Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to G Elliott.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 on renal papillary necrosis and gastrointestinal ulcerations (gastric, duodenal, intestinal) produced in rats by mefenamic acid.

Mefenamic acid, given orally to rats at a single dose of 1200 mg/kg, produced renal papillary necrosis (RPN) in 63% of animals. The incidence was reduced to 27% by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2), given at an oral dose of 0.75 mg/kg t.i.d. RPN is likely to be caused by the renal prostaglandin depletion elicited by mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase. Substitution with dmPGE2 reduces RPN presumably by preventing the prostaglandin depletion. We conclude that the prostaglandin used is cytoprotective for the kidney. Mefenamic acid, like most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NOSAC), produced ulcerations of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). These were prevented by dmPGE2 (intestinal cytoprotection). Unlike most other NOSAC, however, mefenamic acid produced duodenal ulcers in nearly all animals (80%). Of these ulcers, 88% were perforated. Twenty-five of the twenty-six animals that died had a perforated ulcer. These duodenal ulcers were also prevented by dmPGE2. Mefenamic acid-induced ulcers could be used as an experimental model for testing agents with a potential for preventing or healing duodenal ulcers.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1986

Artificial suntanning: spectral irradiance and hazard evaluation of ultraviolet sources.

High incidences of skin damage and skin cancer amongst Australians have resulted in numerous campaigns to encourage people to protect themselves against solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The detrimental effects of UV-B radiation have been known for some time but recently there has been concern over the effects of UV-A radiation which had been thought of as relatively harmless. The proliferation of solaria, which incorporate UV-A sources, prompted the issuing of an Australian standard dealing with technical and non-technical aspects of the artificial suntanning industry. The purpose of this study was to measure the irradiance and spectral distribution of the emission from sunbeds and other UVR sources used for tanning, to evaluate the hazard potential and also the compliance with the standard. It was found that the majority of the UV-A lamps evaluated met the requirements of the standard. The UV-B lamps and portable sunlamps are potentially hazardous and their use should be discouraged. In general, the survey of solaria highlighted the need for further education of the public and especially the users and operators of solaria, on the hazards of UVR and of protective measures required for its safe use.

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Aneuploidy in culture.

On one hundred consecutive clinically referred patients, a total of 3,175 cells was fully analysed. The parameters of culture and analysis were the same for all patients, and a breakdown of cells showed 258 cells (8.1 per cent) with hypomodal counts and sixty-two cells (1.9 per cent) with hypermodal counts. The great majority of the hypomodal cells contained forty-five chromosomes and the distribution of chromosome loss from these cells was non-random, with fewer than expected of the large chromosomes (groups A, B and C) being lost, and more than expected of the small chromosomes (group E and G) being lost. The distribution of the chromosomes gained in the hypermodal cells was random (except for the C group where the numbers were small). In this data, there was no significant difference of aneuploidy in culture noted for sex, age, or patient referral group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Occurrence of sex chromosome mosaicism and translocation Down's syndrome in the same family.

The proband in this family has translocation Down's Syndrome 46,XX,t(14;21)(p11;q11), and this translocation was present in other family members. Sex chromosome mosaicism was demonstrated in three generations of the family, providing another example of familial mosaicism. There was also excessive foetal wastage in different family members. It was not possible to assign the common aetiological factor to account for these various abnormalities. Dermatoglyphic studies showed dominant inheritance of finger-tip arch patterns in one branch of the family.

Child↗
PubMed1980

A severely retarded 18-year-old boy with tertiary partial trisomy 14.

An 18-year-old severely mentally and physically retarded boy was found to have an unbalanced chromosome complement 47,XY, + 14q-. He had the characteristic facial dysmorphis, abnormal hands, and other features described previously in cases of partial trisomy 14, but appears to be the oldest case reported. His mother is a reciprocal translocation carrier, and lack of other carriers in the family is noteworthy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

An abnormal dicentric X chromosome in a patient with short stature and gonadal dysgenesis.

A 16 year-old girl with short stature and gonadal dysgenesis was found to have a chromosomal complement consisting of 46,X,dic(X) (qter yields p22::p22 yields qter). When comparing her clinical features with 7 other cases who appeared to have precisely the same abnormal dicentric X, it was found that even though the percent of 45,X cells present varied considerably from patient to patient, these patients were remarkably similar and the stigmata, of Turner's syndrome were minimal in this group as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An infertile male with balanced Y;19 translocation. Review of Y;autosome translocations.

Cytogenetic studies on a phenotypically normal male, presenting with infertility, revealed a balanced Y;19 translocation - 46,XY,t (Y;19) (q11; p or q13). The patient had a normal hormone profile, but semen analysis showed immature cells in the fluid. The possible mechanisms causing the infertility are discussed. An extensive review of the literature of Y ; autosome translocations indicates that there are 2 types, those in which the broken segment of the Y is translocated to the short arm or centromeric region of an acrocentric chromosome, and those in which the Y material is translocated onto a long or short arm region of a non-acrocentric chromosome. The first type is less frequently associated with infertility and hypogonadism than the second type. There is presumptive evidence that the first type is non-random.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Influence of 0.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide exposure of mice of macrophage congregation in the lungs.

The lungs of 12 mice, half of which were exposed to continuous 0.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 3 weeks, were explanted in culture, and the instances of macrophage congregation were quantitated according to numbers of target cells involved, categories of congregation from three to 11 or more, numbers of macrophages participating in each category for the total cultures, and the influence of delaying explantation for 24 and 96 hr. A total of 9042 macrophages and 2140 epithelial and spindle target cells were counted in the outgrowths from 306 explants. The incidence of macrophage congregation (or numbers of target cells) was greater for the cultures from the NO2-exposed animals, both with respect to total incidences between groups (p leads to) and the 0-hr (p less than 0.001) and 24-hr (p less than 0.01) culture subgroups. In addition, the values for T3 to T6 macrophage congregation were individually and consistently greater for the exposed animal group. Postmortem interval stress at 96 hr appeared to result in large colonies, but they were reduced greatly in number. Also the incidence of macrophage congregation fell by 28% as compared to 0-hr and 24-hr subgroups.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pyridine nucleotide metabolism in mitotic cells.

The biosynthesis and turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) have been examined in mitotic cells of the human culture line, D98/AH2. No significant difference in the incorporation of nicotinic acid or nicotinamide could be detected between mitotic and interphase cells. The distribution of newly-incorporated nicotinic acid among the various pyridine nucleotides was also identical in mitotic and interphase cells. Whereas previous results have shown that the nucleus is necessary for NAD biosynthesis, the present results show that an intact nucleus is not required. In contrast to the equivalent rates of biosynthesis in mitotic and interphase cells, the pyridine ring of NAD was lost twice as fast from mitotic as from interphase cells. Loss of the pyridine ring to the medium is not necessarily an accurate measure of turnover, and the difference between mitotic and interphase cells may reflect differential reutilization of the pyridine ring within the cell. However, it is clear that NAD turnover is substantial in mitotic cells and possibly greater in mitotic cells than interphase cells.

Cell Line↗