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Biomedical subjects

G Eckert

Publications and source records attributed to G Eckert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Demonstration of primary cytotoxic T cells in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with mumps meningitis.

Cryopreserved lymphocytes from venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 10 children with mumps meningitis were tested in 5-hr 51Cr-release assays against uninfected and mumps virus-infected PHA-blasts. Lymphocytes from all patients were cytotoxic to autologous mumps virus-infected target cells, but completely failed to lyse histoincompatible virus-infected PHA-blasts. Cytotoxicity was specific for the infecting virus, and was mediated by E rosette-forming lymphocytes. The effector cells were present over 2 to 3 wk after onset of meningitis. Mumps viral antigens appeared to be preferentially recognized in association with HLA B determinants. The results show that specifically sensitized cytotoxic T cells (CTL) are induced in patients with mumps meningitis. These cells circulate in venous blood and are locally enriched in CSF. Based on clinical observations, it is proposed that mumps-specific CTL play an immunopathologic role.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Idiotype-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes in human multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia.

Antisera raised against idiotypic determinants (ID) of myeloma proteins and macroglobulins have been used to differentiate peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) populations from individual patients. ID-positive lymphocytes not resembling plasma cells have been regularly found in peripheral blood in these diseases. For further characterization ID-positive lymphocytes were enriched from the peripheral blood by affinity chromatography using heterologous anti-idiotypic sera. Two patients with IgG myeloma, one patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and two persons with benign monoclonal hyperglobulinaemia (BMH) were examined by this technique. The ID-positive PBL population was shown to be heterogeneous with respect to non-tumour-specific surface markers, such as sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), Fc and C receptors. Tumour-specific idiotypic determinants will thus allow a more correct recognition of the total tumour cell compartment in these diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Prevention of pulmonary micro-embolism during blood transfusion by means of fine mesh filters (author's transl)].

Disturbances of the pulmonary micro-circulation may be due to embolic obstruction by particles in stored blood. Mechanical blocking of the lung circulation plays an important pathogenetic role in the development of progressive respiratory failure. Extraneous micro-particles can be partly eliminated from stored blood by filtration. Although a detailed clinical study of the value of microfiltration of stored bloods is still missing, the prophylactic use of fine mesh filters is advisable for all transfusions of whole blood or corpuscle concentrates regardless of the quantity to be transfused.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1979

The distribution of HLA-Antigens in German patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis.

HLA-phenotypes were determined in 31 (30 unrelated) patients with hemochromatosis and compared to the distribution of HLA-antigens in the general German population. A significant excess of HLA-A3 was observed (76.7% vs. 30.2%). The frequency of HLA-B7 was also increased (53.3% vs. 27.0%). However, the difference did not quite reach the level of statistical significance, when correction for multiple comparisons was made. Our findings are in accord with previous observations for different ethnic groups, indicating an association of IH with the A3/B7 haplotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Demonstration of HLA restricted killer cells in patients with acute measles.

The relationship between HLA determinants on effector and target cells and cell-mediated cytotoxicity was studied using the release of 51Cr from measles virus-infected PHA-blasts. HLA compatibility between effector and target cells was not required if effector lymphocytes were derived from measles seropositive adults, from a patient with SSPE, and from children after live measles vaccination. Cytotoxicity was always abolished after removal of Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid cells. In these donors, the effect is, therefore, probably due to K cells. In contrast, lymphocytes from children with acute measles preferentially killed those virus-infected target cells with which they shared HLA antigens. Selective lytic activity was still observed after elimination of Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid cells. It is suggested that HLA-dependent killer cells represent specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These cells seem to be limited to the acute phase of measles.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple myeloma.

Antisera raised against idiotypic determinants of myeloma proteins and macroglobulins have been used to differentiate peripheral blood lymphocytes populations from individual patients. I.D.-positive lymphocytes not resembling plasma cells have been regularly found in peripheral blood in these diseases. This lymphocyte population is heterogeneous with respect to non-tumor-specific surface markers, such as SRBC-, Fc- and C-receptors. Tumor specific idiotypic determinants will thus allow a more correct recognition of the total tumor cell compartment in these diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Current problems and results in testing microaggregate filters.

Most in vitro studies on microaggregate filters focus on the mechanical retention of microparticles. Data are based on bulk techniques such as differential dry weight and screen filtration pressure measurements or single-particle counting using resistance measurement (Coulter principle). Errors in measurements may result from various steps in sample handling, interaction of the sample with the environment and inborn errors of different techniques. High-speed laser cytometry has been applied and was found to diminish the number of possible errors. The results of these measurements are compared with conventional techniques.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1979

[Association of anomalous macula veins with deuteranopia (author's transl)].

A case is presented with large anomalous retinal veins arising above the macula and running across it downwards, towards and into the inferior temporal vein. There was a decreased visual acuity which could not be accounted for. The literature dealing with this rare anomaly is discussed. This is the first case in which the vascular anomaly was associated with deuteranopia.

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1979

Synchronous determination of retinal circulation times in both eyes.

Retinal circulation times of 44 healthy subjects (88 eyes) were measured simultaneously on both eyes by means of synchronous bilateral fluorescein angiography. "Circulation time" was defined as the time from the first arterial filling to the first fluorescence of the corresponding vein close to the disc margin. We found 1.2 sec for the superior temporal vessels, 1.3 sec for the inferior temporal, 1.3 sec for the superior nasal, and 1.4 sec for the inferior nasal vessels of the right eye. For the left eye these values were 1.2 sec, 1.2 sec, 1.4 sec, and 1.4 sec, respectively. No significant differences between the 2 eyes were demonstrable. It is concluded therefore that in cases of monocular disturbances of retinal circulation the other eye can serve as a reliable standard when measurements are performed simultaneously on both sides. The many uncertainties of successive examinations caused by uncontrollable systemic circulation changes are thus eliminated.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

HLA-typing in juvenile diabetics with and without positive family history and in families with one and two diabetic siblings.

HLA-typing was performed in two groups of juvenile-onset diabetics, one with (n = 58) and one without (n = 109) a family history of the disease. The association of this type of diabetes with certain HLA antigens (excess of B8 and B15, shortage of B7) was confirmed. No heterogeneities could be established between the two groups. This suggests that the aetiologic basis in single and familial cases of juvenile diabetes is the same. The hypothesis, that the B8 associated gene is more penetrant than the B15 associated gene, cannot be confirmed. Haplotypes were determined in families with one and two diabetic siblings. The findings of high haplotype concordance among diabetic siblings was confirmed: concordance of 2, 1 and 0 haplotypes in 7, 5 and 3 pairs respectively. There was a low degree of haplotype concordance between diabetics and nonaffected siblings in the families with two diabetics: 2, 1, and 0 haplotypes in 2, 8 and 6 pairs respectively. This led to the hypothesis of negative selection against these HLA-linked "diabetogenic" genes. This tendency was not, however, observed in families with only one diabetic. The report of a high recombination rate in families with juvenile diabetics could not be confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Influence of continuous-flow blood separator leucophoresis on in vitro functions of human lymphocytes.

The influence of continuous-flow blood separator leucophoresis on these in vitro functions of human lymphocytes was studied. In ten separation experiments, lymphocyte functions were examined in the presence and absence of mononuclear phagocytes before, during and at the end of continuous flow leucophoresis. Cell surface markers and effector functions in spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays did not change significantly under the conditions of leucophoresis. By contrast, separator lymphocytes exhibited a significantly increased mitogenic response to pokeweed mitogen and PPD. Removal of mononuclear phagocytes corrected for this phenomenon. PHA and Con A responses were not affected by leucophoresis, nor was the number of circulating haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-C) significantly altered during a 4 hr continuous flow blood separator run.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1978

[Retinal circulation times as determined by fluorescein angiography (author's transl)].

Using a standardized technique of rapid fluorescein angiography applying a special diaphragm in the camera to reduce the patient stress by the frequent flashes and an automatic dye injection retinal circulation times of 173 healthy eyes were measured and statistically analysed. Circulation time was defined as the time interval between first visible arterial and venous fluorescence of corresponding vessels near the disc margin. The circulation time for the temporal vessels (1.1--1.2 s) was significantly faster than that of the nasal vessels (1.3 s) whereas there was no significant difference between the upper and lower main vessels. The very short circulation times are caused by short circuits near the disc. The difference between the shorter temporal and longer nasal times is caused by the macular circulation. It would therefore be more accurate to speak of peripapillary circulation times or of circulation times of the posterior pole of the fundus.

Capillaries↗