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Biomedical subjects

G Eklund

Publications and source records attributed to G Eklund.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Incidence of malignant thyroid tumors in humans after exposure to diagnostic doses of iodine-131. II. Estimation of thyroid gland size, thyroid radiation dose, and predicted versus observed number of malignant thyroid tumors.

The size of the thyroid glands was analyzed for 10% of the patients in a selected group that had been exposed to diagnostic doses of 131I. The mean thyroid gland weight +/- SD was 50 +/- 33 g for patients 20 or more years of age and 10 +/- 5 g for patients less than 20 years of age. With the present follow-up, diagnostic doses of 131I appeared not to be associated with an increased risk for later development of malignant thyroid tumors. Possible reasons for the difference between the observed number of such tumors and the number expected (47-124) on the basis of risk estimates of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation are discussed.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1979

Bronchial carcinoma. IV. A methodological evaluation of the vitagram index for measurement of quality of survival.

The validity of the Carlens Vitagram Index was tested by using the result of therapy in 48 patients with bronchial carcinoma in advanced disease, 54 patients with localized disease and 34 deceased treated surgically. The Carlens Vitagram Index, which is additional and composed of six items, was correlated to a set of additive indexes including the same items but other item weights, which were chosen with non-controversial pre-specified restrictions. The lowest correlation achieved was an indicator of the lowest degree of consistency that could be attributed to the Carlens Index given. The definition of the index was operationalized so far that each item in the set of six items included in the index was regarded as valid, and it was also considered reasonable that only these six items should be included; that each item had a weight; that the index was obtained as a product (weight x item value) sum and that the pre-specified conditions were accepted. By using restrictive conditions the lowest correlation between the index giving the lowest correlation and the Carlens Index for the 48 patients with localized disease was 0.98, for the 54 patients with localized disease 0.91 and for the surgically treated ones 0.83. In addition to the total index, the average index per month was also studied and the corresponding correlations were 0.96, 0.86 and 0.81 respectively. The Carlens Index and its application per month was found to have good validity for inoperable patients and acceptable validity for surgically treated patients. The Carlens Index was shown to be robust and there is reason to believe that it lies close to the optimal index.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bronchial carcinoma. V. A methodological evaluation of the vitagram index for measurements of quality of survival by means of the "MaxMin" correlation method.

The validity of the Carlens Vitagram Index for measuring the quality of survival in bronchial carcinoma was further tested on the basis of the result of therapy in 48 patients with advanced disease, 54 patients with localized disease and 34 deceased patients surgically. Different approaches for index construction are discussed and the "MaxMin" correlation method, in which the highest of the lowest correlations is sought, is presented. The principal algorithms of the method are given, and the mathematical proof and the procedures are described and exemplified. By finding the "MaxMin" correlation a new index was constructed with weights of 20, 12.36, 12.36, 8.18, -6.15 and 0 points. The corresponding weights of the Carlens index are 20, 16, 12, 8, -4 and -2 points. Thus the Carlens index lies very close to the optimal index found with the "MaxMin" method. This result gives further proof that the Carlens index is valid for use in the types of bronchial carcinoma described above.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Frequent elevation of tissue polypeptide antigen in the sera of workers exposed to bladder carcinogens.

A group of 108 male workers previously exposed to bladder carcinogens and a group of 26 patients with carcinoma of the bladder differed significantly from a control group comprising 63 healthy male donors with respect to their levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). The risk group exhibited 4-6 times more frequent elevations of TPA than did the group of healthy donors.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1978

Respiration in man affected by TVR contractions elicited in inspiratory and expiratory intercostal muslces.

Vibration-induced effects on respiration in man were studied by recording the electrical activity (EMG) from the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. The vibration was applied in an upper thoracic region where inspiratory muscle activity prevailed or in a lower thoracic region where expiratory muscle activity prevailed. The effects were also studied by recording the movements of the thorax and the respiratory air flow. Sustained vibration in the upper region enhanced the activity of the underlying inspiratory muscles and caused an expansion of the rib cage whereas it had little or weak effects on diaphragm-activity or on expiratory intercostal muscles. Sustained vibration in the lower region enhanced the activity of the underlying expiratory muscles, often inhibited the inspiratory activity and caused a depression of the rib cage. It also tended to inhibit the diaphragm activity. It was also found that bilateral vibration, timed by the respiratory movements and alternating between upper and lower regions could aid or counteract the ventilation if it was applied respectively 'in phase' or 'out of phase' with the rhythmical contractions in the underlying muscles. The motor responses described are largely explicable in terms of tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) arising in the inspiratory and expiratory intercostal muscles underlying the vibrators.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Exteroceptive vibration-induced finger flexion reflex in man.

A tonic finger flexion reflex, induced by mechanical vibration (100 Hz) of the fingers, was studied in 20 healthy subjects. The outcome of nerve blocking experiments indicated that the reflex is mainly exteroceptive, distinct from the tonic vibration reflex of muscle spindle origin. Mechanoreceptors with fast conducting nerve fibres in the distal phalanx seem to constitute the major afferent source. We suggest that afferent signals from such receptors by a feedback mechanism can influence the motor performance of the exploring fingers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The changing incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in Sweden, 1959-1968.

3289 cases of malignant melanoma of the skin, recorded in the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1959 and 1968, have been studied regarding sex, age, location, month of registration and mortality. The incidence showed a 7% annual increase. the increase was most pronounced on the trunk and legs in both sexes. The highest incidence rise for women was between the ages of 30 and 39 and for men in the age range 40-64. The incidence in women with melanoma on the legs was higher during the summer months June-August. Only a negligible change in mortality was found during the period under consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sunlight and incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Effect of latitude and domicile in Sweden.

The relationship between tumour incidence rate and habitation patterns was investigated in 3289 patients registered between 1959 and 1968 as cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Swedish Cancer Registry. A linear correlation analysis between latitude and melanoma incidence rate in various regions showed a coefficient, r, was -0.74, which implies a decreasing incidence with increasing latitude. This result supports the hypothesis that ultraviolet irradiation is the predominant cause of melanoma. However, considerable deviations from the regression line were seen in some regions. Moreover, a comparison between town and country indicated melanoma incidence increased with population density, an increase not explained by overdiagnosis and thus not in agreement with the working hypothesis of UV-irradiation as the predominant cause of melanoma. Increase of foreign travel, as estimated by passport issue, may explain the overrepresentation of melanoma in some regions namely city and county of Stockholm, city of Malmö and Göteborg county. As foreign travel in Sweden generally means sunshine trips, this town versus country paradox may also be explained on the basis of increased irradiation, as may the anomalies observed in some counties. A regression analysis of the epidemiological index for UV-irradiation and melanoma incidence, adjusted for foreign travel, demonstrated a close agreement with the results of the latitude gradient analysis.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Re-appraisal of malignant melanoma diagnosis in the Swedish cancer registry.

In many countries the registration of malignant melanoma of the skin shows an increased incidence; this may partially be due to an over-diagnosis. From the group of 3,268 adults and 21 children classified as suffering from malignant melanoma of the skin in the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1959-1968, a one-in-ten systematic sample survey was the object of a retrospective examination. 349 adults and 2 children had a uniform histopathological evaluation performed by one of the authors (B.L.). Slides were not available in 8 cases (2 per cent) and in the remaining 343, the diagnosis was regarded as incorrect in 13 (3.7 per cent). All these 13 cases, (2 children and 11 adults), showed no special predilection as to age, sex, location, or year of registration. In view of such a slight degree of error, the Swedish Cancer registry's melanoma group from 1959-1968 would seem suitable for further epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Muscle spindle activity in man during standing.

In standing human subjects, muscle spindle activity was recorded from peroneal nerve fascicles innervating anterior compartment muscles. Provided that the receptor-bearing muscle remained relaxed, the basal activity and responses to stretch seen in multi-unit and single unit afferent recordings were stable and not altered by eye-closures of assistance to balance. The discharge frequencies of single afferent fibres were similar to those recorded at comparable muscle lengths in relaxed reclining subjects. By analogy to findings in reclining subjects, these results suggest that, during standing, the background fusimotor drive to relaxed muscles is neglibible. Backward body sway can induce a sway-stabilizing reflex contraction in the muscles of the anterior compartment. Such reflex contractions were accompanied by increased muscle spindle activity, the intensity of which appeared to be related to the intensity of the skeletomotor contraction. When balance was assisted by holding a support, swaying movements of similar or greater amplitude and velocity did not produce reflex activity, and the spindle response was of low frequency. It is concluded that the sway-stabilizing reflex contraction operates in alpha-gamma linkage, and that these contractions are not generated by segmental stretch reflex pathways.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prognostic factors in mammary carcinoma.

The simultaneous prognostic influence of multiple clinical and microscopic features of mammary carcinoma was analysed in 581 women with radical mastectomy. The most important of these features were connected with the extent of the disease in the axillary lymph nodes. In substantial groups of patients, however, a favourable outcome could be predicted from microscopic features of the primary tumour, viz. tubule formation, mitotic frequency and elastosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Course and severity of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in a local Swedish population sample.

A population sample between 35 and 54 years of age with chronic obstructive lung disease was investigated. The material consisted of 86 persons with bronchial asthma (without chronic bronchitis), 69 with chronic bronchitis (without asthma) and 30 with a combination of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Of the 116 asthmatics 51 had reaginic bronchial allergy. Twenty-three subjects developed bronchoconstriction on exercise testing: 14 of these had asthma, one bronchitis and eight had a combination of the two. Onset of disease before 15 years of age was unusual in pure bronchitis (9%), although more common in pure asthma and in asthma with bronchitis (23-29%). The mean number of days of incapacity during the preceding 12 months was only 6, both in pure asthma and pure bronchitis, but it was more frequent, 22-26, in asthma with bronchitis and in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. In asthma the multiple regression analyses showed that impaired spirometric values before or after taking a bronchodilating drug were correlated with the duration of incapacity in days and with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. In bronchitis, impaired spirometric values were found to be correlated with the number of symptomatic days (during the preceding 12 months) and with smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ventilatory capacity, working capacity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in a population sample of subjects with bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis.

We have studied a representative population sample comprising 185 persons, aged 35-54 years, having certain respiratory symptoms and considered to have chronic bronchitis and/or bronchial asthma. There were 86 with bronchial asthma (without chronic bronchitis), 69 with chronic bronchitis (without asthma) and 30 with both chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Fifty-one of the 116 asthmatics had reaginic bronchial allergy. In the groups with chronic bronchitis or bronchial asthma, the mean ventilatory capacities were slightly below the normal, being 89 and 91%, respectively, of the predicted values for FEV1 and 85 and 87% of those for MVV40. In the group of persons with both diseases, the mean FEV1 was 77% and the mean MVV40 84% of that predicted. Of the 21 persons with a mean FEV1 below 70% of that predicted 10 had both asthma and bronchitis. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, defined as a 15% fall of PEF after exercise, occurred in 22 of the 116 asthmatics and in one of the 69 persons with chronic bronchitis without bronchial asthma. In the asthmatics there was a significant correlation between resting PEF or the difference in PEF before and after orciprenaline inhalation on the one hand, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction on the other hand. This was taken as an indication of increased bronchial hyperreactivity.

Adult↗