The authors describe the clinical and radiographic findings of posterior dislocation of the shoulder by examining 19 cases observed at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute between 1981 and 1990; of the total number of cases, 16 were acute and 3 inveterate, equal to 1.7%. After analyzing the pathogenesis of the lesion, which was due to direct trauma, indirect trauma, or which occurred during an episode of convulsions, the authors call attention to the rareness of the lesion, and consequently the little amount of knowledge of the clinical and radiographic elements characterizing it. Three varieties are distinguished: subacromial (or retroglenoid), subglenoid, and subspinous. Finally, the results obtained with non-surgical treatment, which always allows for recovery of the joint relationships and complete functional recovery, are reported.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Arthroplasty in the sequelae of congenital hip dysplasia.

The authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of the sequelae of congenital hip dysplasia, more specifically, 125 arthroplasties performed in 116 patients, with specific reference to the technical difficulties encountered and the various surgical methods used. This review suggests that prosthetization yields a high percentage of good results (77%) and constant remission of pain. Nonetheless, joint function, particularly when motion was severely compromised before surgery, or when dislocation was very severe (Crowe grades III and IV), is not always restored.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The anchor nail in osteosynthesis of fractures of the humerus.

Osteosynthesis with a humeral anchor nail may be listed along with other methods of intramedullary fixation for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures. The authors report their experience with 33 cases of humeral fractures treated between July 1987 and July 1991. Results were excellent in 61% of the cases, good in 24%, and fair in 15%; no particular complications were reported. The authors believe that the anchor nail constitutes a system of osteosynthesis involving only a small amount of trauma, and allowing for positive elastic stability for the consolidation of the fracture, as well as being a sufficiently safe system so that immobilization in plaster may be avoided. When compared with other systems of intramedullary fixation, the anchor nail is more effective than the Rush nail from a mechanical point of view, and the Kuntscher nail from a biological one.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of several immunological parameters in patients with aseptic loosening of hip arthroplasty.

The authors evaluated several immunological parameters in patients with loosened hip arthroplasty in order to determine the state of sensitization with regard to the metallic constituents of the prosthesis. The results obtained by in vivo epicutaneous testing did not reveal a correlation between loosening and sensitization, as the patch test was positive in only 1 out of 16 cases examined. An evaluation of the lymphocyte subpopulation on peripheral blood demonstrated that patients with prostheses in Cr, Co, Mo, Ni alloy present significant lymphopenia, with a reduction in subpopulations CD4 and CD8 and a decrease in in vitro cytotoxic activity. The meaning of these modifications could be interpreted to be either a toxic effect products released from the implant, or as the recruitment of lymphocytes in the site of loosening, due to lymphocyte sequestration phenomena consequent to a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior recurrent dislocation of shoulder treated by the Latarjet technique: our experience.

Transposition of the coracoid process in the preglenoid site according to the Latarjet method in 15 cases of anterior recurrent dislocation of shoulder is reported. Indications, surgical stages, and results are discussed with emphasis on the simplicity of surgery followed by nearly complete functional recovery and rapid resumption of professional and sports activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of total knee prostheses.

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Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral osteotomy in the treatment of adult dysplastic hip.

The authors define the current role of femoral osteotomy in the treatment of the sequelae of congenital hip dysplasia (CHD) in the adult in light of the increasing orientation towards prosthetization. They report a personal philosophy on the subject after analyzing the criteria on which are based indications for osteotomy, the various types of osteotomy, the influence of osteotomy on other skeletal regions, the problems of prosthetization on osteotomy, and expectations concerning of the quality of the life of the patients submitted to osteotomy.

Adult↗