgenograms of the stomach and duodenum and of endoscopy, in an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy in dealing with perforated peptic ulcers.
Noradrenaline release and uptake in isolated small dense cored vesicles from rat seminal ducts.
Noradrenaline (NA) release and uptake was investigated in an improved preparation of isolated small dense cored vesicles from rat seminal ducts. The vesicle preparation exhibited an Mg2+-ATP-dependent uptake of NA. Half maximal uptake after 20 min was seen at 22 muM. Exchangeability of NA between medium and vesicles was 100%. The kinetics of exchange suggested that mos NA is stored in a single pool. The t1/2 for release of NA was 43 min in the presence of Mg2+-ATP, as compared to 15 min in the absence of Mg2+-ATP. Addition of reserpine (20 muM) did not significantly alter the NA release. The kinetic properties of this preparation was compared to those of earlier reported noradrenergic vesicle preparations from different tissues.
Injury to hepatic artery and portal vein; suggested management.
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Surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon.
A retrospective review of 1353 cases of acute perforated sigmoid diverticulitis treated surgically demonstrates that those operations that resect or exteriorize the perforated segment at the first operation are associated with a lower operative mortality rate than procedures that fail to remove the perforated segment at the initial operation. These results are true for both diffuse peritonitis and localized abscess.
Subcellular distribution of adenylate cyclase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat and guinea-pig deferens.
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Small noradrenergic storage vesicles isolated from rat vas deferens--biochemical and morphological characterization.
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Cytochrome b-561 in sympathetic nerve terminal vesicles from rat vas deferens.
The spectral properties of sympathetic nerve vesicles isolated from the vas deferens of the rat are similar to those of the bovine chromaffin granule membranes and bovine nerve trunk vesicles, indicating the presence of the specific cytochrome b-561. The cytochrome occurs only in the fractions containing nerve vesicles, thus suggesting usefulness as a marker enzyme.
Improved isolation of small noradrenergic vesicles from rat seminal ducts following castration. A density gradient centrifugation and morphological study.
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Management of extremity with combined neurovascular and musculoskeletal trauma.
Twenty-five civilians with combined neurovascular and musculo-skeletal trauma to 27 extremities were studied retrospectively. The mechanism of injury was crushing in 16, avulstion in six, and penetrating in three. Autogenous saphenous vein was used to restore arterial circulation in the majority. Nine patients had concurrent repair of venous injuries. Fractures were immobilized by a variety of techniques, the Hoffman external skeletal fixation being preferred. Immediate fasciotomy was performed in five patients and delayed fasciotomy in four. All patients had soft-tissue debridement and initial wound closure with split-skin grafts as biologic dressings. Three immediate amputations were the result of irreversible neurovascular and soft-tissue trauma. Sepsis played a role in three late amputations; delayed primary treatment,, irreversible neurologic injuries and extensive soft-tissue damage contributed. A carefully individualized multidisciplinary approach resulted in salvage of 20 of 27 severely injured extremities.
An attempt to estimate the in vivo concentrations of noradrenaline and ATP in sympathetic large dense core nerve vesicles.
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Nitric oxide donors mediate vasodilation in human placental arteries partly through a direct effect on potassium channels.
We have investigated the involvement of potassium channels in the NO-induced relaxation of small ET-1 precontracted arteries from placentas of normal pregnancies in the presence of the potassium channel modulating agents charybdotoxin, 4-AP, glibenclamide, TEA and the blocker of soluble guanylyl cyclase, ODQ, respectively. We have studied the effect of the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in vessels precontracted by different concentrations of potassium and we have also investigated the presence of BK(Ca) channels in placental arteries by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Our results show that charybdotoxin, an inhibitor of large- and intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels, inhibits relaxation in placental arteries. In presence of both charybdotoxin and ODQ, the inhibition of relaxation was significantly stronger, which indicates that NO-induced relaxation of human placental arteries is partly mediated through cGMP, and partly through a direct effect on potassium channels of the BK(Ca) type. The NO-donor SNAP preferentially relaxes contractions induced by 75 mM K(+) as compared to 100 mM K(+). This effect profile is a unique feature of drugs acting by K(+) channel opening. The immunohistochemistry shows that BK(Ca) channels are located both in smooth muscle and in endothelium in placental arteries.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in patients with bilateral breast cancer.
Bilateral breast cancer is traditionally considered an indirect indicator of inherited predisposition to cancer. To appreciate the contribution of genetic determinants to bilateral breast cancer in Jewish women we genotyped 55 such women for the three predominant mutations in BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and BRCA2 (6174delT) that account for the overwhelming majority of BRCA mutations in high-risk Jewish families. Among women with bilateral breast cancer, 17 mutation carriers (17/55; 29.6%) were identified. Individual mutation frequencies were 18.5% (10/55) for 185delAG, 3.7% (2/55) for 5382insC and 7.4% (5/55) for 6174delT. Carrier rate was significantly higher (P < 0.0016) in women with bilateral breast cancer whose first tumour was diagnosed at or before 42 years of age (82%; 14/17) than in women diagnosed after 42 years of age (7.9%; 3/38). Among patients with bilateral breast cancer and positive family history 45% (14/31) carried a BRCA mutation. Of these 86% (12/14) had one breast cancer diagnosed at or before 42 years of age. Our results suggest that bilateral breast cancer per se, in most cases, does not reflect genetic predisposition, unless associated with early age of onset (first tumour diagnosed at or before 42 years of age). Although the relationship between young age and carrier state in women with bilateral breast cancer is strong, no significant association between family history and carrier state was found. We can thus speculate that women with early onset breast cancer who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are prone to acquire a second breast tumour.
Annular lipoma of the mesentery as an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction.
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