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Biomedical subjects

G Eklund

Publications and source records attributed to G Eklund.

136 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenol and HCl at 550 degrees C yield a large variety of chlorinated toxic compounds.

During the past decade it has been shown conclusively that the incineration of municipal and industrial wastes gives rise to emissions of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. However, the mechanism by which these toxic compounds are formed has not yet been fully established. Some researchers believe that the presence of organically bound chlorine is necessary, but others consider that inorganic forms of chlorine may also participate in the process. We now report the synthesis of a large number of chlorinated environmental pollutants in a simple high-temperature experiment. The results show that phenol and HCl are the most likely precursors of the chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans formed in the combustion of wastes. The dependence of the reaction on the concentration of HCl indicates a way of controlling the formation of these toxic compounds during incineration.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. VIII. Survival and malignancy grading in patients treated by irradiation in Lund 1969-1970.

The correlation between certain prognostic factors and the 10-year survival/lethality rate was analysed in 168 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage I A-II B treated by radiation therapy from 1969 through 1970. These factors included a malignancy grading system (MGS) consisting of 8 items: structure (P1), differentiation into cell type (P2), nuclear polymorphism (P3), mitosis (P4), mode of invasion (P5), stage of invasion (P6), vascular invasion (P7), and host-cellular response (P8). Histologic differentiation (1) and differentiation into cell type (11), the patient's age, the year of admission, the clinical stage (FIGO), and irradiation were also analysed. Many of these factors were correlated to the prognosis. However, the MGS system was superior as a predictive factor. Patients with a low MGS score had an extremely good survival rate at both the 5- and 10-year controls. The patients with a high MGS score had approximately 55 per cent lethality at 10 years. The MGS was significantly superior to each separate item as well as to each predictive factor (p less than 0.05). Further, no other important predictive factor could be identified after the MGS had been included in the multivariate analyses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. IX. Construction of a partial index in a histopathologic malignancy grading system.

A malignancy grading system (MGS) for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, consisting of four items for the tumour-cell population and four items for the tumour-host relationship, proved to have a good prognostic capacity. A correlation analysis based on 161 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in stages I and II was evaluated. The relationships between survival/lethality ratio (S/L) and all single items, MGS, and a reduced partial index were compared. The study showed good agreement with previous studies on another partial index. The MGS had the best predictive value. The items of the tumour-cell population had no significant predictive value. According to a regression analysis, items for the tumour-host relationship or the items vascular invasion and host-cellular response alone could be used without any substantial loss of predictive capacity compared with the MGS. However, the MGS remains the most complete and adequate classification for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability of record linkage in the Swedish Cancer-Environment Register.

The Swedish Cancer-Environment Register (CER) is intended to be used for studies on occupational cancer. CER was established by a computerized record linkage between the Swedish National Cancer Register (SCR) for 1961-1973 and the 1960 Population and Housing Census (PH 60) in order to obtain information on occupation, occupational status, economic activity (industry), place of work, domicile, etc. that might be useful for epidemiologic studies on cancer. Accurate inter-register linkage at individual level necessitates high quality of identification in both registers. The hit completeness in this respect was evaluated as 98.8 per cent, a figure regarded as acceptable for most studies based on the CER. Since a hit between SCR and PH 60 did not guarantee accuracy, the reliability of the record linkage was studied in random sample. With the aid of local and national population registries, 0.45 per cent (95% confidence interval 0.21-0.86%) false linkages were revealed in the sample. The CER was in 1982 supplemented with data notified to the SCR 1974-1979, and the hit completeness was 99.2 per cent for the total period. There are good grounds for assuming a lower rate of false linkages for the later period.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

S-phase rate as a predictor of early recurrences in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Flow cytometric measurements of ploidy level and S-phase rate were performed in a prospective study of 165 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Patients were followed-up for 24 months after initial treatment. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between patients with peri-diploid tumors (1.8c-2.2c) and aneuploid tumors. The S-phase rate (evaluable in 133 cases), which previously has been studied only occasionally in cervical carcinomas, was correlated with early relapses. Significantly more relapses were found in tumors with S-phase rates greater than or equal to 20% than among tumors with S-phase rates less than 20% (chi 2 = 9.54, p less than 0.01). A higher relapse rate among tumors with S-phase rates greater than or equal to 20% was found even after taking staging into consideration (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, p less than 0.01). Thus, besides staging, evaluation of the S-phase rate yielded additional prognostic information.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Notable relationship between the level of tumor marker TPS in serum and survival in breast cancer.

Tissue Polypeptide Specific antigen (TPS) in serum was measured once during the follow-up of 200 breast cancer patients and compared with survival. Within 12 months, patients with normal TPS (< 80 U/L) exhibited a 3% death rate (3/96), which was undistinguishable from the mortality of normal females of corresponding age. Patients with moderate TPS (80-400 U/L) suffered 19% death (14/72), and patients with high TPS (> 400 U/L) 72% death (23/32). The relative risk (RR) of death within 6 months was 1 with normal TPS, 8 with moderate TPS, and 48 with high TPS. RR for 12 months was 1, 6, and 23, respectively. Serum TPS at admission had a significant predictive value with regard to survival up to 12 months.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗