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Biomedical subjects

G Farkas

Publications and source records attributed to G Farkas.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Determination of euthyroid thyroid mass.

Proposals have been made for modification of different formulas used to determine the thyroid weight, by which the 'most probable' value of the normal thyroid mass can be determined. With the help of this method, thyroid masses of euthyroid individuals located in Budapest and its surroundings were determined using a combined scintigraphic and ultrasound method. As an average of 103 cases, the 'most probable' value of normal thyroid mass of the population is 20.9 g (range 15.1-38.8 g).

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Clinical transplantation of fetal human pancreatic islets.

Fetal human Langerhans islets were isolated from pancreatic tissue of 2 embryos aged 20 and 22 weeks by partial collagenase digestion. The islets were kept in Eagle's medium at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 10 weeks. The insulin production was continuous during this period. The two cultured fetal islet masses were transplanted to a 31-year-old diabetic man and a 58-year-old diabetic woman. They have required insulin treatment for 25 and 30 years, respectively, and have suffered from retinopathy. The transplantations were performed to the liver after tissue typing. In the case of the man the daily insulin requirement was slightly reduced after 4 months of transplantation but later (8th month) the insulin dose was half the original one. Just now (24 months) the insulin dose is on the same level. In the case of the woman the daily insulin requirement was reduced only after 8 months of transplantation. Just now (13 months) her insulin dose is 12 U less than the original one. In both of them the function of the transplanted islets was proved by measurement of serum C-peptide level and by the fundus examination (no progression of retinopathy).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Role of the NK reaction in the diagnostics of liver and pancreas tumours.

The NK (natural killer) and K (killer) activities of peripheral lymphocytes were determined. The peripheral blood was obtained from healthy individuals and from patients with liver and pancreas diseases. Examinations were performed preoperatively. The natural cell-dependent cytotoxicity (NK) was examined against the K-562 cell line, while the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was examined against human red blood cells. The NK and K cell activities of the 19 patients with malignant tumours were substantially lower than those of the 40 healthy subjects. In the 12 cases of benign diseases of the liver and pancreas, however, the mean percentage cytotoxicity expressing the NK and K activities (40 +/- 10%) agreed with, or was higher than, the value for the controls (32 +/- 12%). Low cytotoxicity levels (12.6 +/- 5%) were characteristic in the malignant processes; in the majority of these, exploration showed local metastases or metastases besides the primary lesion. Since the NK and K cells play an essential role in the defence of the organism against tumours, the decrease in activity of this cell population may be of diagnostic value. In vitro interferon treatment in the control and benign cases considerably stimulated the NK reaction, and in some of the malignant diseases it raised the cytotoxicity values close to the control level.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate in a plasma membrane preparation from pig granulocytes.

Plasma membranes prepared from pig granulocytes were incubated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP. The dissociated catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase stimulated the incorporation of 32P into both the protein and lipid fractions of the membrane. The SDS gel-electrophoretic analysis of the 32P-labelled proteins showed that the protein kinase phosphorylated preferentially a 24000-Mr protein, though other 32P-labelled proteins were also detected. 32P-labelled membrane lipids were analysed in two different thin layer chromatographic systems. 32P-labelling was found exclusively in polyphosphoinositides. On addition of the protein kinase the 32P-labelling of both polyphosphoinositides was increased but a higher amount of phosphate was incorporated into phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate than into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Simple and reliable conditions for routine, long-term culturing of fetal human pancreatic tissue fragments.

Fetal human pancreatic tissue fragments were isolated and cultured for 18 wk. Insulin production was almost continuous during this period. Multiplication of cells was observed at the second week, and these cells later aggregated as epithelioid cells and formed pseudoislets. The growth characteristics, insulin-like immunoreactivity, and endocrine properties of these cells were evidenced by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopic examination, and measurement of the total insulin content. These results indicate that long-term culture of fetal islets may be useful in clinical work and provides a possible method for increasing islet mass and reducing immunogenicity.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1984

[Bone age of children in 2 communities in Hungary with different fluoride levels in the drinking water].

The adverse effects of ingested fluoride were investigated. The bone-age of children consuming drinking water containing optimum (about 1 mg/l) fluoride concentration with regard to caries prophylaxis was compared with the bone-age of those consuming drinking water containing low (0.14-0.26 mg/l) fluoride concentration. The examinations were conducted on 7-14-year old Hungarian children. The bone-age was determined by the TW2 method. No significant difference was found between the bone-age of the children belonging to the group consuming water with optimum fluoride concentration and those in the other group consuming water with low fluoride concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus in corned beef.

The growth of an enterotoxin A producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus in corned beef was investigated. In the inoculated 6 lb. canned product the bacteria spread throughout the meat and attained high numbers. The rate of spread of the organisms was related to the temperature and length of storage of the cans and the numbers of bacteria inoculated. Cans which had been stored for more than four months showed high counts of the bacteria throughout the meat. It was noted that with the long term contaminated product counts of S. aureus on some selective media may give falsely low results. Numbers of S. aureus on meat inoculated by handling after removal from the can were initially extremely variable. More uniform distribution and higher counts were attained only if the meat was exposed for some hours at ambient temperature or above. The significance of the results to the investigation of outbreaks of food poisoning suspected of being associated with canned corned beef is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Corporeal development of preschool children. Investigations in Szeged (South Hungary)].

766 boys and 752 girls in the age between 3-6.5 years have been investigated 1981 in Szeged (South Hungary) for body height, body weight and chest circumference. Comparing these children to those of the same age, which have been investigated 1962 in the same town - Szeged -, no statistically significant differences in the anthropometric variables taken into consideration are seen. This means that the secular trend in growth--being present in earlier times--nowadays is no more to be observed in this population.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1982

Changes in EMG power spectrum (high-to-low ratio) with force fatigue in humans.

During and following high-load fatiguing voluntary contractions, the force response of skeletal muscle to electrical stimulation is altered so that the frequency-force curve is moved to the right. Fatiguing contractions also result in a shift to the left of the electromyographic (EMG) power spectrum. In the quadriceps muscle and the diaphragm of normal subjects the change in the force response to electrical stimulation has been correlated with the EMG changes. After repeated submaximal contractions in the quadriceps and diaphragm, the forces produced by electrical stimulation at low frequencies were reduced, indicating low-frequency fatigue. This type of fatigue persisted for several hours but did not result in any change in the EMG high-to-low ratio. Low-frequency fatigue is probably an important aspect of the failure of skeletal muscle to generate adequate force, and the EMG high-to-low ratio may not recognize this type of fatigue.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1981

Detection of diaphragmatic fatigue in man by phrenic stimulation.

Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured at functional residual capacity (FRC) in four normal seated subjects during supramaximal, supraclavicular transcutaneous stimulation of one phrenic nerve (10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz--0.1 ms duration) before and after diaphragmatic fatigue, produced by breathing through a high alinear inspiratory resistance. Constancy of chest wall configuration was achieved by placing a cast around the abdomen and the lower one-fourth of the rib cage. Pdi increased with frequency of stimulation, so that at 10, 20, and 50 Hz, the Pdi generated was 32 +/- 4 (SE), 70 +/- 3, and 98 +/- 2% of Pdi at 100 Hz, respectively. After diaphragmatic fatigue, Pdi was less than control at all frequencies of stimulation. Recovery for high stimulation frequencies was complete at 10 min, but at low stimulation frequencies recovery was slow: after 30 min of recovery, Pdi at 20 Hz was 31 +/- 7% of the control value. It is concluded that diaphragmatic fatigue can be detected in man by transcutaneous stimulation of the phrenic nerve and that diaphragmatic strength after fatigue recovers faster at high than at low frequencies of stimulation. Furthermore, it is suggested that this long-lasting element of fatigue might occur in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, predisposing them to respiratory failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The failing inspiratory muscles under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

The effects of hypoxemia on inspiratory muscle fatigue were assessed in 4 normal subjects. They breathed to exhaustion through high inspiratory resistances producing an inspiratory mouth pressure (Pm) of about 80% of maximal mouth pressure. The endurance time (tlim) during hypoxia (13% O2) was found to be shorter than that while breathing room air at equal inspiratory mouth pressures. Endurance time during hypoxia was also compared with that while breathing room air at equal rates of energy consumption (C), assuming that C is proportional to: Formula: (See Text). At these equal rates, endurance time during hypoxia still remained shorter than that during normoxia. Fatigue was also assessed by measuring the electromyographic power spectrum of the diaphragm and the parasternal intercostals. The power spectrum shifted towards low frequencies during fatigue and a greater rate of shift was observed under hypoxic conditions. The rate of lactate production during hypoxemia was greater than that during normoxia; however, blood lactate concentrations at the end of the tests were similar under both conditions. It was concluded that respiratory muscles, working against high inspiratory resistances, fall as pressure generators sooner during low oxygen breathing. The effect of low oxygen breathing on inspiratory muscle fatigue resulted in a shorter endurance time, a faster rate in the shift of the electromyographic power spectrum, and a greater rate of increase in blood lactate concentrations.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1981

The effects of targeting improvements in urine glucose on metabolic control in children with insulin dependent diabetes.

A treatment program designed to increase the percentage of negative urine tests was implemented using a multiple-baseline across groups design in a sample of 19 families of children with insulin dependent diabetes. The treatment involved instruction in insulin adjustment, decrease in intake of simple sugars and saturated fats, and increase in exercise, along with teaching the parents to support improvements in children's self-regulatory behaviors using a point economy and praise. New procedures designed to measure and reinforce adherence to the urine testing regimen were developed. Results showed significant increases in percentage of negative urines consistent with implementation of treatment across the three treatment groups, which were maintained over the follow-up period. Metabolic measures of control, including glycosylated hemoglobin and serum glucose did not show improvements even though the relationship between the percentage of negative urine tests and glycosylated hemoglobin was very high during treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗