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Biomedical subjects

G Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to G Fournier.

187 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Beta-lactamases of ampicillin-resistant Salmonella].

One hundred and five strains of Salmonella, including 103 clinical isolates, were examined for resistance to beta-lactams (ampicillin, carbenicillin). The resistance frequency was 5.9 and 40.6%, respectively, according to the geographical source: France or Senegal. The mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was always related to the biosynthesis of one constitutive beta-lactamase (beta la+). By analytical isoelectric focusing on gel of all crude sonic extracts, four types of enzymes were identified: TEM-1, TEM-2, OXA-1 and SHV -1. TEM-1, the most prevalent, was observed among 17 serotypes, TEM-2 among 3 including S. poona , and OXA-1 among 2 serotypes. SHV -1 was detected in all isolates of S. ordonez (38) but only among strains of this serotype. Among others factors involved in their distribution, differences were reported according to the geographical origin of the studied strains. In France, the three types, TEM-1, TEM-2 and OXA-1, were isolated only in the north. Moreover, the resistance frequency was 4-fold higher (7.3%) than in the south (1.8%). In Africa (Senegal), three types were individualized: TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV -1. The SHV -1 type was only detected in clinical isolates of S. ordonez from Senegal, all of which were multi-resistant to other antibiotics (chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines).

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vitreous substitute. Experimental studies and review.

We studied a synthetic hydrogel, PHEA [poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)], experimentally. The material is transparent, autoclavable , highly viscous, nonabsorbable, easily injectable, cohesive, and does not fragment on passage through small-gauge needles. Results in animal studies revealed that injection of PHEA into the vitreous cavity promoted inflammatory changes such as vitreous haziness , membrane formation, and chorioretinal atrophy. Histopathologic studies showed extensive retinal disorganization, chorioretinal scarring, and vitritis . We reviewed the literature and concluded that an ideal vitreous substitute for long-term use in complex cases of retinal detachment is not available at this time.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The physician and primary health cares (author's transl)].

For many years in developing countries, rural or sub-urban populations are trying to set up some structures, through community effort, capable to provide to them elementary but indispensable health cares. Because of its fundamental commitment, medical and Public Health staff must participate to the improvement of such structures which are out of the local government health facilities, but have to be integrated in the National Health Plan. Therefore, simple but effective and locally adapted technology has to be set up. The physician must go beyond his conventional technical responsibility, and must supervise and stimulate the village health teams composed essentially of first-aid and sanitation workers and rural matrons, all of them selected by the concerned communities themselves.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological surveillance and obstetrical dystocias surgery in Senegal].

Maternal morbidity and mortality remain major problems of public health in developing countries. Having long been neglected, maternal health is now being included among the priorities of a large number of countries. The rate of maternal mortality in Senegal is 850 per 100,000 live births, among the highest in the world. The main causes of maternal mortality in Africa are obstructed labour and uterine rupture, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, puerperal infection and haemorrhage. An epidemiological survey of obstetric disorders was initiated in 1992 in Senegal to characterise the requirements for surgical coverage during pregnancy and delivery. In 1992, the national rate of caesarean section was low (0.66% of estimated births). However, rates differed greatly between regions, and between rural and urban areas. The indications for caesarean section were classified into three groups, each corresponding to a different public health issue. The rate of maternal mortality associated with surgery was high: 4.7%, of which 29% during surgery and 71% post op. Perinatal prognosis was also poor, with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. There are only 18 reference obstetrics units functioning, and they give a very uneven coverage of the country. These finding have led to new guidelines to improve the quality and cover of maternal care over the coming years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The value of antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Apropos of 61 cases].

In order to define the value of antibiotic prophylaxis, we conducted a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 61 patients undergoing transurethral resection (TUR) of a bladder lesion suspected to be neoplastic. 32 patients received a single dose of 800 mg of pefloxacin at the time of anaesthetic induction and 29 patients received placebo. All patients had sterile preoperative urine and none had received any antibiotics during the fortnight preceding the operation. 3 patients in the pefloxacin group (9.4%) developed postoperative bacteriuria versus 7 in the placebo group (24.1%) (no statistically significant difference). No patient developed symptomatic urinary tract infection. We conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated during TUR for bladder tumours.

Aged↗