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Biomedical subjects

G Escande

Publications and source records attributed to G Escande.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Method for studying internal tensions at the intervertebral junction in extreme postures. Description of experimental material and preliminary results].

The authors describe a device for measuring the resultant tensions existing at the intervertebral junction (or its constitutive elements) in all spine attitudes. The reported method has been applied to the L4-L5 junction of a spine taken from the corpse of a 50 years old man. Although incomplete, the results suggest the following points: --the L4-L5 intervertebral junction seems to be very deformable, particularly in the sagittal plane; --the intervertebral disk is probably an elastic support which sustains shear stresses during flexion, extension and bending movements in the frontal plane; --during flexion, articular processes seem to be movement leaders as well as supports; --ligaments seem to play a small mechanical role, but their proprioceptive function seems essential.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Study of the talus and calcaneus using microdurometry, penetrometry and compression].

The authors give the results of various methods such as hardness micrometry, indentation tests and the radiographic study of fracture patterns, which they have applied to the talus and to the calcaneus. It appeared to them that: --these techniques outline the phenomenon of rupture behaviour of both talus and calcaneus; --the talus behaves as a fragile type of material whereas the calcaneus is of the intermediate type. The authors therefore think that these methods can be of great interest in a better understanding of the biomechanical properties of bone.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

[Double aortic arch with coarctation. Apropos of a case].

One case of double aortic arch with coarctation is reported. Anatomically, partial atresia of the anterior arch presented as a Kommerel's diverticulum; the coarctation was situated on the dominant posterior arch just proximal to the origin of the subclavian artery. This malformation had been diagnosed clinically during childhood. The operative indications were increasingly severe hypertension with associated left ventricular hypertrophy, and dramatic epistaxis from a nasal angioma which necessitated repeated arterial embolisation. The surgical treatment comprised the insertion of a prosthetic tube from the brachiocephalic trunk, proximal to the coarctation, to the descending thoracic aorta distal to the coarctation. The immediate operative result was excellent with return of normal peripheral pulses and blood pressure. The diagnostic difficulties of this malformation and its associations with other vascular malformations are emphasised. The surgical indications are discussed and the different techniques reviewed:--resection and end-to-end anastomosis,--tubular prosthesis,--associated procedures for double aortic arch. The choice of technique depends on the age of the patient, the anatomical conditions (double arch, coarctation, collateral circulation), and the quality of the aortic wall (atheroma).

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1980

[Anatomy of the right atrioventricular valve (valva atrio-ventricularis dextra or valva tricuspidalis). Description of a new type of chordae: the mixed chordae].

The authors, continuing their work concerning the tricuspid valve which was communicated at the Fourth European Anatomical Meeting (Bále, 1977), now present a study of twenty anatomical preparations according to the Mac ALPINE technique of perfusion-fixation, giving to the preparation a morphology comparable to that of the heart at the end of the diastole. The present work consists in a descriptive and morphological study of one type of tendinous cord, not described until now, and denominated mixed cord. It defines itself by its valvular insertions which are situated on the four areas of the tricuspid valve described by SILVER and al. It is a cylindric tendinous cord, always ramified either into two branches which are in turn greatly ramified, or into a fan shaped spreading. Each ramification is attached to the valve by an expansion which is either perpendicular or parallel to the ring. This work specifies: the number of tendinous cords, their distribution to the three cusps of the tricuspid valve, the number of their ramifications and their valvular insertions.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Electrical study and functional approach to the peroneal muscles].

After an attempt to systematize and to give a terminology to the movement of the foot, the authors have studied the role of the muscle peroneus longus and muscle peroneus brevis. This work includes a brief anatomical reminder, and an analysis of electrostimulation and of electromyography. It appears to them that:--the muscles peroneus longus and peroneus brevis have no motor action on the talocrural articulation, but they are synergic with foot flexor muscles as well as with foot extensors, giving lateral stability to this articulation, avoiding varus deviation on a weight bearing limb;--the muscle peroneus longus deepens the plantar arch, enabling impulsion to stance when walking, avoiding weight bearing of the foot on its lateral side. Lastly, the authors think that plastic operations using the muscle peroneus brevis, for rupture of the Achille's tendon, that are performed on an athlete, are not prejudicial to the lateral stability of the foot since a quite inactive muscle is involved.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMed1979

[Anatomical study and systematization of veins in the foot].

From the dissection and the injection of the foot veins on 70 anatomical pieces, the authors have found the 4 systems usually described:--Lejar's plantar venous rete;--the supra-fascial dorsal venous rete;--the dorsal veins of the foot;--the median and lateral plantar veins. All these systems communicate largely with one another and are practically without any valvula. Among the most interesting systems, one should notice the closely woven plantar rete predominating at the level of the anterior and posterior weight-bearing points, and the importance of the muscular plantar veins close to the weight-bearing points. From those anatomical data 3 conclusions follow: 1) the major importance of the superficial venous drainage in comparison with the deep one, which makes one think of the preponderant role of that system as venous motor at the level the weight-bearing points, while walking; 2) the easy opacification of all those systems in phlebography; 3) the uselessness of any complementary surgical action i the submalleolar regions during the cure of varices.

Foot↗
PubMed1978

Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy: a new surgical treatment for life-threatening ventricular tachycardias resistant to medical treatment following myocardial infarction.

Ventricular tachycardias occurring after myocardial infarction (MI) and resistant to medical treatment were successfully treated in 5 patients by encircling endocardial ventriculotomy. All patients had a history of MI. The delay between MI and ventricular tachycardias ranged from 1 month to 8 years. A reentrant mechanism was demonstrated by laboratory studies. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, the left ventricle was entered through the thin fribrous scar. Encircling endocardial ventriculotomy was carried out from the inside of the ventricle, through the whole thickness of the normal myocardium, and along the border of the endocardial fibrosis, which delineated the area of diseased myocardium. The ventriculotomy was placed in the free wall or in the septum or in both of these locations. It was repaired and the left ventricle was closed. Drug therapy was discontinued after operation. No ventricular tachycardias recurred during a follow-up period of 6 to 24 months. The effectiveness of encircling endocardial ventriculotomy is explained by the exclusion of the entire diseased area, especially the border zone and the septum. This technique is useful in any location of MI.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early CYFRA 21-1 variation predicts tumor response to chemotherapy and survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

We have evaluated CYFRA 21-1 serum level variations as an indicator of tumor response and survival in 44 consecutive patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with induction chemotherapy (IC). Irrespective of the initial CYFRA 21-1 serum concentration, a more than 65% decrease in the serum level after the first chemotherapy course was significantly predictive of an objective tumor response (p = 0.0022). In addition, a more than 80% decrease in this level significantly predicted a better disease-free survival (p = 0.039). In patients with initial CYFRA 21-1 serum levels > 3.3 ng/mL (n = 29), a more than 80% decrease after the first IC course was the most significant predictor of overall survival (p = 0.025) in a Cox analysis including initial staging, tumor response and surgery. We conclude that early monitoring of CYFRA 21-1 serum levels may be a useful prognostic tool for tumor response and survival in stage III NSCLC patients treated by induction chemotherapy.

Adult↗