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Biomedical subjects

G Faure

Publications and source records attributed to G Faure.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Catabolism of glycine used in lavage solutions in urologic surgery. Apropos of a prospective study of 20 patients undergoing endourethral resection of the prostate].

A prospective study was carried out on 20 patients admitted for transurethral prostatic resection, measuring renal function, body hydratation and levels of glycine metabolic products. This study has shown that only the haematocrit measurement during surgery allowed the early and reliable recognition of resorption of the solution. High glycine levels after resorption were reduced by increasing urinary excretion of glycine, serine, creatinine and to a lesser extent, threonine. The increased production of oxalate, another elimination pathway, leads to a urinary saturation with consequent risk of lithogenesis. Furthermore, this hyperoxaluria may cause an intersticial nephropathy as do the other secondary hyperoxalurias, including Crohn's disease, bowel by-pass or xylitol intoxication.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

The interaction of neurotoxin derivatives with either acetylcholine receptor or a monoclonal antibody. An electron-spin-resonance study.

Five derivatives of Naja nigricollis toxin alpha, spin-labeled on a single amino group, were prepared. The toxin derivatives were purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange and high-pressure liquid chromatographies. The modified amino groups are localized at residue 1 and lysines 15, 27, 47 and 51. Competition data show that incorporation of spin label at residues 27 or 47 reduces the affinity of the toxin for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChR), while incorporation at residues 1 or 15 diminishes toxin affinity for a monoclonal toxin-specific immunoglobulin (M alpha 1). Classical and/or saturation transfer electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis was carried out on each derivative, either in the free state or bound to AcChR or M alpha 1. The data obtained give the following indications. In the free state, the nitroxides incorporated at residues 1, 15, 47 and 51 have their own rapid motion, while that at residue 27 had no residual mobility and reflects the toxin rotation. Binding of AcChR to the toxin reduces the motion of the nitroxide bound to Lys47. Binding of M alpha 1 to the toxin immobilizes the two nitroxides fixed on residues 1 and 15. ESR spectra show that Lys27-bound nitroxide remains immobilized upon binding of either AcChR or M alpha 1. The change in nitroxide immobilization observed upon AcChR or M alpha 1 binding correlates well with the variation of nitroxide accessibility to a water-soluble paramagnetic N2+i ion. Binding of the labeled Lys47 toxin derivative to AcChR yields a complex ESR signal, disclosing the existence of a physical difference between the two toxin binding sites on AcChR. All the data indicate that AcChR and M alpha 1 bind at two topographically distinct sites on the toxin surface.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Thymulin (FTS-Zn) induced in vitro modulation of T cell subsets markers on lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Perturbations in T cells and T cell subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes were looked for, using monoclonal antibodies, in nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). All SLE patients were in an acute phase of their disease, but had not yet received steroids. Seven of the nine RA patients presented an active illness, recently diagnosed in five cases, and received no steroids nor D-penicillamin. T cell subsets alterations responsible for abnormal values of the OKT4 +/OKT8 + immunoregulatory ratio, were improved by in vitro incubation of the lymphocytes with synthetic thymulin in eight out of nine RA patients. No significant modification occured for SLE patients' lymphocytes. These results support the possible beneficial role of thymulin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

IgA nephropathy: dimeric IgA-secreting cells are present in episcleral infiltrate.

Recent publications have reported a frequent association between IgA nephropathy and episcleritis. In this article, the authors report on the immunohistologic study of an episcleral biopsy obtained in a female patient with Berger's disease and frequent episodes of episcleritis. Numerous dimeric-IgA-secreting cells were demonstrated in the episcleral inflammatory infiltrate. It also should be mentioned that microhematuria often occurred within a few days after the beginning of episcleritis in this patient. These results suggest the participation of ocular mucosal immunity in some cases of IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man: in vitro activity of FTS-Zn on T-cell markers and functions.

Thymulin (FTS-Zn) is a synthetic metallo-nonapeptide similar to the serum factor of thymic origin FTS, which induces the maturation of lymphoid cells. The activity of this compound on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 bone marrow recipients was studied in vitro. It was demonstrated that thymulin was able to induce or modulate the expression of T-cell membrane markers, to enhance the proliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens or allogeneic cells, and to increase mononuclear cells' natural killer activity. This in vitro responsiveness was contemporary to a transient decrease of FTS levels in the patients' serum, documented by sequential assays. These results suggest that thymulin could be of interest as a prophylactic therapy to speed up the immunological reconstitution of bone marrow recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Human articular cartilage and fibrocartilage: a study with high-angle x-ray diffraction.

High-angle x-ray diffraction was applied to the study of four meniscal fibrocartilages and 11 articular cartilages from patients suffering from various articular disorders. In eight samples microcrystals were seen, apatite most frequently, CaHPO4 in two instances, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in one. These results confirm the association of various crystals in a single joint, and favour their heterogenous partition on collagen fibres.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mucosal immunity.

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Glomerulonephritis, IGA↗
PubMed1984

Behaviour of thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease in nude mice.

Thyroid tissue from five patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease was transplanted into nu/nu mice (2 to 4 mice per thyroid) in order to assess whether the tissues would remain hyperfunctional. Before surgery, the patients received only propranolol and iodine for ten days. Transplants were removed from the mice after 10, 20, 30 or 57 days, and compared to the initial tissue, as well as toxic nodules from two patients and thyroid tissue from two normal subjects grafted similarly. All transplants survived, as proven by histology and autohistoradiography with 131I uptake, while all signs of hyperfunction and dysimmunity disappeared. Conversely, both transplanted toxic nodules remained hyperfunctional. These results indicate that, in spite of the in situ presence of most factors of auto-immune reactions, thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease is not autonomous and depends on the extra-thyroid environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Controlled study of the effects of Pygeum africanum extract on the functional symptoms of prostatic adenoma].

Two random groups of sixty patients each were given an extract of pygeum africanum in one group, and a placebo in the other. The results highlight the placebo effect (50 per cent of cases), and that the extract provided an overall improvement in the functional symptoms. The differences between the two treatments were statistically significant for nocturnal frequency, difficulty in starting micturition, and incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

On the molecular mechanisms of neutralization of a cobra neurotoxin by specific antibodies.

Examination of 76 homologous neurotoxin sequences suggested that the "toxic" domain of these compounds consists of twelve highly conserved residues. Five of these, namely Lys-27, Trp-29, Asp-31, Arg-33 and Glu-38, together with a variant residue at position 36 are organized into a pattern which resembles that of d-tubocurarine. Two lines of experimental evidence are in agreement with the proposed topology of the "toxic" site in Naja nigricollis toxin alpha--Three highly conserved residues (Lys-27, Trp-29 and Lys-47) have been modified individually in toxin alpha. These modifications induce a decrease in binding affinity of toxin alpha for its target, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In contrast, modifications of three residues (Leu-1, Lys-15 and Lys-51) excluded from the "toxic" domain, do not alter the binding properties of toxin alpha.--Five toxin derivatives carrying a nitroxide group at residues 1, 15, 27, 47 or 51 have been prepared. ESR spectra have been recorded for each derivative in both the free state and bound to the receptor. Mobility of the probes of the residues excluded from the "toxic" site is not altered upon receptor binding. In contrast mobility of the nitroxide of the presumed "toxic" Lys-47 becomes markedly reduced after toxin receptor complex formation. Lys-27 nitroxide is immobilized in both the free and bound state. The antigenic structure of N. nigricollis toxin alpha has been partially clarified using two different approaches. --Fifteen antigenically important residues of toxin alpha have been identified by analyzing cross-reactions between toxin alpha and eleven homologous neurotoxins, using polyclonal antibodies.--- One monoclonal antibody (M alpha 1) specific for toxin alpha has been prepared. Competition experiments, made with (3H) toxin alpha, six mono modified toxin derivatives or alpha three homologous neurotoxins, showed that the binding site of (M alpha 1) comprises the N-terminal group, Lys-15, Pro-18 and probably Thr-16. This site is topographically different from the "toxic" domain. (M alpha 1) inhibits the toxicity of toxin alpha under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In addition, (M alpha 1) is capable of "removing" toxin molecules bound to the receptor, allowing a rapid recovery of the functional properties of the receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Experimental synovitis induced by aluminium phosphate in rabbits. Comparison of the changes produced in synovial tissue and in articular cartilage by aluminium phosphate, carrageenin, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and natural diamond powder.

The goal of this experimental study was to examine the effect on articular tissue of tribasic aluminium phosphate (crystalline and amorphous forms) after intraarticular injection in rabbit and to compare it with that of various phlogistic compounds such as carrageenin, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and diamond powder, as a control. Synovium and cartilage were studied with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive micro-analysis (EDM). Crystalline and amorphous aluminium phosphate could induce a synovitis with articular effusion in rabbits. With TEM, lysosomal inclusions of phagocytosed material were observed. Through SEM coupled with EDM, aluminium associated with phosphate was found in cellular elements.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1984

[Acute renal insufficiency following endourethral surgery with glycine irrigation].

The authors analyse a case of acute renal failure in an old patient after a TUR of the prostate. The involved mechanism seems to be a toxicity of the glycine solution. In case of severe "TUR syndrome" with important resorption of glycine, the glycine could be catabolysed in oxalate, creating an hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria. The high blood level of oxalates can be responsible of acute renal failure and anuria. The treatment is simple: hemodialysis is able to eliminate quickly (in one session) the oxalates from the renal tubules and to restore the renal function. Prospective studies will give us an idea of the propitious conditions for this pathology and for the prevention.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

[Acute edema of the lung in eclampsia].

In 6 cases of eclampsia in the course of pre and post-partum, we could observe neurological disorders associated with acute pulmonary oedema with acute respiratory distress occurring 5 to 72 hours after the first convulsive crisis. Hemodynamic check-up provided various results: 3 cases corresponded to A.P.O resulting from a lesion, with normal capillary pressure. In 3 other cases, there was hemodynamic oedema (overloading with high flow and hypervolemia in one case, myocardial incompetence with hypovolemia in an other case revealed by test filling in a third case). There were clinical signs of left ventricular failure in 4 case. Post-mortem investigations (5 cases) revealed unimportant ultrastructural alterations of myocardium only in 2 cases. Pulmonary histopathological investigations (5 cases) were the investigations carried out in case of oedema resulting from lesions with interstitial and alveolar oedema, hyaline membranes, alteration of pneumocytes, and intra-capillary thrombi. Mendelson's syndrome which was always discussed could be eliminated. The syndrome of respiratory distress was certainly connected with more or less generalized microcirculatory disorders (microembolism with hyperpermeability) connected with hemostasis disorders and cerebral manifestations.

Acute Disease↗